SHORT-TERM MUTAGENICITY and CARCINOGENICITY TESTS
Abstract
The millions of natural and/or synthetic substances with the unknown biological effects found in our environment, their mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials are still unknown. For this reason, it is very important to evaluate the mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials of natural and/or synthetic substances that are placed in our daily lives. Considering the cost and duration of the tests, researchers have developed tests are easy to use and inexpensive in a short time. The most common short-term test systems are bacterial mutagenicity tests. Various tests for the detection of mutagenic and carcinogenic activities of chemicals in bacteria, insects, plants and all mammalian cells for DNA damage, chromosome alterations, and cell cycle are often used at the same time. Recently retrotransposon based systems came into consideration. Use of various molecular markers in an effort to establish high-throughput screening methods that could revolutionize future toxicology studies.
Keywords
References
- 1-Ames BN, Durston WE, Yamasaki E, et al. Carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973; 70(8):2281–2285.
- 2-Ashby J, De Serres FJ, Shelby MD, et al. “Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens”. Report on the International Programme on Chemical Safety’s Collaborative Study on in vivo assays. Vols.I/II, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988.
- 3-Bayram E, Yilmaz S, Hamad-Mecbur H, et al. 2012. Nikita retrotransposon movements in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) callus culture. Plantomics. 2012; 5(3):211-215
- 4-Bonchev G, Georgiev S, Pearce S. Retrotransposons and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced diversity in hexaploid wheat and Triticale. Cent Eur J Biol. 2010; 5(6):765-776.
- 5-Brennan RJ, Schiestl RH. Detecting carcinogens with the yeast DEL assay. Genetic Recombination. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2004; 262:111–124.
- 6-Choy WN. Genetic toxicology and cancer risk assessment. New York: Marcel Dekker. 2001.
- 7-Collins AR. The comet assay for DNA damage and repair: Principles, applications, and limitations. Mol. Biotechnol. 2004; 26:249–261.
- 8-COM. Guidance On A Strategy For Genotoxicity Testing Of Chemical Substances. 2011.
- 9-COM. Guidance On A Strategy For Genotoxicity Testing Of Chemical Substances. 2018.
- 10-Constantine MJ, Owens ET. Introduction and perspectives of plant genetic and cytogenetic assays, A report of the US Environmental Protection Agency Genotox Program. Mut Res. 1982; 99:1-12.