Interventional Pain and Non-Pharmacologic Management among Neonates and Infants

Year 2018, , 169 - 178, 04.04.2018

Derya Emre Yavuz , Şule Ecevit Alpar

https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.338176

Cited By: 4

Abstract

The pain is a problem that directly affects the health
status and leading to negative results in every domain of life when not
controlled. All of the children receive a series of painful interventions since
the moment of birth. The interventional procedures such as blood-letting and
vaccination are the most important pain sources for the children. The trauma
that pain creates might cause unconformity with the vaccination and the lack of
adherence to therapy. These conditions might cause outbreaks in many
preventable diseases, and leave the children defenseless. Especially in the
infancy period, in which the brain development is fast, the pains arising from
interventional procedures should be well-managed in order to eliminate the
developmental and emotional effects of pain. In pain management, there are many
approaches both pharmacological and non-pharmacological.  It is almost
impossible to use the pharmacological methods due to the reasons such as the
requirement of application by experienced personnel, the complication risk, and
the costs. Some of the non-pharmacological methods used for neonates and
infants are sucrose, holding in inclined position, kangaroo care, mother’s
bosom, lactation, tactile stimulation, and swaddling. This paper was prepared
in order to discuss the interventional procedure pains among the neonates and
infants and the importance of non-pharmacological management of these pains.

Keywords

Neonate, infant, interventional pain

Yenidoğan ve Süt Çocuklarında Girişimsel Ağrı ve Non-farmakolojik Yönetimi

Abstract

Ağrı sağlık durumunu direk etkileyen
kontrol edilmediğinde hayatın bütün alanlarında olumsuz sonuçlar doğuran bir
sorundur. Tüm çocuklara doğumdan itibaren bir dizi girişimsel ağrılı işlem
uygulanmaktadır. Kan alma, enjeksiyon, aşı gibi girişimsel işlemler çocukların
en büyük ağrı kaynaklarındandır. Ağrının yarattığı travma çocuklarda başta iğne
fobisi olmak üzere, aşı uygulamalarında aksaklık, tedaviye uyumda yetersizlik
sebebi olabilir ve bu durumlar önlenebilir birçok hastalıkta salgınlara neden
olarak çocukları savunmasız bırakabilir. Özellikle beyin gelişimin hızlı olduğu
süt çocukluğu döneminde ağrının gelişimsel ve emosyonel etkilerini gidermek
için girişimsel işlem ağrıları iyi yönetilmelidir. Ağrı yönetiminde farmakolojik
ve non-farmakolojik pek çok yaklaşım vardır. Farmakolojik yöntemlerin deneyimli
personel tarafından uygulanma zorunluluğu, komplikasyon riski ve maliyeti
nedeniyle kullanımını nerdeyse imkansızdır. Sükroz, kıvırarak tutmak, anne kucağı, kanguru
bakımı, emzik vermek, taktil uyarı, emzirme, kundaklama kullanılan yenidoğan ve
süt çocukları için kullanılan non-farmakolojik yöntemlerdendir. Bu makale
yenidoğan ve süt çocuğunda girişimsel işlem ağrıları ve bunun non-farmakolojik yönetiminin
önemini vurgulamak için yazılmıştır.

Keywords

Yenidoğan, süt çocuğu, girişimsel ağrı

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