Gebelikte Kullanılan Sigara Dozunun Maternal ve Fetal Sonuçlar ile İlişkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 49 Issue: 1, 31 - 35, 05.03.2018

Çiğdem Yayla Abide , Ebru Çoğendez , Pınar Kumru , Evrim Bostancı Ergen , Çetin Kılıççı

https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.393346

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Amaç:
Sigaranın maternal, fetal ve neonatal olumsuz etkileri bilinmektedir. Biz bu
çalışmada sigaranın günlük kullanım miktarı ile maternal ve perinatal sonuçlar
arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntem ve Gereçler:
Bu çalışma 2015 – 2017 yılları arasında Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk
Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum
Kliniğinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 1029 sigara içmeyen ve 261 sigara içen gebe
dahil edildi. Hastalar gebelik boyunca içtikleri sigara adedine göre hafif,
orta ve ağır içici olmak üzere sub-gruplara (≤5 adet /gün, 5-15 adet/gün,
>15 adet/gün) ayrıldı. Hastaların demografik özellikleri kaydedildi. Tüm
gebelerde maternal ve perinatal sonuçlar değerlendirildi.

Bulgular:
Sigara içen gebelerin %28.4’ ü günde ≤5 adet sigara, %62.5’i 5-15 adet sigara
ve %9.2’si >15 adet sigara içmekte idi. Yenidoğanın doğum haftası, doğum
ağırlığı, boyu, 1. Dakika apgar skoru ve 5. Dakika apgar skoru sigara içen
gebeler lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda düşük bulundu. Sigara içen
gebelerin yenidoğanlarının doğum ağırlığı sigara içmeyen gebelere göre 162 gram
daha düşük bulundu (p<0.0001). Gebelerin doğum şekli ve bebeklerin
cinsiyetleri açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Sigara içen
gebelerde preeklampsi, erken membran rüptürü (EMR), preterm prematür membran
ruptürü (PPROM), fetal gelişme kısıtlılığı (FGR), intrauterin fetal kayıp ve
yenidoğan yoğum bakım ünitesine yatış oranları sigara içmeyen gebelere göre
istatistiksel anlamda daha fazla saptandı. Subgruplar kendi arasında
karşılaştırıldığında ise >15 adet/gün sigara kullanan gebelerde diğerlerine
göre istatistiksel anlamda daha düşük doğum ağırlığı ve daha yüksek yenidoğan
yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış oranı görülmüştür.

Sonuç:
Çalışmamız, gebelikte maternal sigara kullanımının doza bağlı bir şekilde düşük
doğum ağırlığı ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış riskini artırdığını
göstermiştir. 

Keywords

Gebelik, Sigara, Maternal prognoz

Relationship Between Smoking Doses and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction: We
aimed to investigate the relationship between daily smoking doses and maternal
and perinatal outcomes.

Methods: This
study was conducted between 2015 and 2017 in Zeynep Kamil Women's and Children's
Hospital Education and Research Hospital. 1029 pregnancies who did not smoke
and 261 pregnancies who smoked were included in the study. Patients were
divided into subgroups (≤5 pcs / day, 5-15 pcs / day,> 15 pcs / day), which
were mild, moderate and heavy smokers. Demographic characteristics of the
patients were recorded. All maternal and perinatal outcomes were evaluated.

Results:  28.4% of the smokers were
using ≤5 cigarettes per day, 62.5% of the smokers were using 5-15 cigarettes
and 9.2% of the smokers were using> 15 cigarettes. Birth weight, gestational
week of birth, birth height, 1st minute apgar scores and 5th minute apgar
scores were statistically significantly lower in pregnancies who smoked. The
birth weight of smokers was 162 grams lower than pregnancies who did not smoke
(p <0.0001). There was no significant difference between the groups regards
to type of delivery and the sex of the infants. Rates of preeclampsia,
premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), fetal growth restriction (IUGR), intrauterine
fetal demise and neonatal care unit admission were statistically significantly
higher in pregnancies who smoked. When subgroups were compared, pregnancies who
smoked > 15 cigarettes per day were found to have statistically
significantly lower birth weight and higher rates of neonatal intensive care
unit admission.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed that the risk of low birth weight and risk of admission to
the neonatal intensive care unit increased with increasing cigarette usage
during pregnancy. 

Keywords

Pregnancy, Cigarette, Maternal prognosis

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