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Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması

Year 2018, Volume: 49 Issue: 1, 157 - 161, 04.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.358407

Abstract

Amaç:
Rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonları konjenital anomalilerin başlıca sebepleri
arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı gebelikte rubella ve toxoplazma gondii
enfeksiyon oranın değerlendirilmesi ve enfeksiyonlar ile ilişkili risk
faktörlerinin tespitidir.

Gereç
ve Yöntem:
Bu retrospektif çalışmada Ocak 2014 – Aralık 2014
arasında önceden rubella ve toxoplazma açısından serolojik durumu bilinmeyen
2947 gebenin sonuçları değerlendirildi. Hastaların çalışmaya dahil edilme
kriteri olarak gebeliğin ilk trimesterinde rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyon
taraması için IgG ve IgM antikorları ile değerlendirilmiş olması alındı.
Taranma için standart bir protokol kullanıldı. Bu protokolde gebelerden alınan
serum örneklerinde rubella ve toxoplazma antijenine karşı IgG ve IgM antikor
seviyeleri ölçüldü.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya
dahil edilen hastaların hiçbirinde tek başına IgM antikor pozitifliğine
rastlanmadı.  IgM antikoru artmış olan 55
gebenin yapılan avidite değerlendirmesinde 52’sinde yüksek avidite tespit
edildi ve akut enfeksiyon dışlandı. Bununla birlikte rubella IgG ve IgM
antikoru yüksek tespit edilen 2 gebede avidite sonucunun düşük olduğu ve
toxoplazma IgG ve IgM antikoru yüksek tespit edilen 1 gebenin avidite sonucu
sınırda düşük olduğu ve akut enfeksiyon ihtimali tespit edildi. Gebelik
sonuçları açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise toxoplazma seropozitivitesi olan
hastalarda abortus oranın yüksek olduğu tespit edildi.


























Sonuç:
Gebelik öncesi serolojik durumu bilinmeyen hastalarda akut rubella ve
toxoplasma gondii enfeksiyonlarının tespiti için enfeksiyon ajanlarına karşı
IgG ve IgM antikorlarının değerlendirilmesi ve şüpheli sonuçlar varlığımda IgG
avidite testinin yapılması kabul edilebilir bir yaklaşımdır.

References

  • 1.Rodriguez GE, Adler SP. Immunoglobulin G subclass responses to cytomegalovirus in seropositive patients after transfusion. Transfusion (Paris). 1990;30(6):528–31.
  • 2.Sanders LA, Feldman RG, Voorhorst-Ogink MM, de Haas M, Rijkers GT, Capel PJ, et al. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptor IIA (CD32) polymorphism and IgG2-mediated bacterial phagocytosis by neutrophils. Infect Immun. 1995;63(1):73–81.
  • 3.Miller E, Cradock-Watson JE, Pollock TM. Consequences of confirmed maternal rubella at successive stages of pregnancy. Lancet Lond Engl. 1982;2(8302):781–4.
  • 4.Herrmann KL. Available rubella serologic tests. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7 Suppl 1:S108-112. 5.Hamkar R, Jalilvand S, Mokhtari-Azad T, Nouri Jelyani K, Dahi-Far H, Soleimanjahi H, et al. Assessment of IgM enzyme immunoassay and IgG avidity assay for distinguishing between primary and secondary immune response to rubella vaccine. J Virol Methods. 2005;130(1–2):5965.
  • 6.Montoya JG. Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis. 2002;185 Suppl 1:S73-82.
  • 7.Liesenfeld O, Montoya JG, Kinney S, Press C, Remington JS. Effect of testing for IgG avidity in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: experience in a US reference laboratory. J Infect Dis. 2001;183(8):1248–53.
  • 8.Tanyuksel M, Guney C, Araz E, Saracli MA, Doganci L. Performance of the immunoglobulin G avidity and enzyme immunoassay IgG/IgM screening tests for differentiation of the clinical spectrum of toxoplasmosis. J Microbiol Seoul Korea. 2004;42(3):211–5.
  • 9.Lazzarotto T, Spezzacatena P, Pradelli P, Abate DA, Varani S, Landini MP. Avidity of immunoglobulin G directed against human cytomegalovirus during primary and secondary infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1997;4(4):469–73. 10.Morice A, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Avila-Agüero ML. Congenital rubella syndrome: progress and future challenges. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(3):323–31. 11.Tipples GA. Rubella diagnostic issues in Canada. J Infect Dis. 2011;204 Suppl 2:S659-663.
  • 12.Danovaro-Holliday MC, LeBaron CW, Allensworth C, Raymond R, Borden TG, Murray AB, et al. A large rubella outbreak with spread from the workplace to the community. JAMA. 2000;284(21):2733–9.
  • 13.Calimeri S, Capua A, La Fauci V, Squeri R, Grillo OC, Lo Giudice D. Prevalence of serum anti-rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in southern Italy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;116(3):211–3. 14.Karacan M, Batukan M, Cebi Z, Berberoglugil M, Levent S, Kır M, et al. Screening cytomegalovirus, rubella and toxoplasma infections in pregnant women with unknown pre-pregnancy serological status. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;290(6):1115–20.
  • 15.Bakacak M, Bostancı MS, Köstü B, Ercan Ö, Serın S, Avcı F, et al. Gebelerde Toxoplasma gondii, rubella ve sitomegalovirüs seroprevalansı. Dicle Med J. 2014;41(2):326–31. 16.Efe Ş, Kurdoğlu Z, Korkmaz G. Van yöresindeki gebelerde Sitomegalovirüs, Rubella ve Toksoplazma antikorlarının seroprevalansı. Van Tıp Derg. 2009;16(1):6–9. 17.İnci A, Yener C, Güven D. Bir devlet hastanesinde gebe kadınlarda toksoplazma, rubella ve sitomegalovirüs seroprevalansının araştırılması. Pam Tıp Derg. 2014;7(2):143–6. 18.Satılmış ÖK, Yapça ÖE, Yapça D, Çatma T. Sorgun Devlet Hastanesine başvuran gebelerde rubella, sitomegalovirüs ve toksoplazma antikorlarının seroprevalansı. İKSST Derg. 2014;6(2):90–6. 19.Tamer GS, Dundar D, Caliskan E. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in western region of Turkey. Clin Investig Med Med Clin Exp. 2009;32(1):E43-47.
  • 20.Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M, McQuillan G, Navin T, McAuley JB. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(4):357–65. 21.Nash JQ, Chissel S, Jones J, Warburton F, Verlander NQ. Risk factors for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Kent, United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(3):475–83. 22.Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre N, Sánchez-Hernández J, Muñoz S, Marín R, Delgado N, Sáenz MC, et al. [Seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B and C virus, and HIV in pregnant women]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2004;22(9):512–6.
  • 23.Onadeko MO, Joynson DH, Payne RA, Francis J. The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant Nigerian women and the occurrence of stillbirth and congenital malformation. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1996;25(4):331–4. 24.Banatvala JE, Brown DWG. Rubella. Lancet Lond Engl. 2004;363(9415):1127–37.
  • 25.Vado-Solís IA, Suárez-Solís V, Jiménez-Delgadillo B, Zavala-Velázquez JE, Segura-Correa JC. Toxoplasma gondii presence in women with spontaneous abortion in Yucatan, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2013;99(2):383–5. 26.Galvan-Ramirez M de la L, Troyo R, Roman S, Calvillo-Sanchez C, Bernal-Redondo R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the Mexican population. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:271.

SCREENING RUBELLA AND TOXOPLASMA INFECTIONS IN FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Year 2018, Volume: 49 Issue: 1, 157 - 161, 04.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.358407

Abstract

Objective: Rubella
and toxoplasma infections are considered as causes of congenital anomalies. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of rubella and toxoplasma infections
in pregnancy and determine risk factors which related with infection.

Material and Method: This
retrospective study was conducted in January 2014- December 2014. In this
study, the screening of rubella and toxoplasma test results of
2947 pregnant women with unknown pre-pregnancy
serological status were evaluated.
The women
who were screened for rubella and toxoplasma with immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM
antibodies in first trimester of present pregnancy included. The screening
protocol was standardized. Both IgG and IgM antibodies for screening rubella
and toxoplasma were evaluated.

Results: Presence of IgM antibody
positivity alone was not detected in any women.  High avidity was detected in 52 out of 55
women who were IgM antibody positive, which excluded primary infection. Two
women were positive for rubella IgG and IgM antibodies with low avidity index were
considered have acute infection. In one woman with IgG and IgM antibodies positive
against Toxoplasma gondii, avidity index was borderline and susceptible to
acute infection during pregnancy. High abortion rates were revealed in women who
diagnosed with toxoplasma seropositivity.


























Discussion: Assessment of IgG and IgM antibodies followed by IgG avidity testing for
inconclusive results represents an acceptable approach in pregnant women with unknown
pre-pregnancy serological status.

References

  • 1.Rodriguez GE, Adler SP. Immunoglobulin G subclass responses to cytomegalovirus in seropositive patients after transfusion. Transfusion (Paris). 1990;30(6):528–31.
  • 2.Sanders LA, Feldman RG, Voorhorst-Ogink MM, de Haas M, Rijkers GT, Capel PJ, et al. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptor IIA (CD32) polymorphism and IgG2-mediated bacterial phagocytosis by neutrophils. Infect Immun. 1995;63(1):73–81.
  • 3.Miller E, Cradock-Watson JE, Pollock TM. Consequences of confirmed maternal rubella at successive stages of pregnancy. Lancet Lond Engl. 1982;2(8302):781–4.
  • 4.Herrmann KL. Available rubella serologic tests. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7 Suppl 1:S108-112. 5.Hamkar R, Jalilvand S, Mokhtari-Azad T, Nouri Jelyani K, Dahi-Far H, Soleimanjahi H, et al. Assessment of IgM enzyme immunoassay and IgG avidity assay for distinguishing between primary and secondary immune response to rubella vaccine. J Virol Methods. 2005;130(1–2):5965.
  • 6.Montoya JG. Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis. 2002;185 Suppl 1:S73-82.
  • 7.Liesenfeld O, Montoya JG, Kinney S, Press C, Remington JS. Effect of testing for IgG avidity in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: experience in a US reference laboratory. J Infect Dis. 2001;183(8):1248–53.
  • 8.Tanyuksel M, Guney C, Araz E, Saracli MA, Doganci L. Performance of the immunoglobulin G avidity and enzyme immunoassay IgG/IgM screening tests for differentiation of the clinical spectrum of toxoplasmosis. J Microbiol Seoul Korea. 2004;42(3):211–5.
  • 9.Lazzarotto T, Spezzacatena P, Pradelli P, Abate DA, Varani S, Landini MP. Avidity of immunoglobulin G directed against human cytomegalovirus during primary and secondary infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1997;4(4):469–73. 10.Morice A, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Avila-Agüero ML. Congenital rubella syndrome: progress and future challenges. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(3):323–31. 11.Tipples GA. Rubella diagnostic issues in Canada. J Infect Dis. 2011;204 Suppl 2:S659-663.
  • 12.Danovaro-Holliday MC, LeBaron CW, Allensworth C, Raymond R, Borden TG, Murray AB, et al. A large rubella outbreak with spread from the workplace to the community. JAMA. 2000;284(21):2733–9.
  • 13.Calimeri S, Capua A, La Fauci V, Squeri R, Grillo OC, Lo Giudice D. Prevalence of serum anti-rubella virus antibodies among pregnant women in southern Italy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet Off Organ Int Fed Gynaecol Obstet. 2012;116(3):211–3. 14.Karacan M, Batukan M, Cebi Z, Berberoglugil M, Levent S, Kır M, et al. Screening cytomegalovirus, rubella and toxoplasma infections in pregnant women with unknown pre-pregnancy serological status. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;290(6):1115–20.
  • 15.Bakacak M, Bostancı MS, Köstü B, Ercan Ö, Serın S, Avcı F, et al. Gebelerde Toxoplasma gondii, rubella ve sitomegalovirüs seroprevalansı. Dicle Med J. 2014;41(2):326–31. 16.Efe Ş, Kurdoğlu Z, Korkmaz G. Van yöresindeki gebelerde Sitomegalovirüs, Rubella ve Toksoplazma antikorlarının seroprevalansı. Van Tıp Derg. 2009;16(1):6–9. 17.İnci A, Yener C, Güven D. Bir devlet hastanesinde gebe kadınlarda toksoplazma, rubella ve sitomegalovirüs seroprevalansının araştırılması. Pam Tıp Derg. 2014;7(2):143–6. 18.Satılmış ÖK, Yapça ÖE, Yapça D, Çatma T. Sorgun Devlet Hastanesine başvuran gebelerde rubella, sitomegalovirüs ve toksoplazma antikorlarının seroprevalansı. İKSST Derg. 2014;6(2):90–6. 19.Tamer GS, Dundar D, Caliskan E. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in western region of Turkey. Clin Investig Med Med Clin Exp. 2009;32(1):E43-47.
  • 20.Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Wilson M, McQuillan G, Navin T, McAuley JB. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 2001;154(4):357–65. 21.Nash JQ, Chissel S, Jones J, Warburton F, Verlander NQ. Risk factors for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Kent, United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect. 2005;133(3):475–83. 22.Gutiérrez-Zufiaurre N, Sánchez-Hernández J, Muñoz S, Marín R, Delgado N, Sáenz MC, et al. [Seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B and C virus, and HIV in pregnant women]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2004;22(9):512–6.
  • 23.Onadeko MO, Joynson DH, Payne RA, Francis J. The prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in pregnant Nigerian women and the occurrence of stillbirth and congenital malformation. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1996;25(4):331–4. 24.Banatvala JE, Brown DWG. Rubella. Lancet Lond Engl. 2004;363(9415):1127–37.
  • 25.Vado-Solís IA, Suárez-Solís V, Jiménez-Delgadillo B, Zavala-Velázquez JE, Segura-Correa JC. Toxoplasma gondii presence in women with spontaneous abortion in Yucatan, Mexico. J Parasitol. 2013;99(2):383–5. 26.Galvan-Ramirez M de la L, Troyo R, Roman S, Calvillo-Sanchez C, Bernal-Redondo R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Toxoplasma gondii infection among the Mexican population. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:271.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Akın Usta This is me

Meryem Hocaoğlu

Abdulkadir Turgut

Osman Kılınç This is me

Ceyda Sancaklı Usta This is me

Eylem Şen Dalkıran This is me

Publication Date April 4, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 49 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Usta, A., Hocaoğlu, M., Turgut, A., Kılınç, O., et al. (2018). Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, 49(1), 157-161. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.358407
AMA Usta A, Hocaoğlu M, Turgut A, Kılınç O, Sancaklı Usta C, Şen Dalkıran E. Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. April 2018;49(1):157-161. doi:10.16948/zktipb.358407
Chicago Usta, Akın, Meryem Hocaoğlu, Abdulkadir Turgut, Osman Kılınç, Ceyda Sancaklı Usta, and Eylem Şen Dalkıran. “Gebeliğin Ilk üç ayında Rubella Ve Toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının Taranması”. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni 49, no. 1 (April 2018): 157-61. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.358407.
EndNote Usta A, Hocaoğlu M, Turgut A, Kılınç O, Sancaklı Usta C, Şen Dalkıran E (April 1, 2018) Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni 49 1 157–161.
IEEE A. Usta, M. Hocaoğlu, A. Turgut, O. Kılınç, C. Sancaklı Usta, and E. Şen Dalkıran, “Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması”, Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 157–161, 2018, doi: 10.16948/zktipb.358407.
ISNAD Usta, Akın et al. “Gebeliğin Ilk üç ayında Rubella Ve Toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının Taranması”. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni 49/1 (April 2018), 157-161. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktipb.358407.
JAMA Usta A, Hocaoğlu M, Turgut A, Kılınç O, Sancaklı Usta C, Şen Dalkıran E. Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2018;49:157–161.
MLA Usta, Akın et al. “Gebeliğin Ilk üç ayında Rubella Ve Toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının Taranması”. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni, vol. 49, no. 1, 2018, pp. 157-61, doi:10.16948/zktipb.358407.
Vancouver Usta A, Hocaoğlu M, Turgut A, Kılınç O, Sancaklı Usta C, Şen Dalkıran E. Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında rubella ve toxoplazma enfeksiyonlarının taranması. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni. 2018;49(1):157-61.