Yulaf Taçlı Pası Hastalığı (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae)

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 369, 69 - 83, 01.10.2020

Selçuk Sunulu , Ziya Dumlupınar , Mustafa Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.33724/zm.696421

Öz

Kültürü yapılan yulaf (Avena sativa L. ve Avena byzantina Coch.), insan ve hayvan beslemesinde kullanılmakta ve mısır, buğday, arpa, çeltik ve darıdan sonra Dünya’da en çok üretimi yapılan tahıl bitkisidir. Yulaf taçlı pası (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) yulafın en yaygın ve zarar verici hastalığıdır. Etmenin teliosporlarının tepe kısmının mikroskop altındaki görüntüsü taç şekline benzediği için bu ismi almıştır. Yulaf taçlı pası (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) çok kurak bölgeler hariç dünyanın her yerinde yulaflarda (Avena spp.) epidemi yaparak % 10’dan % 40’a kadar verim kayıplarına sebep olmakta ve şiddetli enfeksiyonlarda ürün tamamen elden çıkabilmektedir. Yulaf taçlı pası (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae)’nın kontrolünde erken ekim, sık ekimden kaçınma (uygun ekim normu kullanma), aşırı azotlu gübreleme yapılmaması, alternatif konukçuların yok edilmesi, dayanıklı çeşit kullanılması ve fungisit uygulamaları önerilmektedir. Etmenin eşeyli ve eşeysiz üremeyi kapsayan yaşam döngüsünden dolayı virülenslik ve agresiflik bakımından sürekli yeni ırklarının ortaya çıkması hastalığa karşı mevcut dayanıklılık kaynaklarının etkinliğini kaybettirmektedir. Ülkemizde Yulaf taçlı pası (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) ile ilgili çalışmalar sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu derleme ile yulafın en önemli ve tahripkâr hastalığı olarak kabul edilen Yulaf taçlı pası (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae)’nın coğrafi dağılımı, ekonomik önemi, biyolojisi, belirtileri, zararı, konukçuları ve mücadelesi ile ilgili güncel bilgilerin verilmesi amaçlanmış ve ülkemizde bu hastalığa karşı yapılması gerekenlere ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yulaf, yulaf taçlı pası, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

Oat Crown Rust Disease (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae)

Öz

Cultivated oat (Avena sativa L. and Avena byzantina Coch ) is used in human and animal feed and the most produced cereal after corn, wheat, barley, rice and millet in the world. Oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) is the most common and harmful disease of oats. It is named as crown rust due to image of the teliospores’ tips under the microscope that resembles the shape of the crown. Oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) is epidemic in oat (Avena spp.) growing areas in the world, except in arid regions, causing yield losses from 10% to 40% and may cause significant yield and quality losses in susceptible cultivars in terms of severe infections. In the control of oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae), early sowing, avoiding high sowing rates (using the appropriate sowing norm), non-excessive nitrogen fertilization, removing plant residues, using resistant varieties and fungicide applications are recommended. Due to the life cycle of sexual and asexual reproduction of the agent, the emergence of new crown rust races in terms of virulence and aggressiveness in different periods affects the success of the existing sources of resistance to the disease negatively. In our country, studies on oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) are limited. With this review, it is aimed to provide information on the geographical distribution, economic importance, biology, symptoms, harm, host and control of the oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae), which is considered the most important and destructive disease of oats. Suggestions for what to do against the disease are presented. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oats, crown rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae

Kaynakça

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