The Predictor Relations between Values, Love Attitudes and Forgiveness Levels of the Married Couples

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 53 - 68, 01.06.2019

Havva Safi Bülent Dilmaç

Öz

The aim of the present
research was to reveal the predictor relations between values, love attitudes
and forgiveness levels of the married couples and to test a model created from
this relationship.  The present research
was carried out in accordance with relational screening model which is a
sub-type of general screening model. The research sample consists of 347
marries couples including 276 women and 71 men who were selected through
randomized set sampling method among married couples living in Konya between
2017 and 2018.

In the process of data collection; Dilmaç, Arıcak and Cesur Values ​​Scale
developed to determine the values ​​of married couple, Love Attitude Scale was
used to detect love attitudes of the married couples;   the Trait Forgiveness Scale adopted into
Turkish by Akin and Saricam in 2013 was used to determine forgiveness levels.
The predictor relations on values, love attitudes and forgiveness levels of the
married couples were analysed through AMOS 16 Program according to
"Structural Equation Model". It is concluded that the value variable
appears to be the most important independent variable affecting the forgiveness
level. Another finding of the present study revealed that the most important
independent variable affecting the love attitude is the value of the married
couples. Furthermore, the secondary most important variable which affects the
love attitude was the forgiveness variable. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Values, Love Attitudes, Forgiveness

The Predictor Relations between Values, Love Attitudes and Forgiveness Levels of the Married Couples

Öz

Kaynakça

• Açıkel, M. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinin aşk biçimleri ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Relationship between love styles and personality traits of university students]. (Master’s thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara,Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Akarsu, B. (1998). Mutluluk Ahlakı, [Happıness Street]. İstanbul: İnkılap.
• Akdur, R., Ocaktan, E., & Özdemir, O. (2003). Sağlık reformu sürecinde Türkiye ve Avrupa’da birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi [The assesment of primary health care services in turkey and european countries due to health reform in Turkey]. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası [Ankara University Medical Faculty Journal], 56 (4), 207-216.
• Akın, A., & Sarıçam, H. (2013). Affedicilik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish adaptation of the affediciary scale: validity and Reliability study]. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Journal of Hasan Ali Yücel Faculty of Educationn], 19(1), 37-46.
• Atak, H., & Taştan, N. (2012). Romantik ilişkiler ve aşk [Romantic relationships and love]. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar [Current Approaches in Psychiatry], 4(4), 520-546.
• Avcı, N. (2007). Üniversite gençliğinin bireysel ve toplumsal değerlere ilgi ve bakışı: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi örneği [The view and interest of the university youth on individual and social values: The case of Süleyman Demirel University]. Kaymakcan, R., Kenan,S., Hökelekli,H., Arslan, Ş., & Zengin, M. (Eds.), Değerler ve eğitimi uluslararası sempozyumu bildirileri [Internatıonal Symposiom on Values and Educatıon] (pp. 819-851). İstanbul, Turkey: DEM.
• Aydın, F. T. (2017). Pozitif bir karakter gücü olarak affedicilik [Forgiveness as a positive character strength]. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 5(1), 1-22.
• Ayten, A. (2009). Affedicilik ve din: affetme eğilimi ve dindarlıkla ilişkisi üzerine ampirik bir araştırma [Affirmative and religion: an empirical research on the tendency to forgive and its relation to piety]. M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi [MU Journal of Theology], 37(2), 111-128.
• Beach, S. R. H., Fincham F.D., & Hall J. (2006). Forgiveness in marriage: current status and future directions. Family Relations, 55, 415–427. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2005.callf.x-i1
• Beach, S. R. H, Fincham, F. D., & Jackson, H., (2005). Transgression severity and forgiveness: Different moderators for objective and subjective severity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 860–870. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.6.860
• Bentler, P. M., & Hu, L. T. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1-55.
• Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., O'Connor, L. E., Parrot, L. ve Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgiveness, Vengeful Rumination, and Affective Traits. Journal of Personality, 73(1), 183–226. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00308.x
• Biçer, B. &Sarıçam H. (2015). The predictive role of moral value and self-compassion on forgiveness. GEFAD / GUJGEF 35(1): 109-122 .
• Bollen, K.A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 17 (3), 303-316. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004
• Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor and Francis.
• Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136.
• Burchard, G. A., Yarhouse, M. A., Kilian, M. K., Worthington, E. L., Berry, J. W., & Canter, D. E. (2003). A study of two marital enrichment programs and couples‟ quality of life. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 31(3), 240–252.
• Büyükşahin, A., & Hovardaoğlu, S. (2004). Çiftlerin aşka ilişkin tutumlarının Lee’nin çok boyutlu aşk biçimleri kapsamında incelenmesi [Study of couples’ love attitudes within lee’s multidimensional love styles framework]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychology], 19 (54), 59-72.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific Research Methods]. Ankara, Turkey: Pegem.
• Çaplı, O. (1992). Evlenmeye hazır mısınız? [Are you ready to marry?]. Ankara, Turkey: Bilgi Publishing.
• Çardak, M. (2012). Affedicilik yönelimli psiko-eğitim programının affetme eğilimi, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, psikolojik iyi oluş, sürekli kaygı ve öfke üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi [Investıgatıon of the effects of the psycho- educatıon curculum to enhance the tendency of forgiveness on ıntolerance to uncertaınty, psychological well-being, trait anxiety and anger]. (Doctoral dissertation, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey) Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Dilmaç, B. (2007). Bir grup fen lisesi öğrencisine verilen insani değerler eğitiminin insani değerler ölçeği ile sınanması [Examınatıon of human values educatıon gıven to a group of scıence hıgh school students wıth human values scale]. (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey). Retrived from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Dilmaç, B., Arıcak, O. T. & Cesur, S. (2014) A Validity and Reliability Study on the Development of the Values Scale in Turkey. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 14(5), 1661-1671. doi: 10.12738/estp.2014.5.2124
• Dilmaç, B., & Ekşi, H. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin genel erteleme, karar vermeyi erteleme ve akademik erteleme düzeylerinin sürekli kaygı açısından incelenmesi [An examination of general procrastination, decisional procrastination, and academic procrastination with respect to trait-anxiety among a group of college students]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Uludag University Faculty of Education Journal], 23 (2), 433-450.
• Dilmaç, B., Ekşi, F., & Şimşir, Z. (2016). Psikolojik danışma deneyimi yaşayanların dini başa çıkma, psikolojik i̇yi olma ve affetme düzeyleri arasındaki yordayıcı i̇lişkiler: Bir model önerisi [The predictive relationship among the levels of religious coping, psychological well-being, and forgiveness for those undergoing psychological counseling: An example model]. First International Congress on Religious-Spiritual Counselling
• Dilmaç, B., & Ulusoy, K. (2012). Değerler eğitimi [Values education]. Ankara, Turkey: Pegem Akademi.
• Dion, K.K. & Dion, K.L. (1996). Cultural Perspectives on Romantic Love. Personal Relationships, 3, 5-17. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-05098-001
• Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Ercan H. (2008). Genç yetişkinlerin aşk biçemleri ve benlik tipleri [Love styles and self types of young adults]. (Master’s thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Fenell, D.L. (1993). Characteristics of long-term first marriages. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 15, 446–460. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ472268
• Gordon, K. C., Baucom, D. H., & Snyder, D. K. (2015). Forgiveness in couples: Divorce, infidelity, and couples therapy. In E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 407-421). New York, NY: Routledge.
• Güngör, E. (2000). Değerler psikolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar [Research on the psychology of values]. İstanbul, Turkey: Ötüken Neşriyat.
• Hahn, J., & Blass, T. (1997). Dating partner preferences: A function of similarity of love styles. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality,12, 595–610. doi: 10.1177/0265407514533768
• Hendrick, C., Hendrick, S., ve Dicke, A. (1998). The love attitude scale: Short form. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 147-159. Retreived from https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407598152001
• Hendrick, C. ve Hendrick, S. (1986). A theory and method of love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 392-402. Retreived from https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1986-13421-001
• Kara, E. (2009). Dini ve psikolojik açıdan bağışlayıcılığın terapötik değeri [The therapeutıc value of forgıveness from relıgıous and psychologıcal perspectıve]. The Journal of International Social Research, 2(8), 221-229. Retrieved from http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/ Forgiveness (disambiguation)
• Karremans, J. C., Van Lange, P. A. M., Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Kluwer, E. S. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: The role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1011-1026. Retreived from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1011
• Karremans, J. C., Kluwer, E. S, Ouwerkerk, J. W., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: The role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 1011-1026. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/15456721.pdf
• Kongar, E. (1999). 21. Yüzyılda Türkiye [21st Century Turkey] . İstanbul, Turkey: Remzi.
• Konstam, V., Marx, F., Schurer, J., Lombardo, N. B. E., & Harrington, A. K. (2002). Forgiveness in practice: What mental health counselors are telling us. In S. Lamb & J. G.
• Murphy (Eds.), Before forgiving: Cautionary views of forgiveness in psychotherapy (pp. 54-71). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195145205.003.0004
• Kropp, F., Lavack, M. A. & Silvera, D. H. (2005). Values and Collective Self-Esteem as Predictors of Consumer Susceptibility to İnterpersonal İnfluence Among University Students. International Marketing Review, 22(1), 7-33. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330510581154
• Lee, J. A. (1973). The colors of love. Don Mills, Ontario: New Press.
• Lee, J. A. (1977). A typology of styles of loving. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3(2), 173-182. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014616727700300204
• Lee, J. A. (1988). Love Styles. (Ed: R. J. Sternberg ve M. L. Barners). The psychology of love. NY: Yale University Press.
• McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I., & Thoresen, C. E. (2000). The psychology of forgiveness: History, conceptual issues, and overview. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 1–14). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
• Medora, N.P., Larson, J.H., Hortaçsu, N. & Dave, P. (2002). Perceived attitudes towards romanticism; a cross-cultural study of american, asian-ındian, and turkish young adults. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 33 (2), 155-179.
• Özen, A. (2006). Value similarities of wives and husbands and confl ict resolution styles of spouses as predictors of marital adjustment. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, ODTÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Paludi, E. (2012). The psychology of love. California: ABC-CLIO.
• Roxas, M. M., David, A. P., & Caligner, E. C. (2014). Examining the relation of compassion and forgiveness among Filipino counselors. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 3(1), 53-62.
• Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modelling. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
• Schwartz, Shalom H., (1994), “Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values?”, Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb01196.x
• Shefield, C. J. (2003). An Investigation of relationships between forgiveness, religi-osity, religious coping, and psychological well-being. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Brigham Young University, USA
• Özer, B., & Tezer, E. (2008). Aşka ilişkin tutum biçimlerinin olumlu ve olumsuz duyguları yordayıcılığı [Love attıtude styles as the predıctors of posıtıve and negatıve affect]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi [Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal], 3(30), 19-29.
• Tanaka, J. S., & Huba, G. J. (1985). A fit index for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38(2), 197-201.
• Uğurcu, V. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin insani değerlerinin ve affedicilik tutumlarının depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerini yordaması [Human values, and forgıveness attıtudes’ predıctıvıty of depressıon, anxıety, and stress levels among unıversıty students]. (Master’s thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya) Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
• Waller N.G. & Shaver P. R. (1994). The ımportance of nongenetic ınfluences on romantic love styles: a twin- family study. Psychological Science, 5 (5), 268-274. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1994.tb00624.
• Wood, J. (2010). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Massachusetts: Wadsworth.
• Worthington, E. L. (1998). Introduction In E. L. Worthington (Ed.), Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives (pp. 1–5). Philadelphia, PA: Templeton Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F014616727700300204
• Yalar, T., & Yanpar Yelken, T. (2011). Değerler eğitiminin iyileştirilmesi ile ilgili öğretmen görüşlerinin belirlenmesi ve bir program modülü örneğinin geliştirilmesi [Determining The Teachers Opınıons On Improvıng Values Educatıon And Developıng A Programme Module Sample]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi [Electronic Journal of Social Sciences], 10(38), 79-98.
• Yolaçan, S. (2008). Erdemin dili affedicilik [Virtue language forgiveness]. İstanbul,Turkey: Erkam Yayınları.