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ŞARKİYATÇILIĞIN KAYNAKLARI: BRITANYALI ZİHNİNDE OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞUNUN İZİNİ SÜRMEK

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 44, 245 - 257, 10.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.511653

Öz

Üç kıtaya yayılmış olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu güçlü bir politik başarıyı ve de Batının gözünde şarkiyatçılığın örneklendirilmesini temsil eder. Hem coğrafi konumu hem de Müslüman ve de Doğulu olan kültürel kimliği Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun Batı tarafından algılandığı şekli ile doğu kimliğinin göstergesi olarak algılanmasına neden olmuştur. Bu anlayış İngiliz kaynaklarında da gözlemlenebilmektedir. Yansıttığı egzotik durumun yanı sıra Britanya İmparatorluğu’na rakip pozisyonu da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na olan ilgiyi İngilizler arasında arttırmıştır. Böylelikle Batının şarkiyatçı yaklaşımını tatmin etmek üzere klişe bir Türk imajı yaratılmıştır. Buna ilaveten edebi eserler de bu klişe Türk imajından hem beslenmişler hem de bu imajın sağlamlaştırılmasına katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Zamanının gezi yazıları da yaratılan klişe Türk imajının korunmasını desteklemişlerdir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma şarkiyatçı bakış açısının hat safhada olduğu 19. Yüzyıla odaklanarak klişe Türk imajının İngiliz kaynaklarında nasıl betimlendiğinin izini sürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte kronolojik bir sırayla verilecek olan eserler Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun ve de Türklerin nasıl ortak bir bakış açısından gerçeklikten farklı olan yorumlandığını ortaya koyacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • BRUMMETT, Palmira (2007), “Imagining the Early Modern Ottoman Space, From World History to Piri Reis,” The Early Modern Ottomans: Remapping the Empire, Virginia Aksan and Daniel Goffman (Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge UP: 15-57.
  • DEMATA, Massimiliano (2004), “Byron, Turkey and the Orient,” The Reception of Byron in Europe, Richard Andrew Cardwell (Ed.). London: Thoemmes Continuum: 439-452.
  • DONOVAN, J. P. (1993), “Don Juan in Constantinople: Waiting and Watching,” The Byron Journal: 14-29.
  • GOLDSWORTHY, Vesna (2006), “The Balkans in Nineteenth-century British Travel Writing,” Travel Writing in the Nineteenth Century: Filling the Blank Spaces, Tim Youngs (Ed.). London: Anthem Press: 19-35.
  • GOURGOURIS, Stathis(1996), Dream Nation: Enlightenment, Colonization, and the Institution of Modern Greece, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford UP.
  • KIDWAI, Abdur Raheem (1995), Orientalism in Lord Byron's 'Turkish Tales': The Giaour (1813), The Bride of Abydos (1813), The Corsair (1814), and The Siege of Corinth (1816), Lewiston: Mellen UP.
  • LOWE, Lisa (1991), Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms, Ithaca: Cornell UP.
  • MEESTER, Marie E. de (1915), Oriental Influences in the English Literature of the Nineteenth Century, Heidelberg: C. Winter.
  • MEYER, Eric (1991), “’I Know Thee not, I Loathe Thy Race’: Romantic Orientalism in the Eye of the Other,” ELH 58.3: 657-699, JSTOR.
  • MEYER, Eve R. (1974), “Turquerie and Eighteenth-Century Music,” Eighteenth-Century Studies. 7.4: 474-488, JSTOR.
  • MORAN, Berna (1964), Türklerle İlgili İngilizce Yayınlar Bibliyografyası: Onbeşinci Yüzyıldan Onsekizinci Yüzyıla Kadar, İstanbul: İstanbul Matbaası.
  • SAID, Edward (1978), Orientalism, New York: Pantheon Books.
  • SHAW, Ezel Kural (1972), "The Double Veil: Travelers' Views of the Ottoman Empire, Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries," Papers Read at a Clark Library Seminar, Los Angeles: UCLA.
  • SPIVAK, Gayatri Chakravorty (1996), “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism,” Critical Inquiry 12.1: 243-261, JSTOR.
  • ŞENLEN, Sıla (2005), "Richard Knolles’ The Generall Historie of the Turkes as a Reflection of Christian Historiography," OTAM 18: 379-393, Ankara Üniversitesi OAI Repository.
  • TURHAN, Filiz (2003), The Other Empire: British Romantic Writings About the Ottoman Empire, New York: Routledge.

SOURCES OF ORIENTALISM: TRACING OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN BRITISH MIND

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 44, 245 - 257, 10.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.511653

Öz

Established on three different continents, the Ottoman Empire demonstrated unquestioned political success and constituted the representation of orientalism for the West. Both her geographical position and her cultural identity as an Eastern and a Muslim provided the structure to approach the Ottoman Empire representing the Eastern identity as constructed by the West. Hence, a stereotypical representation of Turks created in order to satisfy the oriental approach of the West. This perspective can be observed in British sources as well. Beyond her exotic qualities for the West, the rival position of the Ottoman Empire against the British Empire provoked further interest in British names. As is common in oriental texts, British sources also reshaped the Turkish identity unconsciously to fit the text’s stereotypical perspective. In addition to the fixed image of Turks and the Ottoman Empire that is depicted underlining Westernized qualities, British written sources do not hesitate to reinterpret the constructed image of Turks as a medium for their own ideologies. In this regard, tracing the British sources and their representation establishes a problematic depiction of the Ottoman Empire and the Turks that is dominated by Western ideology. Moreover, it can be further argued that the literary works also both fed upon and contributed to the stereotypical depiction of Turks as an exotic eastern. Travel writing of the time also maintained the perception of Turkish identity representing the constructed understanding of the West regarding the East. Consequently, this study aims at tracing the stereotypical image of Turks as depicted in British sources especially with emphasis of sources dating to the 19th century as the highlight of Orientalism in British Empire. Hence, the misinterpretation of the Ottoman Empire and Turks will be laid out in a chronological order underlining their common perspective.

Kaynakça

  • BRUMMETT, Palmira (2007), “Imagining the Early Modern Ottoman Space, From World History to Piri Reis,” The Early Modern Ottomans: Remapping the Empire, Virginia Aksan and Daniel Goffman (Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge UP: 15-57.
  • DEMATA, Massimiliano (2004), “Byron, Turkey and the Orient,” The Reception of Byron in Europe, Richard Andrew Cardwell (Ed.). London: Thoemmes Continuum: 439-452.
  • DONOVAN, J. P. (1993), “Don Juan in Constantinople: Waiting and Watching,” The Byron Journal: 14-29.
  • GOLDSWORTHY, Vesna (2006), “The Balkans in Nineteenth-century British Travel Writing,” Travel Writing in the Nineteenth Century: Filling the Blank Spaces, Tim Youngs (Ed.). London: Anthem Press: 19-35.
  • GOURGOURIS, Stathis(1996), Dream Nation: Enlightenment, Colonization, and the Institution of Modern Greece, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford UP.
  • KIDWAI, Abdur Raheem (1995), Orientalism in Lord Byron's 'Turkish Tales': The Giaour (1813), The Bride of Abydos (1813), The Corsair (1814), and The Siege of Corinth (1816), Lewiston: Mellen UP.
  • LOWE, Lisa (1991), Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms, Ithaca: Cornell UP.
  • MEESTER, Marie E. de (1915), Oriental Influences in the English Literature of the Nineteenth Century, Heidelberg: C. Winter.
  • MEYER, Eric (1991), “’I Know Thee not, I Loathe Thy Race’: Romantic Orientalism in the Eye of the Other,” ELH 58.3: 657-699, JSTOR.
  • MEYER, Eve R. (1974), “Turquerie and Eighteenth-Century Music,” Eighteenth-Century Studies. 7.4: 474-488, JSTOR.
  • MORAN, Berna (1964), Türklerle İlgili İngilizce Yayınlar Bibliyografyası: Onbeşinci Yüzyıldan Onsekizinci Yüzyıla Kadar, İstanbul: İstanbul Matbaası.
  • SAID, Edward (1978), Orientalism, New York: Pantheon Books.
  • SHAW, Ezel Kural (1972), "The Double Veil: Travelers' Views of the Ottoman Empire, Sixteenth Through Eighteenth Centuries," Papers Read at a Clark Library Seminar, Los Angeles: UCLA.
  • SPIVAK, Gayatri Chakravorty (1996), “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism,” Critical Inquiry 12.1: 243-261, JSTOR.
  • ŞENLEN, Sıla (2005), "Richard Knolles’ The Generall Historie of the Turkes as a Reflection of Christian Historiography," OTAM 18: 379-393, Ankara Üniversitesi OAI Repository.
  • TURHAN, Filiz (2003), The Other Empire: British Romantic Writings About the Ottoman Empire, New York: Routledge.
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sanat ve Edebiyat
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Banu Öğünç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

APA Öğünç, B. (2019). SOURCES OF ORIENTALISM: TRACING OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN BRITISH MIND. Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(44), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.21563/sutad.511653

Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.