Öz
Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the most important periods in which psycho-physiological changes occur in a woman’s life. There are significant interactions between the age of mother, years of marriage, the number of pregnancies, the number of alive children, gestational week, the education level of the mother, the foetus gender, the status of planned pregnancy, and the thoughts of pregnancy termination. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between socio-demographic, family, pregnancy determinants, and prenatal attachment. Method: This study examines the mother-foetus relations on 295 expectant mothers in Turkey. The Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) was used as a data collecting instrument. The results are discussed on the matter of prenatal attachment, infant abandonment and other variables. Results: According to the results, age of mother, years of marriage, the number of pregnancies, and the number of alive children are correlated negatively with PAI points. Moreover gestational weeks are positively correlated with PAI points. Other results of the study display significant differences among the education level of the mother, the foetus gender, the status of planned pregnancy, and the thoughts of pregnancy termination. However, there are no significant differences between PAI points and employment status, income levels, social security status, type of family, type of marriage, miscarriage, curettage, and medical assisted pregnancy. Discussion: Low level of prenatal attachment may cause a high risk of abandonment/the termination of pregnancy. Therefore, the results of the study may be useful for professionals who want to develop proactive parental education programs to assist couples during and after pregnancy, taking into account the level of prenatal attachment.
Anahtar Kelimeler
prenatal attachment pregnancy mother–fetus relationship abandonment
Kaynakça
- 1.Wu JHL, Eichmann MA. Fetal sex identification and prenatal bonding. Psychological Reports, 1988;63(1):199-202.
- 2. Cranley MS. Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nursing Research,1981;30(5):281-284.
- 3. Condon, J. T. The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: Development of a questionnaire instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1993; 66: 167-183.
- 4. Kennell JH, Slyter H, Klaus MH. The mourning response of parents to the death of a newborn infant. New England Journal of Medicine, 1970; 283:344–349.
- 5.Muller ME. Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 1993; 15 (2): 199-215
- 6. Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N.E., Yarcheski, T.J., Hank, M.M. & Cannella, B.L. A Metaanalytic study of predictors of maternal-fetal attachment. Int Journal of Nursing Studies, 2009; 46(5):708-15.
- 7. Elkin, N. Gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Düzeyleri ve Bunları Etkileyen Faktörler. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 2015;24(6):230-237.
- 8. Berryman J.C, Windridge KC. Pregnancy after 35 and attachment to the fetus. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 1996; 14: 133–143.
- 9. Canella BL. Maternal-Fetal Attachment: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005;50:60–68.
- 10. Lvoff, N. M., Lvoff, V., Klaus, M. H. Effect of the baby-friendly initiative on infant abandonment in a Russian hospital. Archives of Pediatrics& Adolescent Medicine, 2000; 154(5):474-477.
- 11.Fonagy P, Steele H, Steele M. Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age. Child Development, 1991;62, 891–905.
- 12. Gillibrand R, Lam V, O’Donnell V. Developmental Psychology:300. Pearson, 2013.
- 13.Patock-Peckham JA, Morgan-Lopez, AA. Direct and mediational links between parental bonds and neglect, antisocial personality, reasons for drinking, alcohol use, and alcohol problems. Journal of Studies On Alcohol And Drugs, 2010;71 (1):95-104.
- 14. Alhusen JL. A literature update on maternal‐fetal attachment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 2008; 37(3):315-328.
- 15. Doan H, Zimerman A. Prenatal Attachment: A developmental Model. Int. J. Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine, 2008;20 (1-2):20–28.
- 16. Neuman, L. W. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative And QuantitativeApproaches (Seventh Ed.). Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
- 17. Duyan V, Kapısız SG and Yakut Hİ. (2013). The Adaptation of Fetal Attachment Inventory to Turkish with a Group of Pregnant Women. The Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology, 2013;10(39): 1609-1614.
- 18. Laxton-Kane M, Slade P. The role of maternal attachment in a woman’s experience of pregnancy and implications for the process of care. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 2002; 20, 253–266.
- 19. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Levels of coping with stres, depression and prenatal attachment and affecting factors of pregnant women. Journal of General Medicine, 2010;20(3):99- 108.
Öz
Giriş: Gebelik, bir kadının hayatında psiko-fizyolojik değişikliklerin meydana geldiği en önemli dönemlerden biridir. Annenin yaşı, evlilik yılı, gebelik sayısı, canlı çocuk sayısı, gebelik haftası, annenin eğitim düzeyi, fetüsün cinsiyeti, planlanan hamilelik ve gebeliği sonlandırma düşüncesi arasında önemli etkileşimler vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyo-demografik, aile, gebelik belirleyicileri ve doğum öncesi bağlanma arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki 295 anne adayının anne-fetus ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Prenatal Bağlanma Envanteri (PAI) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar doğum öncesi bağlanma, bebek bırakma ve diğer değişkenler üzerine tartışılmaktadır. Bulgular: Sonuçlara göre, annenin yaşı, evlilik yılı, gebelik sayısı ve canlı çocuk sayısı PAI puanları ile negatif korelasyon göstermektedir. Ayrıca gebelik haftası PAI puanları ile pozitif korelasyon göstermektedir. Çalışmanın diğer sonuçları, annenin eğitim düzeyi, fetüsün cinsiyeti, planlanan hamilelik ve hamileliğin sonlandırılması düşüncesi arasındaki önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, PAI puanları ile çalışma durumu, gelir, sosyal güvenlik durumu, aile tipi, evlilik tipi, düşük yapma, kürtaj ve tedavi gebeliği olup olmadığı arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Sonuç: Düşük doğum öncesi bağlanma düzeyi, yüksek terk etme/gebeliği sonlandırma riskine neden olabilir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın sonuçları, doğum öncesi bağlanma düzeyini dikkate alarak, hamilelik sırasında ve doğumdan sonra çiftlere yardımcı olmak için proaktif ebeveyn eğitimi programları geliştirmek isteyen profesyoneller için yararlı olabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1.Wu JHL, Eichmann MA. Fetal sex identification and prenatal bonding. Psychological Reports, 1988;63(1):199-202.
- 2. Cranley MS. Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nursing Research,1981;30(5):281-284.
- 3. Condon, J. T. The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: Development of a questionnaire instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1993; 66: 167-183.
- 4. Kennell JH, Slyter H, Klaus MH. The mourning response of parents to the death of a newborn infant. New England Journal of Medicine, 1970; 283:344–349.
- 5.Muller ME. Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 1993; 15 (2): 199-215
- 6. Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N.E., Yarcheski, T.J., Hank, M.M. & Cannella, B.L. A Metaanalytic study of predictors of maternal-fetal attachment. Int Journal of Nursing Studies, 2009; 46(5):708-15.
- 7. Elkin, N. Gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Düzeyleri ve Bunları Etkileyen Faktörler. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 2015;24(6):230-237.
- 8. Berryman J.C, Windridge KC. Pregnancy after 35 and attachment to the fetus. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 1996; 14: 133–143.
- 9. Canella BL. Maternal-Fetal Attachment: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005;50:60–68.
- 10. Lvoff, N. M., Lvoff, V., Klaus, M. H. Effect of the baby-friendly initiative on infant abandonment in a Russian hospital. Archives of Pediatrics& Adolescent Medicine, 2000; 154(5):474-477.
- 11.Fonagy P, Steele H, Steele M. Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age. Child Development, 1991;62, 891–905.
- 12. Gillibrand R, Lam V, O’Donnell V. Developmental Psychology:300. Pearson, 2013.
- 13.Patock-Peckham JA, Morgan-Lopez, AA. Direct and mediational links between parental bonds and neglect, antisocial personality, reasons for drinking, alcohol use, and alcohol problems. Journal of Studies On Alcohol And Drugs, 2010;71 (1):95-104.
- 14. Alhusen JL. A literature update on maternal‐fetal attachment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 2008; 37(3):315-328.
- 15. Doan H, Zimerman A. Prenatal Attachment: A developmental Model. Int. J. Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine, 2008;20 (1-2):20–28.
- 16. Neuman, L. W. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative And QuantitativeApproaches (Seventh Ed.). Essex: Pearson Education Limited.
- 17. Duyan V, Kapısız SG and Yakut Hİ. (2013). The Adaptation of Fetal Attachment Inventory to Turkish with a Group of Pregnant Women. The Journal of Gynecology-Obstetrics and Neonatology, 2013;10(39): 1609-1614.
- 18. Laxton-Kane M, Slade P. The role of maternal attachment in a woman’s experience of pregnancy and implications for the process of care. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 2002; 20, 253–266.
- 19. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Levels of coping with stres, depression and prenatal attachment and affecting factors of pregnant women. Journal of General Medicine, 2010;20(3):99- 108.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 19 Mayıs 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 4 |
Cited By
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS' PRENATAL FETAL GENDER PREFERENCE AND PRENATAL ATTACHMENT: AN ANALYTICAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.1446406
Sağlığın ve birinci basamak bakımın anlaşılmasına ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacak yeni bilgilere sahip yazarların İngilizce veya Türkçe makaleleri memnuniyetle karşılanmaktadır.