Öz
In this study, we propose new models for predicting
the average throughput in a 4x4 grid Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)-based
IoT network using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multiple Linear Regression
(MLR). Two different CoAP congestion control mechanisms have been considered:
the default CoAP congestion control (CC) and the CoAP Simple Congestion
Control/Advanced (CoCoA). On the client-side, we run 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15 CoAP
clients requesting packets, sized with 12, 24, 36 or 48 bytes, from different
CoAP servers over 4x4 grid IoT network configured with packet delivery ratios
of 90, 95 or 100. In total, 60 different experimental scenarios, each of which
was run 10 times to determine the average throughput of default CoAP CC and
CoCoA clients, were created. Using 10-fold cross-validation, the performance of
the prediction models has been evaluated using several performance metrics. The
results show that combining packet delivery ratio and number of concurrently
sending clients in a model leads to the highest correlation with the average
CoAP throughput of the IoT network. Particularly, this model produces the
lowest prediction error among all SVM-based and MLR-based models, regardless of
whether the default CoAP CC or CoCoA is used as the congestion control
mechanism.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] Atzori L.; Iera A.; Morabito G., The Internet of Things: A survey. Computer Networks, 2010, 54(15): 2787–2805.
- [2] Bandyopadhyay D.; Sen J., Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges in Technology and Standardization. Wireless Personal Communications, 2011, 58(1): 49–69.
- [3] Li S.; Xu L. Da; Zhao S., The internet of things: a survey. Information Systems Frontiers, 2015, 17(2): 243–259.
- [4] Shelby Z.; Hartke K.; Bormann C., Constrained Application Protocol. RFC 7252. 2014. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252.
- [5] Betzler A.; Gomez C.; Demirkol I.; Paradells J., CoAP congestion control for the internet of things. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2016, 54(7): 154–160.
- [6] Bormann C.; Betzler A.; Gomez C.; Demirkol I., CoAP Simple Congestion Control/Advanced. 2018. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-cocoa-03.
- [7] Betzler A.; Gomez C.; Demirkol I.; Paradells J., CoCoA+: An advanced congestion control mechanism for CoAP. Ad Hoc Networks, 2015, 33: 126–139.
- [8] Liu Y.; Lee J.Y.B., An Empirical Study of Throughput Prediction in Mobile Data Networks. In: 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). IEEE; 2015: 1–6.
- [9] Samba A.; Busnel Y.; Blanc A.; Dooze P.; Simon G., Instantaneous throughput prediction in cellular networks: Which information is needed? In: 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM). IEEE; 2017: 624–627.
- [10] Rygielski P.; Kounev S.; Zschaler S., Model-based throughput prediction in data center networks. In: 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Measurements & Networking (M&N). IEEE; 2013: 167–172.
- [11] Gao K.; Zhang J.; Yang Y.R.; Bi J., Prophet: Fast, Accurate Throughput Prediction with Reactive Flows. In: International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM18); 2018: 1–9.
- [12] Mirza M.; Springborn K.; Banerjee S.; Barford P.; Blodgett M.; Zhu X., On The Accuracy of TCP Throughput Prediction for Opportunistic Wireless Networks. In: 2009 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. IEEE; 2009: 1–9.
- [13] Kandasamy S.; Morla R.; Ramos P.; Ricardo M., Predicting throughput in IEEE 802.11 based wireless networks using directional antenna. Wireless Networks, 2017: 1–18.
- [14] Lu D.; Qiao Y.; Dinda P.A.; Bustamante F.E., Characterizing and Predicting TCP Throughput on the Wide Area Network. 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’05), 2005: 414–424.
- [15] Mirza M.; Sommers J.; Barford P.; Zhu X., A machine learning approach to TCP throughput prediction. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2010, 18(4): 1026–1039.
- [16] Demir A.K.; Abut F., Data-Driven Modelling and Prediction of CoAP Throughput in A Grid Network Topology. In: Cilicia International Symposium on Engineering and Technology; 2018: 69–73.
- [17] Kovatsch M.; Lanter M.; Shelby Z., Californium: Scalable cloud services for the Internet of Things with CoAP. In: 2014 International Conference on the Internet of Things (IoT). IEEE; 2014: 1–6.
- [18] Kovatsch M.; Duquennoy S.; Dunkels A., A Low-Power CoAP for Contiki. In: 2011 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems. IEEE; 2011: 855–860.
- [19] Dunkels A.; Gronvall B.; Voigt T., Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In: 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks. IEEE (Comput. Soc.); 2004: 455–462.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Destek |
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- [1] Atzori L.; Iera A.; Morabito G., The Internet of Things: A survey. Computer Networks, 2010, 54(15): 2787–2805.
- [2] Bandyopadhyay D.; Sen J., Internet of Things: Applications and Challenges in Technology and Standardization. Wireless Personal Communications, 2011, 58(1): 49–69.
- [3] Li S.; Xu L. Da; Zhao S., The internet of things: a survey. Information Systems Frontiers, 2015, 17(2): 243–259.
- [4] Shelby Z.; Hartke K.; Bormann C., Constrained Application Protocol. RFC 7252. 2014. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252.
- [5] Betzler A.; Gomez C.; Demirkol I.; Paradells J., CoAP congestion control for the internet of things. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2016, 54(7): 154–160.
- [6] Bormann C.; Betzler A.; Gomez C.; Demirkol I., CoAP Simple Congestion Control/Advanced. 2018. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-cocoa-03.
- [7] Betzler A.; Gomez C.; Demirkol I.; Paradells J., CoCoA+: An advanced congestion control mechanism for CoAP. Ad Hoc Networks, 2015, 33: 126–139.
- [8] Liu Y.; Lee J.Y.B., An Empirical Study of Throughput Prediction in Mobile Data Networks. In: 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). IEEE; 2015: 1–6.
- [9] Samba A.; Busnel Y.; Blanc A.; Dooze P.; Simon G., Instantaneous throughput prediction in cellular networks: Which information is needed? In: 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM). IEEE; 2017: 624–627.
- [10] Rygielski P.; Kounev S.; Zschaler S., Model-based throughput prediction in data center networks. In: 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Measurements & Networking (M&N). IEEE; 2013: 167–172.
- [11] Gao K.; Zhang J.; Yang Y.R.; Bi J., Prophet: Fast, Accurate Throughput Prediction with Reactive Flows. In: International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM18); 2018: 1–9.
- [12] Mirza M.; Springborn K.; Banerjee S.; Barford P.; Blodgett M.; Zhu X., On The Accuracy of TCP Throughput Prediction for Opportunistic Wireless Networks. In: 2009 6th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks. IEEE; 2009: 1–9.
- [13] Kandasamy S.; Morla R.; Ramos P.; Ricardo M., Predicting throughput in IEEE 802.11 based wireless networks using directional antenna. Wireless Networks, 2017: 1–18.
- [14] Lu D.; Qiao Y.; Dinda P.A.; Bustamante F.E., Characterizing and Predicting TCP Throughput on the Wide Area Network. 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’05), 2005: 414–424.
- [15] Mirza M.; Sommers J.; Barford P.; Zhu X., A machine learning approach to TCP throughput prediction. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2010, 18(4): 1026–1039.
- [16] Demir A.K.; Abut F., Data-Driven Modelling and Prediction of CoAP Throughput in A Grid Network Topology. In: Cilicia International Symposium on Engineering and Technology; 2018: 69–73.
- [17] Kovatsch M.; Lanter M.; Shelby Z., Californium: Scalable cloud services for the Internet of Things with CoAP. In: 2014 International Conference on the Internet of Things (IoT). IEEE; 2014: 1–6.
- [18] Kovatsch M.; Duquennoy S.; Dunkels A., A Low-Power CoAP for Contiki. In: 2011 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems. IEEE; 2011: 855–860.
- [19] Dunkels A.; Gronvall B.; Voigt T., Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In: 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks. IEEE (Comput. Soc.); 2004: 455–462.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ocak 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 |
