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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 172 - 177, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Necas J, Bartosikova L, Brauner P, Kolář J. Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan): A review. Veterinarni Medicina 2008;53. Referans2 Embery G, Oliver WM, Stanbury JB, Purvis JA. The electrophoretic detection of acidic glycosaminoglycans in human gingival sulcus fluid. Arch Oral Biol 1982;27(2):177-9. Referans3 Fraser JR, Laurent TC, Laurent UB. Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. J Intern Med 1997;242(1):27-33. Referans4 Pogrel MA, Lowe M-A, Stern R. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in human saliva. Archives of Oral Biology 1996;41(7):667-71. Referans5 Pirnazar P, Wolinsky L, Nachnani S, Haake S, Pilloni A, Bernard G. Bacteriostatic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid. Journal of periodontology 1999;70:370-4. Referans6 Laurent TC, Laurent UB, Fraser JR. Functions of hyaluronan. Ann Rheum Dis 1995;54(5):429-32. Referans7 Kang JH, Kim YY, Chang JY, Kho HS. Influences of hyaluronic acid on the anticandidal activities of lysozyme and the peroxidase system. Oral Dis 2011;17(6):577-83. Referans8 Sasaki T, Watanabe C. Stimulation of osteoinduction in bone wound healing by high-molecular hyaluronic acid. Bone 1995;16(1):9-15. Referans9 Kawano M, Ariyoshi W, Iwanaga K, Okinaga T, Habu M, Yoshioka I, et al. Mechanism involved in enhancement of osteoblast differentiation by hyaluronic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011;405(4):575-80. Referans10 Dahiya P, Kamal R. Hyaluronic Acid: a boon in periodontal therapy. N Am J Med Sci 2013;5(5):309-15. Referans11 Deed R, Rooney P, Kumar P, Norton J, Smith J, Freemont A. Early-response gene signalling is induced by angiogenic oligosaccharides of hyaluronan in endothelial cells. Inhibition by non-angiogenic, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer 1997;71:251-6. Referans12 Ijuin C, Ohno S, Tanimoto K, Honda K, Tanne K. Regulation of hyaluronan synthase gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma. Arch Oral Biol 2001;46(8):767-72. Referans13 Bartold PM, Wiebkin OW, Thonard JC. Glycosaminoglycans of human gingival epithelium and connective tissue. Connect Tissue Res 1981;9(2):99-106. Referans14 Bartold PM, Page RC. Hyaluronic acid synthesized by fibroblasts cultured from normal and chronically inflamed human gingivae. Coll Relat Res 1986;6(4):365-77. Referans15 Bartold PM. Proteoglycans of the periodontium: structure, role and function. J Periodontal Res 1987;22(6):431-44. Referans16 Waddington RJ, Embery G, Last KS. Glycosaminoglycans of human alveolar bone. Arch Oral Biol 1989;34(7):587-9. Referans17 Giannobile WV, Riviere GR, Gorski JP, Tira DE, Cobb CM. Glycosaminoglycans and periodontal disease: analysis of GCF by safranin O. J Periodontol 1993;64(3):186-90. Referans18 Shimabukuro Y, Ichikawa T, Takayama S, Yamada S, Takedachi M, Terakura M, et al. Fibroblast growth factor-2 regulates the synthesis of hyaluronan by human periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Physiol 2005;203(3):557-63. Referans19 Sukumar S, Drizhal I. Hyaluronic acid and periodontitis. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2007;50(4):225-8. Referans20 Jentsch H, Pomowski R, Kundt G, Gocke R. Treatment of gingivitis with hyaluronan. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(2):159-64. Referans21 Pistorius A, Martin M, Willershausen B, Rockmann P. The clinical application of hyaluronic acid in gingivitis therapy. Quintessence Int 2005;36(7-8):531-8. Referans22 Xu Y, Hofling K, Fimmers R, Frentzen M, Jervoe-Storm PM. Clinical and microbiological effects of topical subgingival application of hyaluronic acid gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2004;75(8):1114-8. Referans23 Briguglio F, Briguglio E, Briguglio R, Cafiero C, Isola G. Treatment of infrabony periodontal defects using a resorbable biopolymer of hyaluronic acid: a randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int 2013;44(3):231-40. Referans24 Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Dahaba MA, Aboul-Ela S, Darhous MS. Local application of hyaluronan gel in conjunction with periodontal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16(4):1229-36. Referans25 Vanden Bogaerde L. Treatment of infrabony periodontal defects with esterified hyaluronic acid: clinical report of 19 consecutive lesions. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2009;29(3):315-23. Referans26 Bertl K, Bruckmann C, Isberg PE, Klinge B, Gotfredsen K, Stavropoulos A. Hyaluronan in non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2015;42(3):236-46. Referans27 Heasman L, Stacey F, Preshaw PM, McCracken GI, Hepburn S, Heasman PA. The effect of smoking on periodontal treatment response: a review of clinical evidence. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33(4):241-53. Referans28 Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2005;37:124-37. Referans29 Mullally BH, Breen B, Linden GJ. Smoking and patterns of bone loss in early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999;70(4):394-401. Referans30 Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol 2018;89 Suppl 1:S173-S82. Referans31 Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy. Ii. Correlation between Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Condtion. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-35. Referans32 Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy. I. Prevalence and Severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:533-51. Referans33 Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. I. Moderately advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1981;8(1):57-72. Referans34 Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. II. Severely advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1984;11(1):63-76. Referans35 Loos B, Nylund K, Claffey N, Egelberg J. Clinical effects of root debridement in molar and non-molar teeth. A 2-year follow-up. J Clin Periodontol 1989;16(8):498-504. Referans36 Ah MK, Johnson GK, Kaldahl WB, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. The effect of smoking on the response to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21(2):91-7. Referans37 Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. Levels of cigarette consumption and response to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1996;67(7):675-81. Referans38 Kinane DF, Radvar M. The effect of smoking on mechanical and antimicrobial periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1997;68(5):467-72. Referans39 Trombelli L, Cho KS, Kim CK, Scapoli C, Scabbia A. Impaired healing response of periodontal furcation defects following flap debridement surgery in smokers. A controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(1):81-7. Referans40 Machion L, Andia DC, Benatti BB, Carvalho MD, Nogueira-Filho GR, Casati MZ, et al. Locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of smokers: a clinical study. J Periodontol 2004;75(3):464-9. Referans41 Machion L, Andia DC, Lecio G, Nociti FH, Jr., Casati MZ, Sallum AW, et al. Locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of smokers: a 2-year follow-up. J Periodontol 2006;77(4):606-13. Referans42 Machion L, Andia DC, Saito D, Klein MI, Goncalves RB, Casati MZ, et al. Microbiological changes with the use of locally delivered doxycycline in the periodontal treatment of smokers. J Periodontol 2004;75(12):1600-4. Referans43 Eick S, Renatus A, Heinicke M, Pfister W, Stratul SI, Jentsch H. Hyaluronic Acid as an adjunct after scaling and root planing: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2013;84(7):941-9. Referans44 Johannsen A, Tellefsen M, Wikesjo U, Johannsen G. Local delivery of hyaluronan as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009;80(9):1493-7. Referans45 Engstrom PE, Shi XQ, Tronje G, Larsson A, Welander U, Frithiof L, et al. The effect of hyaluronan on bone and soft tissue and immune response in wound healing. J Periodontol 2001;72(9):1192-200. Referans46 Griffiths GS. Formation, collection and significance of gingival crevice fluid. Periodontol 2000 2003;31:32-42. Referans47 Goodson JM. Gingival crevice fluid flow. Periodontol 2000 2003;31:43-54. Referans48 Gomes SC, Piccinin FB, Oppermann RV, Susin C, Marcantonio RA. The effect of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid volume during the treatment of gingivitis. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2009;22(3):201-6. Referans49 Kanmaz B, Lappin DF, Nile CJ, Buduneli N. Effects of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis stage III or IV, and grade C. Journal of periodontology 2019.

Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 172 - 177, 29.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327

Öz

Objective: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of adjunctive hyaluronic acid (HA) application to non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume in smoking patients with stage III and grade C periodontitis.


Methods: Records of patients who underwent previously NSPT with or without HA gel application were reviewed. The clinical examinations and radiographs of patients, which were collected, are used as data. At baseline, 1 and 3 months, periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), and GCF volume were assessed.


Results: Total 20 patients (male/female: 15/5) were included in the study who met the eligibility criteria. For 10 of these patients only NSPT was performed (Control group), the other 10 patients received NSPT with HA gel application (Test group). Intra‐group differences in both groups were significant in periodontal parameters: PI (both, p<0.001), GI (both, p<0.001), BOP (both, p<0.001), PD (both, p<0.05) and CAL (both, p<0.05); and in GCF volume (both, p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were determined between the treatment groups at any assessment time periods in any outcomes (all, p>0.05) nor in the changes (∆) with time (all, p>0.05).


Conclusion: Compared to NSPT alone, the application of HA as adjunct to NSPT did not have any additional clinical effectiveness in smokers having periodontitis.

Kaynakça

  • Referans1 Necas J, Bartosikova L, Brauner P, Kolář J. Hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronan): A review. Veterinarni Medicina 2008;53. Referans2 Embery G, Oliver WM, Stanbury JB, Purvis JA. The electrophoretic detection of acidic glycosaminoglycans in human gingival sulcus fluid. Arch Oral Biol 1982;27(2):177-9. Referans3 Fraser JR, Laurent TC, Laurent UB. Hyaluronan: its nature, distribution, functions and turnover. J Intern Med 1997;242(1):27-33. Referans4 Pogrel MA, Lowe M-A, Stern R. Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in human saliva. Archives of Oral Biology 1996;41(7):667-71. Referans5 Pirnazar P, Wolinsky L, Nachnani S, Haake S, Pilloni A, Bernard G. Bacteriostatic Effects of Hyaluronic Acid. Journal of periodontology 1999;70:370-4. Referans6 Laurent TC, Laurent UB, Fraser JR. Functions of hyaluronan. Ann Rheum Dis 1995;54(5):429-32. Referans7 Kang JH, Kim YY, Chang JY, Kho HS. Influences of hyaluronic acid on the anticandidal activities of lysozyme and the peroxidase system. Oral Dis 2011;17(6):577-83. Referans8 Sasaki T, Watanabe C. Stimulation of osteoinduction in bone wound healing by high-molecular hyaluronic acid. Bone 1995;16(1):9-15. Referans9 Kawano M, Ariyoshi W, Iwanaga K, Okinaga T, Habu M, Yoshioka I, et al. Mechanism involved in enhancement of osteoblast differentiation by hyaluronic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011;405(4):575-80. Referans10 Dahiya P, Kamal R. Hyaluronic Acid: a boon in periodontal therapy. N Am J Med Sci 2013;5(5):309-15. Referans11 Deed R, Rooney P, Kumar P, Norton J, Smith J, Freemont A. Early-response gene signalling is induced by angiogenic oligosaccharides of hyaluronan in endothelial cells. Inhibition by non-angiogenic, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer 1997;71:251-6. Referans12 Ijuin C, Ohno S, Tanimoto K, Honda K, Tanne K. Regulation of hyaluronan synthase gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma. Arch Oral Biol 2001;46(8):767-72. Referans13 Bartold PM, Wiebkin OW, Thonard JC. Glycosaminoglycans of human gingival epithelium and connective tissue. Connect Tissue Res 1981;9(2):99-106. Referans14 Bartold PM, Page RC. Hyaluronic acid synthesized by fibroblasts cultured from normal and chronically inflamed human gingivae. Coll Relat Res 1986;6(4):365-77. Referans15 Bartold PM. Proteoglycans of the periodontium: structure, role and function. J Periodontal Res 1987;22(6):431-44. Referans16 Waddington RJ, Embery G, Last KS. Glycosaminoglycans of human alveolar bone. Arch Oral Biol 1989;34(7):587-9. Referans17 Giannobile WV, Riviere GR, Gorski JP, Tira DE, Cobb CM. Glycosaminoglycans and periodontal disease: analysis of GCF by safranin O. J Periodontol 1993;64(3):186-90. Referans18 Shimabukuro Y, Ichikawa T, Takayama S, Yamada S, Takedachi M, Terakura M, et al. Fibroblast growth factor-2 regulates the synthesis of hyaluronan by human periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Physiol 2005;203(3):557-63. Referans19 Sukumar S, Drizhal I. Hyaluronic acid and periodontitis. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2007;50(4):225-8. Referans20 Jentsch H, Pomowski R, Kundt G, Gocke R. Treatment of gingivitis with hyaluronan. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(2):159-64. Referans21 Pistorius A, Martin M, Willershausen B, Rockmann P. The clinical application of hyaluronic acid in gingivitis therapy. Quintessence Int 2005;36(7-8):531-8. Referans22 Xu Y, Hofling K, Fimmers R, Frentzen M, Jervoe-Storm PM. Clinical and microbiological effects of topical subgingival application of hyaluronic acid gel adjunctive to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2004;75(8):1114-8. Referans23 Briguglio F, Briguglio E, Briguglio R, Cafiero C, Isola G. Treatment of infrabony periodontal defects using a resorbable biopolymer of hyaluronic acid: a randomized clinical trial. Quintessence Int 2013;44(3):231-40. Referans24 Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Dahaba MA, Aboul-Ela S, Darhous MS. Local application of hyaluronan gel in conjunction with periodontal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16(4):1229-36. Referans25 Vanden Bogaerde L. Treatment of infrabony periodontal defects with esterified hyaluronic acid: clinical report of 19 consecutive lesions. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2009;29(3):315-23. Referans26 Bertl K, Bruckmann C, Isberg PE, Klinge B, Gotfredsen K, Stavropoulos A. Hyaluronan in non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2015;42(3):236-46. Referans27 Heasman L, Stacey F, Preshaw PM, McCracken GI, Hepburn S, Heasman PA. The effect of smoking on periodontal treatment response: a review of clinical evidence. J Clin Periodontol 2006;33(4):241-53. Referans28 Labriola A, Needleman I, Moles DR. Systematic review of the effect of smoking on nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2005;37:124-37. Referans29 Mullally BH, Breen B, Linden GJ. Smoking and patterns of bone loss in early-onset periodontitis. J Periodontol 1999;70(4):394-401. Referans30 Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol 2018;89 Suppl 1:S173-S82. Referans31 Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy. Ii. Correlation between Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Condtion. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-35. Referans32 Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy. I. Prevalence and Severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:533-51. Referans33 Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. I. Moderately advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1981;8(1):57-72. Referans34 Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. II. Severely advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1984;11(1):63-76. Referans35 Loos B, Nylund K, Claffey N, Egelberg J. Clinical effects of root debridement in molar and non-molar teeth. A 2-year follow-up. J Clin Periodontol 1989;16(8):498-504. Referans36 Ah MK, Johnson GK, Kaldahl WB, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. The effect of smoking on the response to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21(2):91-7. Referans37 Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. Levels of cigarette consumption and response to periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1996;67(7):675-81. Referans38 Kinane DF, Radvar M. The effect of smoking on mechanical and antimicrobial periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 1997;68(5):467-72. Referans39 Trombelli L, Cho KS, Kim CK, Scapoli C, Scabbia A. Impaired healing response of periodontal furcation defects following flap debridement surgery in smokers. A controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(1):81-7. Referans40 Machion L, Andia DC, Benatti BB, Carvalho MD, Nogueira-Filho GR, Casati MZ, et al. Locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of smokers: a clinical study. J Periodontol 2004;75(3):464-9. Referans41 Machion L, Andia DC, Lecio G, Nociti FH, Jr., Casati MZ, Sallum AW, et al. Locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of smokers: a 2-year follow-up. J Periodontol 2006;77(4):606-13. Referans42 Machion L, Andia DC, Saito D, Klein MI, Goncalves RB, Casati MZ, et al. Microbiological changes with the use of locally delivered doxycycline in the periodontal treatment of smokers. J Periodontol 2004;75(12):1600-4. Referans43 Eick S, Renatus A, Heinicke M, Pfister W, Stratul SI, Jentsch H. Hyaluronic Acid as an adjunct after scaling and root planing: a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2013;84(7):941-9. Referans44 Johannsen A, Tellefsen M, Wikesjo U, Johannsen G. Local delivery of hyaluronan as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2009;80(9):1493-7. Referans45 Engstrom PE, Shi XQ, Tronje G, Larsson A, Welander U, Frithiof L, et al. The effect of hyaluronan on bone and soft tissue and immune response in wound healing. J Periodontol 2001;72(9):1192-200. Referans46 Griffiths GS. Formation, collection and significance of gingival crevice fluid. Periodontol 2000 2003;31:32-42. Referans47 Goodson JM. Gingival crevice fluid flow. Periodontol 2000 2003;31:43-54. Referans48 Gomes SC, Piccinin FB, Oppermann RV, Susin C, Marcantonio RA. The effect of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid volume during the treatment of gingivitis. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2009;22(3):201-6. Referans49 Kanmaz B, Lappin DF, Nile CJ, Buduneli N. Effects of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis stage III or IV, and grade C. Journal of periodontology 2019.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Hafize Öztürk Özener 0000-0002-2156-584X

Ömer Birkan Ağralı 0000-0003-4472-8370

Hatice Selin Yıldırım 0000-0001-5650-3107

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk Özener, H., Ağralı, Ö. B., & Yıldırım, H. S. (2020). Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 10(2), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327
AMA Öztürk Özener H, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS. Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. Haziran 2020;10(2):172-177. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327
Chicago Öztürk Özener, Hafize, Ömer Birkan Ağralı, ve Hatice Selin Yıldırım. “Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel As an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers With Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 10, sy. 2 (Haziran 2020): 172-77. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327.
EndNote Öztürk Özener H, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS (01 Haziran 2020) Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 10 2 172–177.
IEEE H. Öztürk Özener, Ö. B. Ağralı, ve H. S. Yıldırım, “Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 172–177, 2020, doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327.
ISNAD Öztürk Özener, Hafize vd. “Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel As an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers With Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 10/2 (Haziran 2020), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327.
JAMA Öztürk Özener H, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS. Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2020;10:172–177.
MLA Öztürk Özener, Hafize vd. “Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel As an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers With Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, c. 10, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 172-7, doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.709327.
Vancouver Öztürk Özener H, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS. Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Gel as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Smokers with Periodontitis: A Retrospective Case Control Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2020;10(2):172-7.

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