Öz
Wood Pellet, one of the biomass fuels in renewable energy sources, stands out among all renewable energy sources with it’s ease of production technology, environmental friendliness and similar features. Wood pellets, which are fuel pellets of 6-10 mm diameter, which are obtained from the drying of wood waste, milling it into sawdust and then compressing it with high pressure, have become economically comparable with fossil fuels today. Wood pellet trade worldwide increased by more than 21% in 2018 compared to the previous year, reaching a trade volume of 22.3 million tons. The biggest pellet exporter countries in the world since 2012 are USA, Canada, Vietnam, Latvia and Russia respectively. These countries accounted for approximately 69% of the world export volume in 2018. Except for five countries, they continue to work on alternative energy sources and especially the production, technology, use and properties of wood pellets in China. In Turkey, there are studies on the production of wood pellets and the economy. However, these studies need to be updated both in terms of production and economics. In the study, analyzed the current data with the potential that Turkey has developed proposals for the use of this potential.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bayramoğlu M.M. & Toksoy D., (2015). Economic evaluation of wood pellet as a renewable energy source in Turkey, In: Efe, R., Curebal, İ., Bizzarri, C. & Nyussupova, G. (Ed), Environment and ecology at the beginning of the 21st century. 125-137 p, St.Klıment Ohrıdskı Unıversıty Press, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Bilgen, S., Keleş, S., Kaygusuz, A., Sarı A. & Kaygusuz, K. (2008). Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development: A case study in Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12 (2), 372-396.
- Bilgen S. (2014). Structure and environmental impact of global energy consumption. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 38, 890-902.
- Demirbaş A. & Şahin A. (1998). Evaluation of biomass residue 1. briquetting waste paper and wheat straw mixtures. Fuel Processing Technology, 55 (2), 175-183.
- Demirbaş, A. (2006). Turkey’s renewable energy facilities in the near future. Energy Sources, Part A, 28 (6), 527–536.
- Demirbaş A., Pehlivan E. & Altun T. (2006). Potential evolution of Turkish agricultural residues as bio-gas, bio-char and bio-oil sources. Int J Hydrog Energy, 31, 613-620.
- Ediger V.Ş. & Kentel E. (1999). Renewable energy potential as an alternative to fossil fuels in Turkey. Energy Convers Manag,, 40, 743-755.
- Ernst & Young (2012). Renewable energy country attractiveness indices. London, UK., 44p.
- ETKB, (2020). Ulusal Enerji Denge Tabloları, https://www.eigm.gov.tr/tr-TR/Denge-Tablolari/Denge-Tablolari. (03 Mart 2020).
- IEA, (2020). İstatistik Verileri. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics. (03 Mart 2020).
- IRENA, (2019). Renewable Energy Statistics 2019, The International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. ISBN 978-92-9260-137-9.
- İlleez, B. (2020). Türkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi. Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü 2020, TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, 317- 344.
- Jagers, J., Spayz, P., Wirtz, S. & Scherer, V. (2020). Analysis of wood pellet degradation characteristics based on single particle impact tests. Powder Technology (ın press).
- Junginger, M., Van Dame, J., Zarrilli, S., Mohamed F.A., Marchal, D. & Faaij, A. (2011). Opportunities and Barriers For International Bioenergy Trade. Energy Policy, 39 (4), 2028–2042.
- Junginger, H.M., Mai‐Moulin, T., Daioglou, V., Fritsche U., et al. (2019). The future of biomass and bioenergy deployment and trade: a synthesis of 15 years IEA Bioenergy Task 40 on sustainable bioenergy trade. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 13 (2), 247-266.
- Stewart, A. (2006). Small-Scale Pellet Production. Presented At: Wood Pellet Fuel Production, Milton Keynes.
- Karayılmazlar S., Saraçoğlu N., Çabuk Y. & Kurt R. (2011). Using of biomass in energy generation in Turkey. Bartın For. Fac. Mag., 13, 19-75.
- Kaygusuz K. (2002). Sustainable development of hydropower and biomass energy in Turkey. Energy Convers Manag,, 43, 1099-1120.
- Kaygusuz K. (2010). Energy services and energy poverty for rural regions. Energy Sources Part B, 5, 424-433.
- Kaygusuz K., Toksoy D. & Bayramoğlu, M.M. (2017). Global utilization of wood pellet for residential heating. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 6 (2), 688-697.
- MEF, (2009). Forest biomass situation for renewable energy in Turkey. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara, 2009.
- Melikoğlu M. (2013). Vision 2023: Feasibility analysis of Turkey׳s renewable energy projection. Renew Energy, 50, 570-575.
- Öztürk, M., Saba, N., Altay, V., Iqbal R. et al. (2017). Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1285 – 1302.
- Saraçoğlu, N. (2010). Küresel İklim Değişimi, Biyoenerji ve Enerji Ormancılığı, Efil Yayınevi, Ankara, Türkiye, 300p.
- SSI, (1996). State Statistics Institute. Environmental Statistics, Environment Inventory for Municipalities, Ankara, Turkey.
- Sürmen, Y. (2002). The necessity of biomass energy for Turkish economy. Energy Education Science and Technology, 10, 19-26.
- Taşdemiroğlu, E. (1986). Biomass energy potential in Turkey. Biomass, 11 (1986), 81-89.
- Toklu, E. (2017). Biomass energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 107, 235-244. WECTNC, (1996). Turkey Energy Report-1995. World Energy Council-Turkish National Committee, Ankara.
- WEO, (2019). Global Bıoenergy Statıstıcs 2019. World Bioenergy Association, Chicago, USA, 58p.
Öz
Odun Peleti, üretim teknolojisi kolaylığı, çevre dostu olması ve benzeri özellikleri ile tüm yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları içinde öne çıkmaktadır. Odun artıklarının kurutulup, öğütülerek talaş haline getirildikten sonra yüksek basınçla sıkıştırılmasından elde edilen 6-10 mm çapındaki yakıt topakları olan odun peletin ekonomik açıdan günümüzde fosil yakıtlar ile karşılaştırılabilir konuma gelmiştir. Dünya genelinde odun peleti ticareti, bir önceki yıla kıyasla 2018’de % 21'den fazla artış göstermiş olup 22.3 milyon tonluk ticaret hacmine ulaşmıştır. Dünya’da 2012 yılından itibaren en büyük pelet ihracatçısı ülkeler sırasıyla ABD, Kanada, Vietnam, Letonya ve Rusya’dır. Bu ülkeler 2018 yılında dünya ihracat hacminin yaklaşık% 69’unu oluşturmuşlardır. Beş ülke haricinde Çin’de alternatif enerji kaynakları ve özellikle odun peletinin üretimi, teknolojisi, kullanımı ve özellikleri üzerine çalışmalarını devam ettirmektedirler. Türkiye’de ise odun peletinin üretimi ve ekonomisi üzerine çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu çalışmalar gerek üretim gerekse ekonomik açıdan güncellenmesi gerekmektedir. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin sahip olduğu potansiyel güncel veriler ile analiz edilerek bu potansiyelin kullanımına yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bayramoğlu M.M. & Toksoy D., (2015). Economic evaluation of wood pellet as a renewable energy source in Turkey, In: Efe, R., Curebal, İ., Bizzarri, C. & Nyussupova, G. (Ed), Environment and ecology at the beginning of the 21st century. 125-137 p, St.Klıment Ohrıdskı Unıversıty Press, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Bilgen, S., Keleş, S., Kaygusuz, A., Sarı A. & Kaygusuz, K. (2008). Global warming and renewable energy sources for sustainable development: A case study in Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 12 (2), 372-396.
- Bilgen S. (2014). Structure and environmental impact of global energy consumption. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 38, 890-902.
- Demirbaş A. & Şahin A. (1998). Evaluation of biomass residue 1. briquetting waste paper and wheat straw mixtures. Fuel Processing Technology, 55 (2), 175-183.
- Demirbaş, A. (2006). Turkey’s renewable energy facilities in the near future. Energy Sources, Part A, 28 (6), 527–536.
- Demirbaş A., Pehlivan E. & Altun T. (2006). Potential evolution of Turkish agricultural residues as bio-gas, bio-char and bio-oil sources. Int J Hydrog Energy, 31, 613-620.
- Ediger V.Ş. & Kentel E. (1999). Renewable energy potential as an alternative to fossil fuels in Turkey. Energy Convers Manag,, 40, 743-755.
- Ernst & Young (2012). Renewable energy country attractiveness indices. London, UK., 44p.
- ETKB, (2020). Ulusal Enerji Denge Tabloları, https://www.eigm.gov.tr/tr-TR/Denge-Tablolari/Denge-Tablolari. (03 Mart 2020).
- IEA, (2020). İstatistik Verileri. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics. (03 Mart 2020).
- IRENA, (2019). Renewable Energy Statistics 2019, The International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. ISBN 978-92-9260-137-9.
- İlleez, B. (2020). Türkiye’de Biyokütle Enerjisi. Türkiye’nin Enerji Görünümü 2020, TMMOB Makina Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara, 317- 344.
- Jagers, J., Spayz, P., Wirtz, S. & Scherer, V. (2020). Analysis of wood pellet degradation characteristics based on single particle impact tests. Powder Technology (ın press).
- Junginger, M., Van Dame, J., Zarrilli, S., Mohamed F.A., Marchal, D. & Faaij, A. (2011). Opportunities and Barriers For International Bioenergy Trade. Energy Policy, 39 (4), 2028–2042.
- Junginger, H.M., Mai‐Moulin, T., Daioglou, V., Fritsche U., et al. (2019). The future of biomass and bioenergy deployment and trade: a synthesis of 15 years IEA Bioenergy Task 40 on sustainable bioenergy trade. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 13 (2), 247-266.
- Stewart, A. (2006). Small-Scale Pellet Production. Presented At: Wood Pellet Fuel Production, Milton Keynes.
- Karayılmazlar S., Saraçoğlu N., Çabuk Y. & Kurt R. (2011). Using of biomass in energy generation in Turkey. Bartın For. Fac. Mag., 13, 19-75.
- Kaygusuz K. (2002). Sustainable development of hydropower and biomass energy in Turkey. Energy Convers Manag,, 43, 1099-1120.
- Kaygusuz K. (2010). Energy services and energy poverty for rural regions. Energy Sources Part B, 5, 424-433.
- Kaygusuz K., Toksoy D. & Bayramoğlu, M.M. (2017). Global utilization of wood pellet for residential heating. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 6 (2), 688-697.
- MEF, (2009). Forest biomass situation for renewable energy in Turkey. Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ankara, 2009.
- Melikoğlu M. (2013). Vision 2023: Feasibility analysis of Turkey׳s renewable energy projection. Renew Energy, 50, 570-575.
- Öztürk, M., Saba, N., Altay, V., Iqbal R. et al. (2017). Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1285 – 1302.
- Saraçoğlu, N. (2010). Küresel İklim Değişimi, Biyoenerji ve Enerji Ormancılığı, Efil Yayınevi, Ankara, Türkiye, 300p.
- SSI, (1996). State Statistics Institute. Environmental Statistics, Environment Inventory for Municipalities, Ankara, Turkey.
- Sürmen, Y. (2002). The necessity of biomass energy for Turkish economy. Energy Education Science and Technology, 10, 19-26.
- Taşdemiroğlu, E. (1986). Biomass energy potential in Turkey. Biomass, 11 (1986), 81-89.
- Toklu, E. (2017). Biomass energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 107, 235-244. WECTNC, (1996). Turkey Energy Report-1995. World Energy Council-Turkish National Committee, Ankara.
- WEO, (2019). Global Bıoenergy Statıstıcs 2019. World Bioenergy Association, Chicago, USA, 58p.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Aralık 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 5 |
