Derleme
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 427 - 435, 26.12.2021
Öz
Emzirme, maternal ve fetal sağlığının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve iletişimi üzerine olumlu etkileri bulunan beslenme şeklidir. Emzirmenin başlatılması, devamlılığı, emzirme sorunlarının çözümü, öz yeterliliğin artırılması, emzirme oranlarının yükseltilmesinde emzirme eğitim programları etkili olmaktadır. Sağlık ekibi içerisindeki ebe ve hemşireler bakım verici, karar verici, hasta hakları savunuculuğu, danışman ve eğitici rollerini kullanarak prenatal dönemden itibaren gebelik ve postpartum dönemde annelerin emzirme davranışlarını geliştirebilir. Günümüzde emzirme eğitiminde ve motivasyonun arttırılmasında teknoloji kullanımı geleneksel emzirme eğitimine nazaran çok daha fazla ilgi çekmektedir. Ebe, hemşire, hekim tarafından verilen emzirme eğitim programlarında; mesaj, e-posta, video gösterisi, web tabanlı emzirme programları kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Emzirme eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi aşamasında güncel destek programlarının kullanımı yarar sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede; emzirmenin desteklenmesinde hemşire ve ebeler tarafından son yıllarda yaygın olarak kullanılan güncel yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
yok
Proje Numarası
yok
Teşekkür
yok
Kaynakça
- Addicks SH, McNeil DW. (2019). Randomized controlled trial of motivational ınterviewing to support breastfeeding among appalachian women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 48(4), 418-432.
- Ahmed A, Ouzzani M. (2013). Development and assessment of an interactive web-based breastfeeding monitoring system (LACTOR). Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(5), 809-815.
- Ahmed AH, Roumani AM, Szucs K, Zhang L, King D. (2016). The effect of interactive web-based monitoring on breastfeeding exclusivity, intensity, and duration in healthy, term infants after hospital discharge. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 45(2), 143-154.
- Aladağ M, Tezer E. (2016). Akran danışmanlığı nedir? Ne değildir?. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 139-152.
- Arbour M, Mackrain M, Fitzgerald E, Atwood S. (2019). National quality improvement initiative in home visiting services improves breastfeeding initiation and duration. Academic Pediatrics, 19(2), 236-244.
- Assibey-Mensah V, Suter B, Thevenet-Morrison K, Widanka H, Edmunds L, Sekhobo J. ve ark. (2019). Effectiveness of peer counselor support on breastfeeding outcomes in wıc-enrolled women. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(6), 650-657.
- Badaczewski A, Bauman LJ, Blank AE, Dreyer B, Abrams MA, Stein RE. ve ark. (2017). Relationship between Teach-back and patient-centered communication in primary care pediatric encounters. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(7), 1345-1352.
- Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü. Hemşirelik Yönetmeliği 2010. Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2020, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ mevzuatmetin/yonetmelik/7.5.13830-ek-2%20ve% 203.htm.
- Bennett CF, Galloway C, Grassley JS. (2018). Education for WIC peer counselors about breastfeeding the late preterm infant. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(2), 198-202.
- Bensley RJ, Hovis A, Horton KD, Loyo JJ, Bensley KM, Phillips D. ve ark. (2014). Accessibility and preferred use of online Web applications among WIC participants with Internet access. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46(3), S87-S92.
- Cangöl E, Hotun Şahin N. (2017). The effect of a breastfeeding motivation program maintained during pregnancy on supporting breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial. Breastfeeding Medicine, 12(4), 218-226.
- Durmazoğlu G, Okumuş H. (2019). Yenilikçi ve güncel eğitim yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı emzirme eğitimlerinin incelenmesi. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 23-31.
- Erenel AŞ, Eroğlu K. (2005). Doğum sonrası ilk altı ayda ev ziyareti yoluyla desteklenen emzirme eğitimi modelinin etkili emzirme davranışı üzerine etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 43-54.
- Fu ICY, Fong DYT, Heys M, Lee ILY, Sham A, Tarrant M. (2014). Professional breastfeeding support for first‐time mothers: a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(13), 1673-1683.
- Gonzalez-Darias A, Diaz-Gomez NM, Hernandez-Perez C, Rodriguez-Martin S, Aguirre-Jaime A. (2020). ‘Supporting a first-time mother’Assessment of success of a breastfeeding promotion programme. Midwifery, 85, 102687.
- Gölbaşı Z, Tuğut N, Karataş M, Çetin A. (2019). The effect of postpartum breastfeedıng counsellıng supported wıth short message servıces and telephone callıng on breastfeedıng practıces over six months. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 33-41.
- Gleason S, Wilkin MK, Sallack L, Whaley SE, Martinez C, Paolicelli C. (2020). Breastfeeding duration ıs associated with wıc site-level breastfeeding support practices. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7), 680-687.
- Glinkowski W, Pawłowska K, Kozłowska L. (2013). Telehealth and telenursing perception and knowledge among university students of nursing in Poland. Telemedicine and E-Health, 19(7), 523-529.
- Grassley JS, Connor KC, Bond L. (2017). Game-based online antenatal breastfeeding education: A pilot. Applied Nursing Research, 33, 93-95.
- Harris-Luna ML, Badr LK. (2018). Pragmatic trial to evaluate the effect of a promotora telephone intervention on the duration of breastfeeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47(6), 738-748.
- Işık HK, Arça G. (2019). Anne sütü ve emzirmeye ilişkin ebe ve hemşirenin rolü. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 1(3), 221-228.
- İnci FH, Serçekuş P. (2015). Anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili web-tabanlı eğitim materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi, (1), 45-50.
- Kellams AL, Gurka KK, Hornsby PP, Drake E, Riffon M, Gellerson D. ve ark. (2016). The impact of a prenatal education video on rates of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity during the newborn hospital stay in a low-income population. Journal of Human Lactation, 32(1), 152-159.
- Khorshidifard M, Amini M, Dehghani MR, Zaree N, Pishva N, Zarifsanaiey N. (2017). Assessment of breastfeeding education by face to face and small-group education methods in mothers’ self-efficacy in kazeroun health centers in 2015. Women’s Health Bulletin, 4(3), e41919.
- Kul Uçtu A, Özerdoğan N, (2018). Öğrendiğini anlat (teach-back) yöntemiyle verilen emzirme eğitim metodu uygulama rehberi. Ankara, Vize Yayıncılık, s. 5-18.
- Kul Uçtu A, Özerdoğan N. (2020) Emzirme eğitiminde öğrendiğini anlat (teach-back) yönteminin kullanımı. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 162-168.
- Lau Y, Htun TP, Tam WS, Klainin-Yobas P. (2016). Efficacy of e-technologies in improving breastfeeding outcomes among perinatal women: a meta-analysis. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12(3), 381-401.
- Lee YH, Chan GL, Chang HY. (2019). Effects of education and support groups organized by IBCLCs in early postpartum on breastfeeding. Midwifery, 75, 5-11.
- Lewkowitz AK, López JD, Stein RI, Rhoades JS, Schulz RC, Woolfolk CL et al. (2018). Effect of a home-based lifestyle intervention on breastfeeding ınitiation among socioeconomically disadvantaged African American women with overweight or obesity. Breastfeeding Medicine, 13(6), 418- 425.
- Martinez-Brockman JL, Harari N, Segura-Pérez S, Goeschel L, Bozzi V, Pérez-Escamilla R. (2018). Impact of the lactation advice through texting can help (latch) trial on time to first contact and exclusive breastfeeding among WIC participants. Journal Of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(1), 33-42.
- Morony S, Weir KR, Bell KJ, Biggs J, Duncan G, Nutbeam D. ve ark. (2018). A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of nurse-delivered Teach-Back in a consumer telehealth service. Plos One, 13(10), e0206473.
- Quinn EM, Gallagher L, Vrie J. (2019). A qualitative exploration of breastfeeding support groups in Ireland from the women's perspectives. Midwifery, 78, 71-77.
- Rojjanasrirat W, Nelson EL, Wambach KA. (2012). A pilot study of home-based videoconferencing for breastfeeding support. Journal of Human Lactation, 28(4), 464-467.
- Shorey S, Ng YPM, Ng ED, Siew AL, Morelius E, Yoong J. ve ark. (2019). Effectiveness of a technology-based supportive educational parenting program on parental outcomes (part 1): randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), e10816.
- Swerts M, Westhof E, Bogaerts A, Lemiengre J. (2016). Supporting breast-feeding women from the perspective of the midwife: A systematic review of the literature. Midwifery, 37, 32-40.
- Şatır G, Çelik M, Kemhacıoğlu M. (2017). Emzirme döneminde olan annelerin bebek besleme alışkanlıkları ve bunları etkileyen faktörler. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 60-66.
- Şengün F, Üstün B, Bademli K. (2013). Türkiye’de kuram/modele dayalı hemşirelik araştırmalarının incelemesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 132-139. Şimşek MŞ, Çelik A, Akgemci T. (2015) Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış, Konya, Eğitim Yayınevi, s. 59.
- Türkiye Nüfus Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). 2013 Ana Raporu. Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2020, http://www.hips.hacettepe. edu.tr/ tnsa2013/rapor/TNSA_2013_ana_rapor.pdf.
- Türkiye Nüfus Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). 2018 Ana Raporu. Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2020, http://www.hips.hacettepe. edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf.
- Ugurlu M, Yavan T. (2016). The effectiveness of breastfeeding education: An integrative review. Journal of Behavioral Health, 5(4), 182-190.
- Uscher-Pines L, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Bogen DL, Ray KN, Demirci JR, Mehrotra A. ve ark. (2019). Feasibility and effectiveness of telelactation among rural breastfeeding women. Academic Pediatrics, 20(5), 652-659.
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEFa). From the first hour of life. Making the case for ımproved infant and young child feding everywhere 2020. Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020, https://www.unicef.org /press-releases/why-family-friendly-policies-are-critical-increasing-breastfeeding-rates-worldwide.
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEFb). From the first hour of life. Making the case for ımproved ınfant and young child feding everywhere 2020. Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020, https://www.unicef.org/ nutrition/index_100585.html.
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEFc). From the first hour of life. Making the case for ımproved infant and young child feding everywhere 2020. Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020, https://apps.who.int /iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326049/WHO-NMH-NHD-19.22-eng.pdf.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding 2020. Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2020, https://www.who.int/ healthtopics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1.
- Yılmaz C, Taşpınar A. (2016). Doğum sonrası erken dönemde ebeveynlere verilen emzirme eğitiminin bebeklerin ilk altı ay anne sütü alma durumuna etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 25-34.
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 427 - 435, 26.12.2021
Öz
Breastfeeding is a form of nutrition that has positive effects on the protection and development of maternal and fetal health and communication. Breastfeeding training programs are effective in initiating and continuing breastfeeding, solving breastfeeding problems, increasing self-efficacy, and increasing breastfeeding rates. Midwives and nurses within the healthcare team can improve breastfeeding behaviors of the mothers from the prenatal period to the birth and postpartum period by using the roles of caregivers, decision makers, patient rights advocates, counselors and trainers. Today, the use of technology in breastfeeding education and increasing motivation attracts much more attention than traditional breastfeeding education. In breastfeeding training programs given by midwives, nurses and physicians; The use of messages, emails, video shows, web-based breastfeeding programs is increasing. It is beneficial to use up-to-date support programs during the regulation of breastfeeding training programs. In this review; Current approaches that are widely used by nurses and midwives in recent years in supporting breastfeeding have been examined.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
yok
Kaynakça
- Addicks SH, McNeil DW. (2019). Randomized controlled trial of motivational ınterviewing to support breastfeeding among appalachian women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 48(4), 418-432.
- Ahmed A, Ouzzani M. (2013). Development and assessment of an interactive web-based breastfeeding monitoring system (LACTOR). Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17(5), 809-815.
- Ahmed AH, Roumani AM, Szucs K, Zhang L, King D. (2016). The effect of interactive web-based monitoring on breastfeeding exclusivity, intensity, and duration in healthy, term infants after hospital discharge. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 45(2), 143-154.
- Aladağ M, Tezer E. (2016). Akran danışmanlığı nedir? Ne değildir?. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 139-152.
- Arbour M, Mackrain M, Fitzgerald E, Atwood S. (2019). National quality improvement initiative in home visiting services improves breastfeeding initiation and duration. Academic Pediatrics, 19(2), 236-244.
- Assibey-Mensah V, Suter B, Thevenet-Morrison K, Widanka H, Edmunds L, Sekhobo J. ve ark. (2019). Effectiveness of peer counselor support on breastfeeding outcomes in wıc-enrolled women. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(6), 650-657.
- Badaczewski A, Bauman LJ, Blank AE, Dreyer B, Abrams MA, Stein RE. ve ark. (2017). Relationship between Teach-back and patient-centered communication in primary care pediatric encounters. Patient Education and Counseling, 100(7), 1345-1352.
- Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü. Hemşirelik Yönetmeliği 2010. Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2020, https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ mevzuatmetin/yonetmelik/7.5.13830-ek-2%20ve% 203.htm.
- Bennett CF, Galloway C, Grassley JS. (2018). Education for WIC peer counselors about breastfeeding the late preterm infant. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(2), 198-202.
- Bensley RJ, Hovis A, Horton KD, Loyo JJ, Bensley KM, Phillips D. ve ark. (2014). Accessibility and preferred use of online Web applications among WIC participants with Internet access. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46(3), S87-S92.
- Cangöl E, Hotun Şahin N. (2017). The effect of a breastfeeding motivation program maintained during pregnancy on supporting breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial. Breastfeeding Medicine, 12(4), 218-226.
- Durmazoğlu G, Okumuş H. (2019). Yenilikçi ve güncel eğitim yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı emzirme eğitimlerinin incelenmesi. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 23-31.
- Erenel AŞ, Eroğlu K. (2005). Doğum sonrası ilk altı ayda ev ziyareti yoluyla desteklenen emzirme eğitimi modelinin etkili emzirme davranışı üzerine etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 43-54.
- Fu ICY, Fong DYT, Heys M, Lee ILY, Sham A, Tarrant M. (2014). Professional breastfeeding support for first‐time mothers: a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121(13), 1673-1683.
- Gonzalez-Darias A, Diaz-Gomez NM, Hernandez-Perez C, Rodriguez-Martin S, Aguirre-Jaime A. (2020). ‘Supporting a first-time mother’Assessment of success of a breastfeeding promotion programme. Midwifery, 85, 102687.
- Gölbaşı Z, Tuğut N, Karataş M, Çetin A. (2019). The effect of postpartum breastfeedıng counsellıng supported wıth short message servıces and telephone callıng on breastfeedıng practıces over six months. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 33-41.
- Gleason S, Wilkin MK, Sallack L, Whaley SE, Martinez C, Paolicelli C. (2020). Breastfeeding duration ıs associated with wıc site-level breastfeeding support practices. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7), 680-687.
- Glinkowski W, Pawłowska K, Kozłowska L. (2013). Telehealth and telenursing perception and knowledge among university students of nursing in Poland. Telemedicine and E-Health, 19(7), 523-529.
- Grassley JS, Connor KC, Bond L. (2017). Game-based online antenatal breastfeeding education: A pilot. Applied Nursing Research, 33, 93-95.
- Harris-Luna ML, Badr LK. (2018). Pragmatic trial to evaluate the effect of a promotora telephone intervention on the duration of breastfeeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47(6), 738-748.
- Işık HK, Arça G. (2019). Anne sütü ve emzirmeye ilişkin ebe ve hemşirenin rolü. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 1(3), 221-228.
- İnci FH, Serçekuş P. (2015). Anne sütü ve emzirme ile ilgili web-tabanlı eğitim materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi, (1), 45-50.
- Kellams AL, Gurka KK, Hornsby PP, Drake E, Riffon M, Gellerson D. ve ark. (2016). The impact of a prenatal education video on rates of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity during the newborn hospital stay in a low-income population. Journal of Human Lactation, 32(1), 152-159.
- Khorshidifard M, Amini M, Dehghani MR, Zaree N, Pishva N, Zarifsanaiey N. (2017). Assessment of breastfeeding education by face to face and small-group education methods in mothers’ self-efficacy in kazeroun health centers in 2015. Women’s Health Bulletin, 4(3), e41919.
- Kul Uçtu A, Özerdoğan N, (2018). Öğrendiğini anlat (teach-back) yöntemiyle verilen emzirme eğitim metodu uygulama rehberi. Ankara, Vize Yayıncılık, s. 5-18.
- Kul Uçtu A, Özerdoğan N. (2020) Emzirme eğitiminde öğrendiğini anlat (teach-back) yönteminin kullanımı. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 162-168.
- Lau Y, Htun TP, Tam WS, Klainin-Yobas P. (2016). Efficacy of e-technologies in improving breastfeeding outcomes among perinatal women: a meta-analysis. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12(3), 381-401.
- Lee YH, Chan GL, Chang HY. (2019). Effects of education and support groups organized by IBCLCs in early postpartum on breastfeeding. Midwifery, 75, 5-11.
- Lewkowitz AK, López JD, Stein RI, Rhoades JS, Schulz RC, Woolfolk CL et al. (2018). Effect of a home-based lifestyle intervention on breastfeeding ınitiation among socioeconomically disadvantaged African American women with overweight or obesity. Breastfeeding Medicine, 13(6), 418- 425.
- Martinez-Brockman JL, Harari N, Segura-Pérez S, Goeschel L, Bozzi V, Pérez-Escamilla R. (2018). Impact of the lactation advice through texting can help (latch) trial on time to first contact and exclusive breastfeeding among WIC participants. Journal Of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 50(1), 33-42.
- Morony S, Weir KR, Bell KJ, Biggs J, Duncan G, Nutbeam D. ve ark. (2018). A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial of nurse-delivered Teach-Back in a consumer telehealth service. Plos One, 13(10), e0206473.
- Quinn EM, Gallagher L, Vrie J. (2019). A qualitative exploration of breastfeeding support groups in Ireland from the women's perspectives. Midwifery, 78, 71-77.
- Rojjanasrirat W, Nelson EL, Wambach KA. (2012). A pilot study of home-based videoconferencing for breastfeeding support. Journal of Human Lactation, 28(4), 464-467.
- Shorey S, Ng YPM, Ng ED, Siew AL, Morelius E, Yoong J. ve ark. (2019). Effectiveness of a technology-based supportive educational parenting program on parental outcomes (part 1): randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), e10816.
- Swerts M, Westhof E, Bogaerts A, Lemiengre J. (2016). Supporting breast-feeding women from the perspective of the midwife: A systematic review of the literature. Midwifery, 37, 32-40.
- Şatır G, Çelik M, Kemhacıoğlu M. (2017). Emzirme döneminde olan annelerin bebek besleme alışkanlıkları ve bunları etkileyen faktörler. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 60-66.
- Şengün F, Üstün B, Bademli K. (2013). Türkiye’de kuram/modele dayalı hemşirelik araştırmalarının incelemesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 132-139. Şimşek MŞ, Çelik A, Akgemci T. (2015) Davranış Bilimlerine Giriş ve Örgütlerde Davranış, Konya, Eğitim Yayınevi, s. 59.
- Türkiye Nüfus Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). 2013 Ana Raporu. Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2020, http://www.hips.hacettepe. edu.tr/ tnsa2013/rapor/TNSA_2013_ana_rapor.pdf.
- Türkiye Nüfus Sağlık Araştırması (TNSA). 2018 Ana Raporu. Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2020, http://www.hips.hacettepe. edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf.
- Ugurlu M, Yavan T. (2016). The effectiveness of breastfeeding education: An integrative review. Journal of Behavioral Health, 5(4), 182-190.
- Uscher-Pines L, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Bogen DL, Ray KN, Demirci JR, Mehrotra A. ve ark. (2019). Feasibility and effectiveness of telelactation among rural breastfeeding women. Academic Pediatrics, 20(5), 652-659.
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEFa). From the first hour of life. Making the case for ımproved infant and young child feding everywhere 2020. Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020, https://www.unicef.org /press-releases/why-family-friendly-policies-are-critical-increasing-breastfeeding-rates-worldwide.
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEFb). From the first hour of life. Making the case for ımproved ınfant and young child feding everywhere 2020. Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020, https://www.unicef.org/ nutrition/index_100585.html.
- United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEFc). From the first hour of life. Making the case for ımproved infant and young child feding everywhere 2020. Erişim tarihi: 23.06.2020, https://apps.who.int /iris/bitstream/handle/10665/326049/WHO-NMH-NHD-19.22-eng.pdf.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding 2020. Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2020, https://www.who.int/ healthtopics/breastfeeding#tab=tab_1.
- Yılmaz C, Taşpınar A. (2016). Doğum sonrası erken dönemde ebeveynlere verilen emzirme eğitiminin bebeklerin ilk altı ay anne sütü alma durumuna etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 25-34.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hemşirelik |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | yok |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Aralık 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3 |
