Araştırma Makalesi
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Avrupalılaşmada Farklılaşan Eğilimler: Türkiye’nin AB Ulaştırma Politikalarına Uyumu

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 143 - 170, 02.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.601893

Öz

Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye arasında günümüzde yaşanmakta olan sorunlar demokrasiden, ekonomik ilişkilere kadar birçok konuyu etkilemektedir. Krizden çıkış için öne sürülen çözüm önerileri sadece birkaç alanda etkili olabilmiş ve genel daralmayı çözememiştir. Avrupalılaşma konusu ise sürekli gerilemenin yaşandığı bir süreç haline gelmiştir. Olumsuzlukların yaşandığı bu dönemeçte ulaştırma ve ulaştırma alanında entegrasyonun istikrarlı bir şekilde AB’ye yaklaşması ise tuhaf ama olumlu bir gelişmeyi işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışma oldukça sorunlu bir dönemin içerisinde istikrarlı bir şekilde AB’ye entegre olan Türkiye ulaştırma politkalarını ve bütünleşmenin arkasındaki faktörleri ele almıştır. Dönemler içerisinde farklılık arz eden bu faktörler, Avrupalılaşma sürecinin devamını sağlamış ve ayrıca iç siyasi dinamiklerin de süreç için ne kadar önem arz ettiğini tekrar ortaya koymuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “2002 Genel Seçimleri Seçim Beyannamesi”, (2002), accessed July 19, 2017, http://www.akparti.org.tr/site/dosyalar♯!/secim-beyannameleri
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “2007 Genel Seçimleri Seçim Beyannamesi”, (2007).
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “2015 Genel Seçimleri Beyannamesi”, (2015).
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “Başbakan Yıldırım, Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü’nde açıklamalarda bulundu”, (2016), accessed August 06, 2017, http://m.akparti.org/site/haberler/basbakan-yildirim-sultan-selim-koprusunde-incelemelerde-bulundu/85349♯1
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “Parti Programı”, (2018), accessed July 21, 2018, https://www.akparti.org.tr/english/akparti/parti-programme
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “Hedef 2023: Ulaşım ve Haberleşme”, (2018), accessed July 21, 2018, https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/hedefler/ulastirma-ve-haberlesme/11013
  • Akçakoca, Amanda. “EU-Turkey relations 43 years on: train crash or temporary derailment?”, EPC Issue Paper, no. 50, (2006): 1-29.
  • Akgul Acikmese, Sinem. “Cycles of Europeanization in Turkey: The Domestic Impact of EU Conditionality”, UNISCI Discussion Papers, no. 23 (2010): 129-148.
  • AB Haber, “Ulaştırma Bakanı Lütfi Elvan: AB kendi kurallarına uymuyor. AB, Türkiye’ye karşı tarife dışı engeller koymaya çalışıyor”, (2015), accessed March 12, 2017, http://www.abhaber.com/ulastirma-bakan-lutfi-elvan-ab-kendi-kurallarina-uymuyor-ab-turkiyeye-karsi-tarife-disi-engeller-koymaya-calisiyor/
  • Börzel, Tanja and Risse, Thomas. “When Europe Hits Home: Europeanization and Domestic Change”, European Integration Online Papers (EIoP) 4, no. 15, (2000): 1-24.
  • Börzel, Tanja. “Europeanisation Meets Turkey: A case sui generis?” in Nas, Çiğdem and Özer, Yonca (eds.) Turkey and European Union: Processes of Europeanisation. Surrey: Ashgate, 2012.
  • Börzel, Tanja and Soyaltın, Didem. “Europeanization in Turkey: Stretching a concept to its limits?”, KFG Working Paper, no. 36, (2012): 1-22.
  • Celenk, Ayse A. “Europeanization and Administrative Reform: The Case of Turkey”, Mediterranean Politics 14, no. 1, (2009): 41-60.
  • Cumhuriyet, “Kota sorunu AB’ye taşınıyor”, (2009), accessed April 22, 2017,http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/diger/57156/Kota_sorunun_AB_ye_tasiniyor.html
  • Delegation of the European Union to Turkey. “Türkiye’nin Marmaray Projesi için AYB’den 200 Milyon Euro daha”, (2014), accessed May 08, 2017, http://avrupa.info.tr/tr/bilgi-kaynaklari/basin-odasi/press-releases-single-view/ article/tuerkiyenin-marmaray-projesi-icin-aybden-200-milyon-euro-daha.html
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS, Turkey. / Organization / Directorate of Sectoral Policies / .“Chapter 14 - Transport Policy," “Fasıl 15 – Enerji”, (2018) , accessed November 09, 2018, https://www.ab.gov.tr/79_en.html.
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS, Turkey. “Accession Negotiations: Chapter 14- Transport Policy”, (2017), accessed February 04, 2017, http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=86&1=2
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS, Turkey. “Accession Negotiations: Chapter 21- Trans-Europen Networks”, (2017), accessed February 05, 2017, http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=86&1=2
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS / , Turkey. National Programs for the Adoption of the Acquis (NPAA): 2003 NPAA, (2017) accessed September 08, 2018, http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=196&1=2
  • Düzgit, Senem Aydın and Keyman, Fuat. “EU-Turkey relations and stagnation of Turkish democracy”, Global Turkey in Europe: Political, Economic and Foreign Policy Dimensions of Turkey’s Evolving Relationship with the EU Working Papers, no. 2, (2013): 1-24.
  • Ertugal, Ebru. “Europeanization and multi-level governance in Turkey”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 10, no. 1 (2010): 97-110.
  • European Commission. “2001 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession”, 13 November 2001, SEC (2001) 1756, Brussels.
  • European Commission. “Turkey 2013 Progress Report”, 16 October 2013, SWD (2013) 417 final, Brussels.
  • European Commission. “Turkey 2014 Progress Report”, 8 October 2014, SWD (2014) 307 final, Brussels.
  • European Commission. “Regional Policy: IPA Transport Operational Programme in Turkey”, (2017), accessed July 08, 2017, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/ en/funding/ipa/turkey/transport
  • Economic Development Foundation. “Açılmayan Müzakere Fasıllarında ne durumdayız?”, Economic Development Foundation Publications, no. 279, (2016): 1-156.
  • European Economic Community. “Treaty of Rome”, Rome (25 March 1957).
  • General Directorate of Highways, Turkey, “Türkiye TEN-T (Avrupa Transit Taşımacılık Ağı) Karayolu Güzergahları”, (2018), accessed June 08, 2018, http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/KgmAbCalismalari/TurkiyeTEN-TKarayoluGuzergahlari.aspx
  • General Directorate of Highways, Turkey. “AB Kapsamında yürütülen projeler”, (2018), accessedAugust,27,2018,http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/ KgmAbCalismalari/ABKapsamindaYurutulenProjeler.aspx
  • Gerçek, Haluk. “Ulaştırma-Ekonomi İlişkisi Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Ulaştırmanın ve Demiryollarının Geleceği”, 2. Ulusal Demiryolu Kongresi, Ankara (December 1997). Habertürk, “AB’ye destek dibe vurdu”, (2012), accessed July 17, 2017, http://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/769291-abye-destek-dibe-vurdu
  • Heaton, Janet, “Secondary analysis of qualitative data: an overview”, Historical Social Research, 33, no. 3, (2008): 33-45.
  • Heritier, Adrienne and Knill, Christoph. “Differential Responses to European Policies: A Comparison”, MPI Collective Goods Preprint, no. 7, (2000): 1-32.
  • Hürriyet, “İş dünyasından AB’ye tam destek”, (2003), accessed August 11, 2018, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/is-dunyasindan-abye-tam-destek-151518
  • Hurriyet Daily News, “Survey: 68 percent of Turkish people want membership to EU.”, (2002), accessed July 27, 2017, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ survey-68-percent-of-turkish-people-wany-membership-to-eu.aspx?pageID=438& n+survey-68-percent-of-turkish-people-want-membership-to-eu-2002-02-21
  • İzci, Rana. “Europeanisation of Turkish Environmental Policy with special reference to sustainability discourse” in Nas, Çiğdem and Özer, Yonca (eds.) Turkey and the
  • European Union: Processes of Europeanization, Surrey: Ashgate, 2012.
  • Keçeci, Adnan. “Türkiye’de Karayolu Taşımacılığı”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, no. XX, (2014).
  • Kerwer, Dieter and Teutsch, Michael. “Elusive Europeanization: liberalizing road haulage in the European Union”, 8, no. 1 (2001): 124-143.
  • Knill, Christoph and Lehmkuhl, Dirk. “The national impact of European Union regulatory policy: Three Europeanization mechanisms”, European Journal of Political Research, 41, no. 2 (2003): 255-280.
  • Kuşçu, Sinan. “The European Union Transportation Policy and its reflection in Turkey”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, 5, no.9, (2011): 77-91.
  • Ministry of Finance, General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control, Turkey. “İstatistikler: Kuruluşlar itibarıyla bütçe ödenekleri ve harcamaları”, (2016), accessed October 2, 2017, http:// www.bumko.gov.tr/TR,4461/butce-gider-gelir-gerceklesmeleri-1924-2012.html
  • Ministry of Transport, Turkey. “Ulaşımdan İletişime Kalkınan Türkiye-2007”,(2007), accessedJuly,15,2018,http://www.ubak.gov.tr/BLSM_WIYS/ UBAK/tr/yayinlar/20090612_171031_204_1_64.pdf
  • Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication, Turkey. “İstatistiklerle Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme (2003-2011)”, (2011), accessed July 9, 2017, http://www.ubak.gov.tr/BLSM_WIYS/UBAK/tr/doc-xls/20120726_ 162224_204_1_64.pdf
  • Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication, Turkey. “Transport Operational Programme”, (2017), accessed December 01, 2017, http://op.udhb.gov.tr/index.php?lang+En♯
  • Ministry of Transport and Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. “Ulaştırma Ana Planı Stratejisi Sonuç Raporu”, (2005), accessed May 12, 2017, http://www.bebka.org.tr/admin/datas/sayfas/files/15_ulastirma_ana.pdf
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. “Turkey’s Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union”, South European Society & Politics 10, no.1, (2005): 16-30.
  • Noutcheva, Gergana and Düzgit, Senem Aydın. “Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey”, West European Politics 35, no.1, (2012): 59-78.
  • Öniş, Ziya. “Turkey-EU Relations: Beyond the Current Stalemate”, Insight Turkey 10, no. 4, (2008): 35-50.
  • Rasooli, Soora and Timmermans, Harry. Bounded Rational Choice Behaviour: Applications in Transport, Bingley: Emerald Group, 2015.
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank and Sedelmeier, Ulrich. “Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 4, (2004): 669-687.
  • Secretariat General for EU Affairs, Turkey. “Twinning Mekanizması ve Türkiye”, (2017), accessed December 3, 2017, http://www.ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/3_ab_ bakanlihi_yayinlari/twinning_mekanizmasi.pdf
  • Servantie, Deniz. “A Comparative analysis of EU and Turkish Aviation Policies”, IKV Brief, no. 35, (2015): 1-13.
  • Sözcü, “Türkiye’nin Alternatif yolları var”, (2015), accessed November 08, 2018, https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2015/gunun-icinden/turkiyenin-alternatif-yollari-var-758735/ Transport Corridor Europe, Caucasus, Asia-TRACECA, “Technical Assistance: Projects”, (2018), accessed March 12, 2018, http://www.traceca-org.org/en/technical-assistance/?
  • Turkish State Railways. “AB ile Türkiye arasında yüksek hızlı tren projesi hibe anlaşması imzalandı”, (2010), accessed July 06, 2018, http://www.tcdd.org.tr/ ab-ile-turkiye-arasinda-yuksek-hizli-tren-projesi-hibe-anlasmasi-imzalandi+ h205.
  • Ülgen, Sinan and Guerin, Selen Sarısoy and Tekçe, Mahmut, “Ulaştırma Sektörü Raporu” in Ülgen, Sinan (eds.) İkinci Kuşak Yapısal Reformlar: Altyapı Sektörlerinde De-Regülasyon ve Rekabet, Türkiye’nin telekomünikasyon, enerji ve ulaştırma sektörlerinin Avrupa Birliği’ne uyumu ışığında evrimi, İstanbul: EDAM, 2007.
  • Yaman, Sevinç. “Trans Avrupa Ulaşım Şebekelerinin (TEN-T) gelişimi kapsamında Türkiye’de yürütülen çalışmalar”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, no. XXXIV, (2009): 24-48.
  • Yilmaz, Gozde, “EU Conditionality is not the only game in town! Domestic Drivers of Turkey’s Europeanization”, Turkish Studies 15, no. 2, (2014): 303-321.
  • Yilmaz, Gozde and Soyaltin, Didem. “Zooming into the ‘Domestic” in Europeanization Promotion of fight against corruption and minority rights in Turkey”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 16, no. 1 (2014): 11-29.

CHANGING TRENDS IN EUROPEANIZATION: TURKEY’S ALIGNMENT ON TRANSPORT

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 143 - 170, 02.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.601893

Öz

The current stalemate between the EU and Turkey directly affects much policy implementation, ranging from democracy to the economy. In terms of escaping from this crisis, the current proposed solutions seem to be only effective in a handful of areas. Concerning Turkey’s Europeanization, there is certain inertia. In a fraught period, transport policy is a surprising success story, with its stability and continuation in the alignment process. This study investigates the main reasons and driving forces behind this curious case. The changing dynamics between different periods has not only changed the background factors but also contributed to a progressive approach, which has once again showed the importance of domestic political preferences when it comes to Europeanization.

Kaynakça

  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “2002 Genel Seçimleri Seçim Beyannamesi”, (2002), accessed July 19, 2017, http://www.akparti.org.tr/site/dosyalar♯!/secim-beyannameleri
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “2007 Genel Seçimleri Seçim Beyannamesi”, (2007).
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “2015 Genel Seçimleri Beyannamesi”, (2015).
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “Başbakan Yıldırım, Yavuz Sultan Selim Köprüsü’nde açıklamalarda bulundu”, (2016), accessed August 06, 2017, http://m.akparti.org/site/haberler/basbakan-yildirim-sultan-selim-koprusunde-incelemelerde-bulundu/85349♯1
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “Parti Programı”, (2018), accessed July 21, 2018, https://www.akparti.org.tr/english/akparti/parti-programme
  • Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, “Hedef 2023: Ulaşım ve Haberleşme”, (2018), accessed July 21, 2018, https://www.akparti.org.tr/site/hedefler/ulastirma-ve-haberlesme/11013
  • Akçakoca, Amanda. “EU-Turkey relations 43 years on: train crash or temporary derailment?”, EPC Issue Paper, no. 50, (2006): 1-29.
  • Akgul Acikmese, Sinem. “Cycles of Europeanization in Turkey: The Domestic Impact of EU Conditionality”, UNISCI Discussion Papers, no. 23 (2010): 129-148.
  • AB Haber, “Ulaştırma Bakanı Lütfi Elvan: AB kendi kurallarına uymuyor. AB, Türkiye’ye karşı tarife dışı engeller koymaya çalışıyor”, (2015), accessed March 12, 2017, http://www.abhaber.com/ulastirma-bakan-lutfi-elvan-ab-kendi-kurallarina-uymuyor-ab-turkiyeye-karsi-tarife-disi-engeller-koymaya-calisiyor/
  • Börzel, Tanja and Risse, Thomas. “When Europe Hits Home: Europeanization and Domestic Change”, European Integration Online Papers (EIoP) 4, no. 15, (2000): 1-24.
  • Börzel, Tanja. “Europeanisation Meets Turkey: A case sui generis?” in Nas, Çiğdem and Özer, Yonca (eds.) Turkey and European Union: Processes of Europeanisation. Surrey: Ashgate, 2012.
  • Börzel, Tanja and Soyaltın, Didem. “Europeanization in Turkey: Stretching a concept to its limits?”, KFG Working Paper, no. 36, (2012): 1-22.
  • Celenk, Ayse A. “Europeanization and Administrative Reform: The Case of Turkey”, Mediterranean Politics 14, no. 1, (2009): 41-60.
  • Cumhuriyet, “Kota sorunu AB’ye taşınıyor”, (2009), accessed April 22, 2017,http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/diger/57156/Kota_sorunun_AB_ye_tasiniyor.html
  • Delegation of the European Union to Turkey. “Türkiye’nin Marmaray Projesi için AYB’den 200 Milyon Euro daha”, (2014), accessed May 08, 2017, http://avrupa.info.tr/tr/bilgi-kaynaklari/basin-odasi/press-releases-single-view/ article/tuerkiyenin-marmaray-projesi-icin-aybden-200-milyon-euro-daha.html
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS, Turkey. / Organization / Directorate of Sectoral Policies / .“Chapter 14 - Transport Policy," “Fasıl 15 – Enerji”, (2018) , accessed November 09, 2018, https://www.ab.gov.tr/79_en.html.
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS, Turkey. “Accession Negotiations: Chapter 14- Transport Policy”, (2017), accessed February 04, 2017, http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=86&1=2
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS, Turkey. “Accession Negotiations: Chapter 21- Trans-Europen Networks”, (2017), accessed February 05, 2017, http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=86&1=2
  • DIRECTORATE FOR EU AFFAIRS / , Turkey. National Programs for the Adoption of the Acquis (NPAA): 2003 NPAA, (2017) accessed September 08, 2018, http://www.ab.gov.tr/index.php?p=196&1=2
  • Düzgit, Senem Aydın and Keyman, Fuat. “EU-Turkey relations and stagnation of Turkish democracy”, Global Turkey in Europe: Political, Economic and Foreign Policy Dimensions of Turkey’s Evolving Relationship with the EU Working Papers, no. 2, (2013): 1-24.
  • Ertugal, Ebru. “Europeanization and multi-level governance in Turkey”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 10, no. 1 (2010): 97-110.
  • European Commission. “2001 Regular Report on Turkey’s Progress Towards Accession”, 13 November 2001, SEC (2001) 1756, Brussels.
  • European Commission. “Turkey 2013 Progress Report”, 16 October 2013, SWD (2013) 417 final, Brussels.
  • European Commission. “Turkey 2014 Progress Report”, 8 October 2014, SWD (2014) 307 final, Brussels.
  • European Commission. “Regional Policy: IPA Transport Operational Programme in Turkey”, (2017), accessed July 08, 2017, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/ en/funding/ipa/turkey/transport
  • Economic Development Foundation. “Açılmayan Müzakere Fasıllarında ne durumdayız?”, Economic Development Foundation Publications, no. 279, (2016): 1-156.
  • European Economic Community. “Treaty of Rome”, Rome (25 March 1957).
  • General Directorate of Highways, Turkey, “Türkiye TEN-T (Avrupa Transit Taşımacılık Ağı) Karayolu Güzergahları”, (2018), accessed June 08, 2018, http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/KgmAbCalismalari/TurkiyeTEN-TKarayoluGuzergahlari.aspx
  • General Directorate of Highways, Turkey. “AB Kapsamında yürütülen projeler”, (2018), accessedAugust,27,2018,http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/ KgmAbCalismalari/ABKapsamindaYurutulenProjeler.aspx
  • Gerçek, Haluk. “Ulaştırma-Ekonomi İlişkisi Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Ulaştırmanın ve Demiryollarının Geleceği”, 2. Ulusal Demiryolu Kongresi, Ankara (December 1997). Habertürk, “AB’ye destek dibe vurdu”, (2012), accessed July 17, 2017, http://www.haberturk.com/dunya/haber/769291-abye-destek-dibe-vurdu
  • Heaton, Janet, “Secondary analysis of qualitative data: an overview”, Historical Social Research, 33, no. 3, (2008): 33-45.
  • Heritier, Adrienne and Knill, Christoph. “Differential Responses to European Policies: A Comparison”, MPI Collective Goods Preprint, no. 7, (2000): 1-32.
  • Hürriyet, “İş dünyasından AB’ye tam destek”, (2003), accessed August 11, 2018, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/is-dunyasindan-abye-tam-destek-151518
  • Hurriyet Daily News, “Survey: 68 percent of Turkish people want membership to EU.”, (2002), accessed July 27, 2017, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/ survey-68-percent-of-turkish-people-wany-membership-to-eu.aspx?pageID=438& n+survey-68-percent-of-turkish-people-want-membership-to-eu-2002-02-21
  • İzci, Rana. “Europeanisation of Turkish Environmental Policy with special reference to sustainability discourse” in Nas, Çiğdem and Özer, Yonca (eds.) Turkey and the
  • European Union: Processes of Europeanization, Surrey: Ashgate, 2012.
  • Keçeci, Adnan. “Türkiye’de Karayolu Taşımacılığı”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, no. XX, (2014).
  • Kerwer, Dieter and Teutsch, Michael. “Elusive Europeanization: liberalizing road haulage in the European Union”, 8, no. 1 (2001): 124-143.
  • Knill, Christoph and Lehmkuhl, Dirk. “The national impact of European Union regulatory policy: Three Europeanization mechanisms”, European Journal of Political Research, 41, no. 2 (2003): 255-280.
  • Kuşçu, Sinan. “The European Union Transportation Policy and its reflection in Turkey”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, 5, no.9, (2011): 77-91.
  • Ministry of Finance, General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control, Turkey. “İstatistikler: Kuruluşlar itibarıyla bütçe ödenekleri ve harcamaları”, (2016), accessed October 2, 2017, http:// www.bumko.gov.tr/TR,4461/butce-gider-gelir-gerceklesmeleri-1924-2012.html
  • Ministry of Transport, Turkey. “Ulaşımdan İletişime Kalkınan Türkiye-2007”,(2007), accessedJuly,15,2018,http://www.ubak.gov.tr/BLSM_WIYS/ UBAK/tr/yayinlar/20090612_171031_204_1_64.pdf
  • Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication, Turkey. “İstatistiklerle Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme (2003-2011)”, (2011), accessed July 9, 2017, http://www.ubak.gov.tr/BLSM_WIYS/UBAK/tr/doc-xls/20120726_ 162224_204_1_64.pdf
  • Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication, Turkey. “Transport Operational Programme”, (2017), accessed December 01, 2017, http://op.udhb.gov.tr/index.php?lang+En♯
  • Ministry of Transport and Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. “Ulaştırma Ana Planı Stratejisi Sonuç Raporu”, (2005), accessed May 12, 2017, http://www.bebka.org.tr/admin/datas/sayfas/files/15_ulastirma_ana.pdf
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem. “Turkey’s Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union”, South European Society & Politics 10, no.1, (2005): 16-30.
  • Noutcheva, Gergana and Düzgit, Senem Aydın. “Lost in Europeanisation: The Western Balkans and Turkey”, West European Politics 35, no.1, (2012): 59-78.
  • Öniş, Ziya. “Turkey-EU Relations: Beyond the Current Stalemate”, Insight Turkey 10, no. 4, (2008): 35-50.
  • Rasooli, Soora and Timmermans, Harry. Bounded Rational Choice Behaviour: Applications in Transport, Bingley: Emerald Group, 2015.
  • Schimmelfennig, Frank and Sedelmeier, Ulrich. “Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe”, Journal of European Public Policy 11, no. 4, (2004): 669-687.
  • Secretariat General for EU Affairs, Turkey. “Twinning Mekanizması ve Türkiye”, (2017), accessed December 3, 2017, http://www.ab.gov.tr/files/ardb/evt/3_ab_ bakanlihi_yayinlari/twinning_mekanizmasi.pdf
  • Servantie, Deniz. “A Comparative analysis of EU and Turkish Aviation Policies”, IKV Brief, no. 35, (2015): 1-13.
  • Sözcü, “Türkiye’nin Alternatif yolları var”, (2015), accessed November 08, 2018, https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2015/gunun-icinden/turkiyenin-alternatif-yollari-var-758735/ Transport Corridor Europe, Caucasus, Asia-TRACECA, “Technical Assistance: Projects”, (2018), accessed March 12, 2018, http://www.traceca-org.org/en/technical-assistance/?
  • Turkish State Railways. “AB ile Türkiye arasında yüksek hızlı tren projesi hibe anlaşması imzalandı”, (2010), accessed July 06, 2018, http://www.tcdd.org.tr/ ab-ile-turkiye-arasinda-yuksek-hizli-tren-projesi-hibe-anlasmasi-imzalandi+ h205.
  • Ülgen, Sinan and Guerin, Selen Sarısoy and Tekçe, Mahmut, “Ulaştırma Sektörü Raporu” in Ülgen, Sinan (eds.) İkinci Kuşak Yapısal Reformlar: Altyapı Sektörlerinde De-Regülasyon ve Rekabet, Türkiye’nin telekomünikasyon, enerji ve ulaştırma sektörlerinin Avrupa Birliği’ne uyumu ışığında evrimi, İstanbul: EDAM, 2007.
  • Yaman, Sevinç. “Trans Avrupa Ulaşım Şebekelerinin (TEN-T) gelişimi kapsamında Türkiye’de yürütülen çalışmalar”, Uluslararası Ekonomik Sorunlar Dergisi, no. XXXIV, (2009): 24-48.
  • Yilmaz, Gozde, “EU Conditionality is not the only game in town! Domestic Drivers of Turkey’s Europeanization”, Turkish Studies 15, no. 2, (2014): 303-321.
  • Yilmaz, Gozde and Soyaltin, Didem. “Zooming into the ‘Domestic” in Europeanization Promotion of fight against corruption and minority rights in Turkey”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 16, no. 1 (2014): 11-29.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ahmet Cemal Ertürk 0000-0001-8582-3871

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ertürk, Ahmet Cemal. “CHANGING TRENDS IN EUROPEANIZATION: TURKEY’S ALIGNMENT ON TRANSPORT”. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi 18, sy. 1 (Ağustos 2019): 143-70. https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.601893.

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