Bal Arılarının Bağırsak Yapısına Etki Eden Faktörler

Öz

Arıcılık, çevre koşulları ile iç içe yapılan bir üretim faaliyetidir. Son yıllarda koloni kayıplarının ardından çalışılan bir konu da bal arılarında bağırsak mikroflorasıdır. Bağırsak mikroflorasının; metabolizma, bağışıklık fonksiyonu, büyüme-gelişmede rol oynadığı ve özellikle arı sağlığının korumasına etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bal arılarında ki bağırsak yapısına; parazit ve patojenlerle mücadelede kullanılan kimyasallar maddeler, mevsim, flora, besin kaynakları, bireyin yaşı veya kovan içi görevi ve birçok diğer faktör etki edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, son dönemlerde dünyada yapılmış olan bal arıların bağırsak yapısı ve bu yapıyı etkileyen çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Bal arısı bağırsak yapısını ve mikrobiyotasını etkileyen faktörlerin yetiştiricilik uygulamaları üzerindeki etkileri dikkat çekilerek açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bal arısı,Bağırsak,mikroflora,Beslenme,Hastalık

Factors Affecting The Intestinal Structures of Honey Bees

Öz

Beekeeping is a production activity that is related with environmental conditions. Another topic that has been studied following colony losses in recent years is intestinal microflora in honey bees. Intestinal microflora has an important role in metabolism, immune function, growth-development and especially bee health protection. The intestinal structure of honey bees can be affected by chemicals used against both parasites and pathogens, seasons, flora, nutrient sources, the age of the individual or hive task and many other factors. In this study, the literature evaluating intestinal structure of honey bees and factors affecting this structure is reviewed. The effects of the factors affecting the bee intestinal structure and microbiota on the cultivation practices were tried to be explained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Honeybee,Gut microfloria,Nutrition,Disease

Kaynakça

1. Alberoni, D., Baffoni, L., Gaggìa, F., Ryan, P. M., Murphy, K., Ross, P. R., Di Gioia, D. (2018). Impact of beneficial bacteria supplementation on the gut microbiota, colony development and productivity of Apis mellifera L. Beneficial microbes, 9(2), 269-278.
2. Asraf, S. A. K. S. (2016). Gut microbiome of honey bee-An industrially relevant pollinator. The IIOAB Journal, 7(1), 21.
3. Babendreier, D., Joller, D., Romeis, J., Bigler, F., & Widmer, F. (2007). Bacterial community structures in honeybee intestines and their response to two insecticidal proteins. FEMS microbiology ecology, 59(3), 600-610.
4. Bonilla-Rosso, G.,& Engel, P. (2018). Functional roles and metabolic niches in the honey bee gut microbiota. Current opinion in microbiology, 43, 69-76.
5. Chandran, H C. Keerthi T R. (2018). Probiotic potency of Lactobacillus plantarum KX519413 and KX519414 isolated from honey bee gut. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 365(4).
6. Corby-Harris, V., Maes, P., & Anderson, K. E. (2014). The bacterial communities associated with honey bee (Apis mellifera) foragers. PloS one, 9(4), e95056.
7. D’Alvise, P., Böhme, F., Codrea, M. C., Seitz, A., Nahnsen, S., Binzer, M., Hasselmann, M. (2018). The impact of winter feed type on intestinal microbiota and parasites in honey bees. Apidologie, 49(2), 252-264.
8. DeGrandi-Hoffman, G., Corby-Harris, V., DeJong, E. W., Chambers, M., Hidalgo, G. (2017). Honey bee gut microbial communities are robust to the fungicide Pristine® consumed in pollen. Apidologie, 48(3), 340-352.

9. Diaz, T., del-Val, E., Ayala, R., & Larsen, J. (2018). Alterations in honey bee gut microorganisms caused by Nosema spp. and pest control methods. Pest Management Science. doi:10.1002/ps.5188.
10. Donkersley, P., Rhodes, G., Pickup, R. W., Jones, K. C., & Wilson, K. (2018). Bacterial communities associated with honeybee food stores are correlated with land use. Ecology and evolution, 8(10), 4743-4756.
11. Dönmez A İ., Şahin, N. (2018). Anadolu Balarısı Muğla Ekotipi (Apis mellifera anatoliaca BağırsakMikroflorasından Fruktofilik Laktik Asit bakterilerinin İzolasyonu ve Tanımlanması. 6. Uluslararası Muğla Arıcılık Ve Çam Balı Kongresi Kitabı: 30-35.15-19 Ekim 2018, Fethiye/Muğla, Türkiye.
12. Ellegaard, K.M., Engel, P. (2018). New Reference Genome Sequences for 17 Bacterial Strains of The Honey Bee Gut Microbiota. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 7 (3):e00834-18.
13. Engel, P., Moran, N. A. 2013. The gut microbiota of insects–diversity in structure and function. FEMS microbiology reviews, 37(5), 699-735.
14. Engel P, Kwong WK, McFrederick Q, Anderson KE, Barribeau SM, Chandler JA, Cornman RS, Dainat J, de Miranda JR, Doublet V, Emery O, Evans JD, Farinelli L, Flenniken ML, Granberg F, Grasis JA, Gauthier L, Hayer J, Koch H, Kocher S, Martinson VG, Moran N, Munoz-Torres M, Newton I, Paxton RJ, Powell E, Sadd BM, Schmid-Hempel P, Schmid- Hempel R, Song SJ, Schwarz RS, vanEngelsdorp D, Dainat B. (2016). The bee microbiome: impact on bee health and model for evolution and ecology of host-microbe interactions. mBio 7(2):e02164-15. doi:10.1128/mBio.02164-15.
15. Flint, H. J., Scott, K. P., Louis, P., Duncan, S H. (2012). The role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology, 9(10), 577.
16. Hooper, L. V., Littman, D R., Macpherson, A J.(2012). Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system. Science 336, 1268–1273.
17. Horton, M. A., Oliver, R., & Newton, I. L. (2015). No apparent correlation between honey bee forager gut microbiota and honey production. PeerJ, 3, e1329.
18. Kešnerová, L., Mars, R. A., Ellegaard, K. M., Troilo, M., Sauer, U., Engel, P. (2017). Disentangling metabolic functions of bacteria in the honey bee gut. PLoS biology, 15(12), e2003467.
19. Khan, K. A., Ansari, M. J., Al-Ghamdi, A., Nuru, A., Harakeh, S., Iqbal, J. (2017). Investigation of gut microbial communities associated with indigenous honey bee (Apis mellifera jemenitica) from two different eco-regions of Saudi Arabia. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 24(5), 1061-1068.
20. Kırpık, M A., Aydoğan, M N., Örtücü, S., Hasenekoğlu, İ. (2010). Kafkas Arısı (Apis mellifera caucasica Pollmann, 1889) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)’nın, Dış Yüzey ve Sindirim Sistemi Mikrofungus Florasının Belirlenmesi. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 16 (Suppl-B): S347-S352, 2010.
21. Kwong, W. K., Moran, N. A. (2013). Cultivation and characterization of the gut symbionts of honey bees and bumble bees: description of Snodgrassella alvi gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Neisseriaceae of the Betaproteobacteria, and Gilliamella apicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of Orbaceae fam. nov., Orbales ord. nov., a sister taxon to the order ‘Enterobacteriales’ of the Gammaproteobacteria. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 63(6), 2008-2018.
22. Kwong, W. K., Moran, N. A. (2016). Gut microbial communities of social bees. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(6), 374.
23. Kwong, W. K., Medina, L. A., Koch, H., Sing, K. W., Soh, E. J. Y., Ascher, J. S., Moran, N. A. (2017). Dynamic microbiome evolution in social bees. Science advances, 3(3), e1600513.
24. Jones, J. C., Fruciano, C., Hildebrand, F., Al Toufalilia, H., Balfour, N. J., Bork, P., Hughes, W. O. (2018a). Gut microbiota composition is associated with environmental landscape in honey bees. Ecology and evolution, 8(1), 441-451.
25. Jones, J. C., Fruciano, C., Marchant, J., Hildebrand, F., Forslund, S., Bork, P., Hughes, W. O. H. (2018b). The gut microbiome is associated with behavioural task in honey bees. Insectes Sociaux, 1-11.
26. Mathialagan, M., Johnson Thangaraj Edward, Y.S., David, P.M.M., Senthilkumar, M., Srinivasan M.R., & Mohankumar, S. (2018). Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Honey Bees. International Journal Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,7(04): 894-906.
27. Martinson, V. G., Danforth, B. N., Minckley, R. L., Rueppell, O., Tingek, S., & Moran, N. A. (2011). A simple and distinctive microbiota associated with honey bees and bumble bees. Molecular Ecology, 20(3), 619-628.
28. Martinson, V. G., Moy, J., & Moran, N. A. (2012). Establishment of characteristic gut bacteria during development of the honey bee worker. Applied and environmental microbiology, p. 2830–2840
29. Moran, N. A., Hansen, A. K., Powell, J. E., & Sabree, Z. L. (2012). Distinctive gut microbiota of honey bees assessed using deep sampling from individual worker bees. PloS one, 7(4), e36393.
30. Mirjanic, G., Tlak-Gajger, I., Mladenovic, M., Kozaric, Z. 2013. Impact of different feed on intestine health of honey bees. In XXXXIII International Apicultural Congress, Apimondia, Kyiv, Ukraine (pp. 29-09).
31. Panek, J., Paris, L., Roriz, D., Mone, A., Dubuffet, A., Delbac, F.,& El Alaoui, H. (2018). Impact of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae on the gut epithelium renewal of the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Journal of invertebrate pathology, 159, 121-128.
32. Paris, L., El Alaoui, H., Delbac, F., Diogon, M. (2018). Effects of the gut parasite Nosema ceranae on honey bee physiology and behavior. Current opinion in insect science.26:1–6.
33. Pal, S., Karmakar, P. (2018). Symbionts associated with insect digestive system and their role in insect nutrition. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(5): 421-425.
34. Raymann, K.,& Moran, N. A. (2018). The role of the gut microbiome in health and disease of adult honey bee workers. Current opinion in insect science.
35. Raymann, K., Bobay, L. M., Moran, N. A. (2018). Antibiotics reduce genetic diversity of core species in the honeybee gut microbiome. Molecular ecology, 27(8), 2057-2066.
36. Schwarz, R. S., Huang, Q., & Evans, J. D. (2015). Hologenome theory and the honey bee pathosphere. Current opinion in insect science, 10, 1-7.
37. Özüiçli, M., Aydın, L. (2018). Türkiye Bal Arılarında Ciddi Tehlike; Nosemosis. Uludag University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 37(2), 35-40.
38. VanEngelsdorp D, Traynor K S, Andree M, Lichtenberg E M, Chen Y, Saegerman C. (2017). Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and bee age impact honey bee pathophysiology. PLoS ONE 12(7): e0179535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0179535.
39. Zheng, H., Powell, J. E., Steele, M. I., Dietrich, C., Moran, N. A. (2017). Honeybee gut microbiota promotes host weight gain via bacterial metabolism and hormonal signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(18), 4775-4780.
40. Zheng, H., Steele, M. I., Leonard, S. P., Motta, E. V., Moran, N. A. (2018). Honey bees as models for gut microbiota research. Lab Animal, 47(11), 317.
41. Zhao, Y., Chen, Y., Li, Z., Peng, W. (2018). Environmental factors have a strong impact on the composition and diversity of the gut bacterial community of Chinese Black Honeybees. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21:261-267.