Muslims Of British India And The Kemalist Reform in Turkey Iqbal, Jinnah and Atatürk, 1924-1938

Öz

Ever since his emergence as the leader of the Turkish nationalists, Kemal Atatürk had attracted wide support from among the Müslim of British India. Though the adulation of Kemal had sprung from the Indian in- volvement with pan-Islam but basically it was his apparent defence of the caliphate which had endeared him to his well-wishers in the Subcontinent. Thus, ali through the exuberance of the Khilafat movement (1918-1924), Mustafa Kemal was lauded for his perceived stand against Western im- perialism in the hour of Islam's grave crisis. Even when the relations between the sultan-caliph at İstanbul and the nationalists at Ankara fell to their lowest ebb, as in Nowember 1922 owing to the separation of the sultanate and the caliphate, no widespread stir w as created in India. The clash came only in March 1924, when Kemal abolished the caliphate which to him had become anomalous and anachronistic. The reaction in India was instantaneous and sharp, but somehow the break was soon repaired. After the initial shock, the Indian public opinion, spearheaded by those who understood the Turkish predicament, began to tilt again in favour of the nationalists and the new situation generally came to be accepted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• British India
• United Kingdom
• Muslims
• Atatürk
• Turkey

Muslims of British India and The Kemalist Reform in Turkey Iqbal, Jinnah and Atatürk, 1924-1938

Öz

Ever since his emergence as the leader of the Turkish nationalists, Kemal Atatürk had attracted wide support from among the Müslim of British India. Though the adulation of Kemal had sprung from the Indian in- volvement with pan-Islam but basically it was his apparent defence of the caliphate which had endeared him to his well-wishers in the Subcontinent. Thus, ali through the exuberance of the Khilafat movement (1918-1924), Mustafa Kemal was lauded for his perceived stand against Western im- perialism in the hour of Islam's grave crisis. Even when the relations between the sultan-caliph at İstanbul and the nationalists at Ankara fell to their lowest ebb, as in Nowember 1922 owing to the separation of the sultanate and the caliphate, no widespread stir w as created in India. The clash came only in March 1924, when Kemal abolished the caliphate which to him had become anomalous and anachronistic. The reaction in India was instantaneous and sharp, but somehow the break was soon repaired. After the initial shock, the Indian public opinion, spearheaded by those who understood the Turkish predicament, began to tilt again in favour of the nationalists and the new situation generally came to be accepted.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• British India
• United Kingdom
• Muslims
• Atatürk
• Turkey

Kaynakça

1. Qureshi, M. Naeem, The Rise of Atatürk and Its Impact on Contemporary Müslim India: The early phase, Proceedings : International Conference on Atatürk, İstanbul 1981.
2. Aksan, Akil, Quotations from Mustafa Kemal Atatür, Ankara 1982.
3. Qurcshi, Naeem, The Rise of Atatürk, Passim.
4. Ambassador for Cultural Affairs, Turkish Centre, Atatürk's Republic of Turkey, New York 1881.
5. H. A. R. Gibb (ed.), Whither Islam?, London 1932.
6. Qureshi, Cf. Naeem, The Rise of Atatürk, Passim.
7. Smith, W. C., Modern İslam in India, Lahore 1947.
8. Iqbal, Muhammad, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, Lahore 1971.

9. Iqbal, Muhammad, "Javid Nama, in Külliyat", Ahmad Saroosh, Teheran 1343.
10. Dar, B. A, A Study in Igbal's Philosophy, Lahore 1971.
11. Vahid, S. A., Thoughts and Reflections of Iqbal, 1371.
12. Smîth, W. C., Islam in Modern History, Princeton 1957.
13. Ahmad, Jamil-ud-din, Speeches and Writings of Mr. Jinnah, Lahore 1960.
14. Pirzada, Sharifuddin, Foundations of Pakistan, Karachi 1970.
15. Bolitho, Hector, Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan, London 1960.