New adipokines: Leptin, adiponectin and omentin

Abstract

Adipose tissue is now considered as an important part of energy metabolism. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue play decisive role in many physiological process such as energy balance, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, regulation blood pressure, vascular remodeling, coagulation and inflammation. The amount of body fat organized by leptin, environmental factors and genes together. Leptin molecule was found to be associated with appetite, body weight, energy balance and a number of neuroendocrine functions so far. The gene encoding adiponectin is located in a loci in chromosome 3 which is close to the locus considered responsible for type 2 diabetes and steatosis. Gene expression of omentin-1 and plasma levels of omentin decreased in obese subjects. Obesity related markers such as, waist circumference, body mass index and leptin levels are negatively correlated with plasma omentin levels. Adiponectin has anti-atherogenic and insulin sensitizing effects. Therefore, drugs targeting adipokines that derived from adipose tissue may increase insulin sensitivity and may also have protective effect against atherosclerosis.

Keywords

• Adipokine,leptin,adiponectin,omentin

Yeni adipokinler: Leptin, adiponektin ve omentin

Abstract

Yağ dokusu günümüzde enerji metabolizmasının önemli bir parçası olarak kabul edilmektedir. Salgıladığı adipokinler beslenme, iştah, enerji dengesi, insülin ve glukoz metabolizması, lipid metabolizması, kan basıncının düzenlenmesi, vasküler remodeling, koagülasyon, inflamasyon gibi vücudun birçok fizyolojik işleminde rol oynamaktadırlar. Leptin, çevresel etmenler ve genler beraberce vücut yağ miktarını düzenlemektedirler. Leptin molekülünün şu ana kadar iştah, vücut ağırlığı, enerji dengesi ve bir takım nöroendokrin fonksiyonlarla ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Yağ dokusundan salgılanan adiponektini kodlayan gen 3. kromozom üzerinde olup bulunduğu loküs tip 2 diyabet ve vücut yağlanmasından sorumlu tutulan loküse yakındır. Obez bireylerde omentin 1’in hem yağ dokusundaki gen ekspresyonu ve hem de plazma seviyeleri azalmaktadır. Bel çevresi, vücut kitle indeksi ve leptin seviyleri gibi obezite ile ilişkili markerlar ile omentin seviyesi ters orantılıdır. Adiponektinin anti-aterojenik ve insülin duyarlığını artırıcı etkileri mevcuttur. Bu nedenle yağ dokusu kökenli bu adipokinleri hedef alan ilaç tedavileri insülin duyarlılığını artırabilir ayrıca ateroskleroza karşı koruyucu etki gösterebilir.

Keywords

• Adipokin,leptin,adiponektin,omentin

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