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THE TURKISH DIMENSION OF ECONOMIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: AN EVALUATION ACCORDING TO THE GLOBAL GENDER GAP INDEX

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 4, 409 - 443, 08.12.2025

Dr. Elif Savaşkan , Özlem Atay

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1702630

Öz

It is possible to say that violence and violence against women, which have been one of the fundamental problems of every age since the existence of humanity, are increasing day by day. Today, with the increasing violence against women, the increase in the rates of economic violence against women, which is sometimes the cause and sometimes the result of violence and remains in the background compared to other types of violence, shows that the research conducted on the subject is insufficient. According to the data of TKDF and UNFPA (2023); It has been determined that 95% of women in Turkey are exposed to economic violence. In this study, the Turkey dimension of economic violence against women was conducted in the light of the findings of the Global Gender Gap Index (2024) in order to provide up-to-date theoretical information based on literature about the latest situation both worldwide and in our country. The fact that the subject is addressed from this perspective gives the study a different purpose and is expected to contribute both academically and socially and pioneer future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

violence violence against women economic violence economic violence against women global gender gap ındex

Kaynakça

  • Adacay, F. R., ve G. Güney. 2012. “Kadına Yönelik Ekonomik Şiddet.” Uluslararası Katılımlı Kadına ve Çocuğa Karşı Şiddet Sempozyumu, Ankara: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi.
  • Adams, Adrienne E., Cris M. Sullivan, Deborah Bybee, ve Megan R. Greeson. 2008. “Development of the Scale of Economic Abuse.” Violence Against Women 14 (5): 563–588.
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  • Alan, Hacer, Sibel D. Yılmaz, Elif Filiz, ve Ayşegül Arıöz. 2016. “Domestic Violence Awareness and Prevention Among Married Women in Central Anatolia.” Journal of Family Violence 31:711–719.
  • Akar, Tanju, F. Nur Aksakal, Bülent Demirel, Emel Durukan, ve Selçuk Özkan. 2010. “Bir Grup Kadın Arasında Kadınlara Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddetin Yaygınlığı: Ankara, Türkiye.” Aile İçi Şiddet Dergisi 25: 449–460.
  • Antai, Diddy, Juliet Antai, and David S. Anthony. 2014. “The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Inequalities, Intimate Partner Violence and Economic Abuse: A National Study of Women in the Philippines.” Global Public Health 9 (7): 808–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.917212.
  • Asencios-González, Zarela, Alejandro Vara-Horna, Joseph B. McBride, Irma Santi-Huaranca, Ricardo Chafloque-Céspedes, and Ana Díaz Rosillo. 2018. “Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Economic Violence Against Female Micro-Entrepreneurs in Peru.” International Journal of Emerging Markets 13 (6): 1597–1614. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-12-2017-0543.
  • Aydın, Bekir, Mustafa Kartal, Orhan Midik, ve Ahmet Büyükakkuş. 2009. Violence Against General Practitioners in Turkey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24 (12): 1980–1995.
  • Ayuwat, Douangdao, ve Somchit Sananikone. 2018. Influential Factors Among Male Population, Which Associated with the Economic Violence Against Women in Laos. Gender Issues 35: 330–338.
  • Başkan, Burcu, ve Onur Alkan. 2023. Determinants of Intimate Partner Controlling Behavior Targeting Women in Türkiye. Frontiers in Psychology 14: Article 1174143.
  • Belingheri, Paolo, Francesco Chiarello, Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, ve Paolo Rovelli. 2021. “Twenty Years of Gender Equality Research: A Scoping Review Based on a New Semantic Indicator.” PLOS ONE 16 (9): e0256474.
  • Bilican Gökkaya, Vildan. 2011. “Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Ekonomik Şiddet.” Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 12 (2): 101–112.
  • Bilgin Şahin, Burcu, ve Pınar Erbay Dündar. 2017. Kadına Yönelik Şiddet ve Yaşam Kalitesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi / Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 18 (3): 203–210.
  • Büyükyılmaz, Ayşe, ve Çağla Demir. 2016. “Türkiye'de Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddetin Belirleyenleri: Multinomial Logit Model Yaklaşımı.” Ege Akademik Bakış 16 (3): 443– 450.
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  • Ercan, Mustafa. 2021. “Kadınların Gelişme Düzeylerinin Ölçülmesi: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Üzerinde Bir Analiz.” Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 21 (1): 27–40.
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  • Fawole, Olufunmilayo I. 2008. “Economic Violence to Women and Girls: Is It Receiving the Necessary Attention?” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 9 (3): 167–177.
  • Glick, Peter, Nuray Sakallı-Uğurlu, Maria Cristina Ferreira, ve Marco Aguiar de Souza. 2002. “Ambivalent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Wife Abuse in Turkey and Brazil.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 26 (4): 292–297.
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KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 83 Sayı: 4, 409 - 443, 08.12.2025

Dr. Elif Savaşkan , Özlem Atay

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1702630

Öz

İnsanlık var olduğundan beri her çağın temel sorunlarından birisi olan şiddet ve kadına yönelik şiddet türlerinin her geçen gün giderek arttığını söylemek mümkündür. Günümüzde kadına yönelik şiddetin giderek artmasıyla gündeme gelen şiddet türleri arasında kimi zaman sebebi kimi zaman da sonucu olan ve diğer şiddet türlerine göre arka planda kalan kadına yönelik ekonomik şiddet oranlarındaki artış konuya yönelik yapılan araştırmaların yetersiz olduğunu göstermektedir. TKDF ve UNFPA (2023) verilerine göre; Türkiye’de kadınların %95’inin ekonomik şiddete maruz kaldığı tespit etmiştir. Bu çalışmada kadına yönelik ekonomik şiddetin Türkiye boyutu Küresel Cinsiyet Farkı (Uçurumu) Endeksi (2024) bulguları ışığında hem dünya çapında hem de ülkemizdeki son durum hakkında literatüre dayalı güncel teorik bilgi vermek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Konunun bu bakış açısı ile ele alınıyor olması çalışmaya farklı bir amaç yüklemekte olup hem akademik hem toplumsal katkı sağlaması ile gelecekteki araştırmalarda öncülük etmesi beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şiddet kadına yönelik şiddet ekonomik şiddet kadına yönelik ekonomik şiddet küresel cinsiyet farkı (uçurumu) endeksi

Kaynakça

  • Adacay, F. R., ve G. Güney. 2012. “Kadına Yönelik Ekonomik Şiddet.” Uluslararası Katılımlı Kadına ve Çocuğa Karşı Şiddet Sempozyumu, Ankara: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi.
  • Adams, Adrienne E., Cris M. Sullivan, Deborah Bybee, ve Megan R. Greeson. 2008. “Development of the Scale of Economic Abuse.” Violence Against Women 14 (5): 563–588.
  • Adibelli, Derya, Ayla Sümen, ve Gülten Teskereci. 2021. “Domestic Violence Against Women During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Turkey Sample.” Health Care for Women International 42 (3): 335–350.
  • Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı. 2015. Research on Domestic Violence. Accessed February 21, 2025. https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/asia/turkey/2015/research-on-domestic-violence
  • Alan, Hacer, Sibel D. Yılmaz, Elif Filiz, ve Ayşegül Arıöz. 2016. “Domestic Violence Awareness and Prevention Among Married Women in Central Anatolia.” Journal of Family Violence 31:711–719.
  • Akar, Tanju, F. Nur Aksakal, Bülent Demirel, Emel Durukan, ve Selçuk Özkan. 2010. “Bir Grup Kadın Arasında Kadınlara Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddetin Yaygınlığı: Ankara, Türkiye.” Aile İçi Şiddet Dergisi 25: 449–460.
  • Antai, Diddy, Juliet Antai, and David S. Anthony. 2014. “The Relationship Between Socio-Economic Inequalities, Intimate Partner Violence and Economic Abuse: A National Study of Women in the Philippines.” Global Public Health 9 (7): 808–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2014.917212.
  • Asencios-González, Zarela, Alejandro Vara-Horna, Joseph B. McBride, Irma Santi-Huaranca, Ricardo Chafloque-Céspedes, and Ana Díaz Rosillo. 2018. “Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Economic Violence Against Female Micro-Entrepreneurs in Peru.” International Journal of Emerging Markets 13 (6): 1597–1614. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJoEM-12-2017-0543.
  • Aydın, Bekir, Mustafa Kartal, Orhan Midik, ve Ahmet Büyükakkuş. 2009. Violence Against General Practitioners in Turkey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24 (12): 1980–1995.
  • Ayuwat, Douangdao, ve Somchit Sananikone. 2018. Influential Factors Among Male Population, Which Associated with the Economic Violence Against Women in Laos. Gender Issues 35: 330–338.
  • Başkan, Burcu, ve Onur Alkan. 2023. Determinants of Intimate Partner Controlling Behavior Targeting Women in Türkiye. Frontiers in Psychology 14: Article 1174143.
  • Belingheri, Paolo, Francesco Chiarello, Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, ve Paolo Rovelli. 2021. “Twenty Years of Gender Equality Research: A Scoping Review Based on a New Semantic Indicator.” PLOS ONE 16 (9): e0256474.
  • Bilican Gökkaya, Vildan. 2011. “Türkiye’de Kadına Yönelik Ekonomik Şiddet.” Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 12 (2): 101–112.
  • Bilgin Şahin, Burcu, ve Pınar Erbay Dündar. 2017. Kadına Yönelik Şiddet ve Yaşam Kalitesi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi / Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 18 (3): 203–210.
  • Büyükyılmaz, Ayşe, ve Çağla Demir. 2016. “Türkiye'de Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddetin Belirleyenleri: Multinomial Logit Model Yaklaşımı.” Ege Akademik Bakış 16 (3): 443– 450.
  • DGSW. 2014. National Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey. Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, ICON-Institute Public Sector GmbH and BNB: Turkish Republic Prime Ministry Directorate General on the Status of Women.
  • Dhar, Sarthak. 2018. “Gender and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).” Indian Journal of Gender Studies 25 (1): 47–78.
  • Dilli, Selin, Ana Ripma, ve Sarah Carmichael. 2019. “Introducing the Historical Gender Equality Index.” Feminist Economics 25 (1): 31–57.
  • Domenech del Rio, Inmaculada, ve Elena Sirvent Garcia del Valle. 2017. “The Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence on Health: A Further Disaggregation of Psychological Violence—Evidence from Spain.” Violence Against Women 23 (14): 1771–1789.
  • Ercan, Mustafa. 2021. “Kadınların Gelişme Düzeylerinin Ölçülmesi: Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Üzerinde Bir Analiz.” Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 21 (1): 27–40.
  • European Institute for Gender Equality. 2017. Glossary of Definitions of Rape, Femicide and Intimate Partner Violence.
  • Fawole, Olufunmilayo I. 2008. “Economic Violence to Women and Girls: Is It Receiving the Necessary Attention?” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 9 (3): 167–177.
  • Glick, Peter, Nuray Sakallı-Uğurlu, Maria Cristina Ferreira, ve Marco Aguiar de Souza. 2002. “Ambivalent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Wife Abuse in Turkey and Brazil.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 26 (4): 292–297.
  • Gölge, Zeynep B., Yıldız Sanal, Selin Yavuz, ve Ece Arslanoğlu Çetin. 2016. “Türkiye'de Polis Memurlarının ve Yargı Mensuplarının Eşlerine Yönelik İstismarına Yönelik Tutumlar: Meslek, Cinsiyet, Çelişkili Cinsiyetçilik ve Cinsiyet Rolleri.” Aile İçi Şiddet Dergisi 31: 785–796.
  • Gürsoy, M. Yasemin, ve Fatma Kara. 2020. “Çanakkale, Türkiye'de Yaşlılara Yönelik Şiddetin Yaygınlığı ve İlişkili Faktörler: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma.” Geriatri ve Gerontoloji Uluslararası 20 (1): 66–71.
  • Hayat Sende. 2023. “Ekonomik Şiddet.” Accessed February 23, 2025. https://www.hayatsende.org/genel-blog/ekonomik- siddet/.
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  • Kameri-Mbote, Patricia, ve Nancy Kabira. 2022. “SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.” In The Cambridge Handbook of the Sustainable Development Goals and International Law.
  • Kaya, Fatma, Nermin Özdemir, ve Gülsen Uygur. 2014. Kadına Yönelik Şiddet ve Ev İçi Şiddet. Ankara: Savaş Yayıncılık.
  • Kickbusch, Ilona, Christina Brindley, ve World Health Organization. 2013. Health in the Post-Development Agenda: An Analysis of the UN-led Thematic Consultations, High-Level Panel Report and Sustainable Development Debate in Context of Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Kolodziejczak, Sylwia, Andrzej Terelak, ve Magdalena Bulsa. 2019. “Domestic Violence against Seniors in Rural Areas of West Pomerania, Poland.” Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 26 (1): 92–96.
  • Kutin, Joanna, Roslyn Russell, ve Melissa Reid. 2017. “Economic Abuse between Intimate Partners in Australia: Prevalence, Health Status, Disability and Financial Stress.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 41 (3): 269–274.
  • Lencha, Bekele, Girma Ameya, Getachew Baresa, Zewdie Minda, ve Getachew Ganfure. 2019. “Intimate Partner Violence and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study.” PLOS ONE 14 (5): e0214962.
  • Mensah, Joseph. 2019. “Sustainable Development: Meaning, History, Principles, Pillars, and Implications for Human Action: Literature Review.” Cogent Social Sciences 5 (1): 1653531.
  • Miskulin, Ivan, Aleksandar Martan, Kristina Molnar, Nikola Pavlovic, Kristina Vitale, ve Marija Miskulin. 2018. “Economic Violence against Women in Croatia.” European Journal of Public Health 28 (4): cky214-038.
  • Monaco, S. 2024. “SDG 5. Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.” In Identity, Territories and Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities for Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 51–62. Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Morrow, K. 2018. “Gender and the Sustainable Development Goals.” In Sustainable Development Goals, 149–172. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Nahar, Taslima, ve Carolyn W. Mengo. 2022. Measuring Women’s Empowerment in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. Journal of International Development 34 (2): 322–333.
  • Nalule, Violet R. 2020. “Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls.” In Mining, Materials, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 39–50. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Nanda, Ved, Meera Nayak, ve Jessica Goldstein. 2020. “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği ve Kadınların Güçlendirilmesi (SDG 5) Gibi Temel Ancak Ulaşılması Zor Hedeflere Ulaşmak İçin Küresel Çabalar.” Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 48: 1.
  • Napolitano, Fabrizio, Luigi Gualdieri, Giuseppa Santagati, ve Italo F. Angelillo. 2018. Violence Experience among Immigrants and Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy. BioMed Research International 2018 (1): 7949483.
  • Onditi, Faith, ve Jane Odera. 2017. Gender Equality as a Means to Women's Empowerment? Consensus, Challenges and Prospects for Post-2015 Development Agenda in Africa. African Geographical Review 36 (2): 146–167.
  • Öyekçin, Derya G., Dilek Yetim, ve Emel M. Şahin. 2012. Psychosocial Factors Affecting Various Types of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 23 (2): 1–7.
  • Özpinar, Sevilay, Gül D. Horasan, Hatice Baydur, ve Tolga Canbay. 2016. Factors Affecting the Views and Experiences of Women Living in the City Centre of Manisa, Turkey, Regarding Domestic Violence. Australian Journal of Primary Health 22 (5): 466–471.
  • Postmus, Judy L., Sarah B. Plummer, ve Anastasia M. Stylianou. 2016. Measuring Economic Abuse in the Lives of Survivors: Revising the Scale of Economic Abuse. Violence Against Women 22 (6): 692–703.
  • Rollero, Chiara, Elisa Bergagna, ve Stefano Tartaglia. 2019. What Is Violence? The Role of Sexism and Social Dominance Orientation in Recognizing Violence Against Women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36: 21–22.
  • Sachs, Jeffrey D. 2012. “From Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals.” The Lancet 379 (9832): 2206–2211.
  • Sakall, Nüket. 2001. “Beliefs about Wife Beating among Turkish College Students: The Effects of Patriarchy, Sexism, and Sex Differences.” Sex Roles 44: 599–610.
  • Sedziafa, Akosua P., Eunice Y. Tenkorang, Abigail Y. Owusu, ve Yoko Sano. 2017. Women’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Economic Abuse in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Journal of Family Issues 38 (18): 2620–2641.
  • Selek, Sevgi, Mehmet Vural, ve İsmail Çakmak. 2012. Abused Nurses Take No Legal Steps—A Domestic Violence Study Carried out in Eastern Turkey. Psychiatria Danubina 24 (4): 386–391.
  • Sen, Selin, ve Nilay Bolsoy. 2017. Violence against Women: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Turkish Sample. BMC Women’s Health 17: 100.
  • Stylianou, Anastasia M. 2016. The Impact of Economic Abuse on Depressive Symptoms among Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Master’s thesis, The State University of New Jersey, Graduate Program in Social Work, Rutgers.
  • Stark, Evan. 2009. Coercive Control: The Entrapment of Women in Personal Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Şahin, Emel M., Dilek Yetim, ve Derya G. Öyekçin. 2012. Edirne’de Kadına Yönelik Eş Şiddeti Yaygınlığı ve Kadınların Şiddete Karşı Tutumları. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal (CMJ) 34 (1): 23–32.
  • Tenkorang, Eunice Y. 2018. Women’s Autonomy and Intimate Partner Violence in Ghana. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 44 (2): 51–61.
  • Tenkorang, Eunice Y., ve Abigail Y. Owusu. 2019. “Does Economic Abuse Affect the Health Outcomes of Women?” Health Education & Behavior 46 (2): 340–348.
  • The United Nations ESCWA. 2025. “The Term of Economic Violence.” Accessed May 3, 2025. https://www.unescwa.org/sd-glossary/economic-violence.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK). 2008. “Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet İstatistikleri.” Accessed December 18, 2024. http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/kadinasiddetdagitim/kadin.zul.
  • UNDP. 2021. “Human Development Index (HDI), Female.” Accessed March 2, 2025. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-202122.
  • UNFPA. 2023. Accessed February 21, 2025. https://turkiye.unfpa.org/tr/news/unfpa-tkdf-ev-i%CC%87ci-siddet-raporu-ac%C4%B1ilandi.
  • Usta, Jinan, Nelly N. Makarem, ve Rima R. Habib. 2013. Economic Abuse in Lebanon: Experiences and Perceptions. Violence Against Women 19 (3): 356–375.
  • Yount, Kathryn M., Kathryn H. Krause, ve Kristin E. VanderEnde. 2016. Economic Coercion and Partner Violence against Wives in Vietnam: A Unified Framework? Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31 (20): 3307–3331.
  • Watts, Charlotte, ve Cathy Zimmerman. 2002. Kadına Yönelik Şiddet: Küresel Kapsam ve Büyüklük. Lancet 359 (9313): 1232–1237.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2006. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2006/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2008. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2008/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2009. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2009/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2010. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-global-gender-gap-report-2010/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2012. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2012/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2013. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2013/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2014. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2014/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2015. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2015/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2016. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-global-gender-gap-report-2016/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2017. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-global-gender-gap-report-2017/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2018. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/the-global-gender-gap-report-2018/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2020. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay- equality/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2021. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2021/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2022. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2022/digest/.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2023. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2023.pdf.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2024. Accessed March 1, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2024/digest/.
  • Werwie, Theresa R., Zoe J. Hildon, Amadou D. Camara, Oumar K. Mbengue, Christine Vondrasek, ve Mamadou Mbaye. 2019. Gender-Based Violence: Connections from a Community Perspective. Journal of Family Violence 34 (8): 769–780.
  • World Bank. 2012. Gender Equality as Smart Economics. World Bank Group. Accessed February 20, 2025. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/459851468046788696/gender-equality-as-smart-economics.
  • World Economic Forum (WEF). 2023. The Global Gender Gap Report. Accessed February 20, 2025. https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-gender-gap-report-2023.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). 2008. A Global Response to Elder Abuse and Neglect: Building Primary Health Care Capacity to Deal with the Problem Worldwide: Main Report. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. Accessed March 3, 2025. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43869/9789241563581_eng.pdf?sequ ence=1&isAllowed=y.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). 2019. Violence Against Women: Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Against Women: Evidence Brief.
  • Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health. 2024. Accessed May 3, 2025. https://pmnch.who.int/news-and-events/events/item/2024/11/25/international- days/international-day-for-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women---2024.
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuki Cinsiyet ve Cinsellik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Dr. Elif Savaşkan 0000-0001-9913-3361

Özlem Atay 0000-0002-2563-825X

Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 83 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Savaşkan, D. E., & Atay, Ö. (2025). KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 83(4), 409-443. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1702630
AMA Savaşkan DE, Atay Ö. KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. ABD. Aralık 2025;83(4):409-443. doi:10.30915/abd.1702630
Chicago Savaşkan, Dr. Elif, ve Özlem Atay. “KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi 83, sy. 4 (Aralık 2025): 409-43. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1702630.
EndNote Savaşkan DE, Atay Ö (01 Aralık 2025) KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Ankara Barosu Dergisi 83 4 409–443.
IEEE D. E. Savaşkan ve Ö. Atay, “KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”, ABD, c. 83, sy. 4, ss. 409–443, 2025, doi: 10.30915/abd.1702630.
ISNAD Savaşkan, Dr. Elif - Atay, Özlem. “KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi 83/4 (Aralık2025), 409-443. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1702630.
JAMA Savaşkan DE, Atay Ö. KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. ABD. 2025;83:409–443.
MLA Savaşkan, Dr. Elif ve Özlem Atay. “KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME”. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, c. 83, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 409-43, doi:10.30915/abd.1702630.
Vancouver Savaşkan DE, Atay Ö. KADINA YÖNELİK EKONOMİK ŞİDDETİN TÜRKİYE BOYUTU: KÜRESEL CİNSİYET FARKI ENDEKSİNE GÖRE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. ABD. 2025;83(4):409-43.

Ankara Barosu Dergisi Chicago atıf sistemini benimsemektedir.