The Concept Of ‘Value Gap’ In The Music Sector Within The Framework Of The European Union’s Directive On Copyright In The Digital Single Market And The Effects Of The Directive On Internet Content Sharing Sites

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 77 Sayı: 4, 139 - 206, 15.01.2020

Tamer Soysal

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.701420

Öz

The rise of the giant internet-content sharing sites in the digital age has created new challenges for copyright law. One of these complicated issues is the concept of value gap especially related to music and film sector. In this new framework, rightholders face difficulties when seeking to license their rights and be remunerated for the online distribution of their works. The value gap describes the growing mismatch between the value that user upload services, such as YouTube and the revenue returned to the right holders and their communities. On 26 March 2019, the European Parliament endorsed the Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market. The Directive was approved by the Council of the European Union on 15 April 2019. The Directive includes provisions intented to rebalance the transfer of value which currently benefits certain online content sharing sites to the detriment of creators of content. The Draft Directive’s provisions on value gap, recitals 38 and 39 and Article 13, were heavily criticized by internet actors. However, much of the criticisms in question was eliminated in the text of the adopted Directive. In practice, the concept of value gap and the problems with the sector arise in general in relation to the music sector. In this respect, an examination will be made based on the music sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Value gap, Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market, Internet content-sharing sites, Copyright Infringement

Avrupa Birliği’nin Dijital Tek Pazarda Telif Hakları Direktifi Çerçevesinde Müzik Sektöründe ‘Değer Boşluğu’ Kavramı ve Düzenlemenin İnternet İçerik Paylaşım Sitelerine Etkileri

Öz

Dijital çağ ile birlikte büyük internet içerik paylaşım sitelerinin kullanılmaya başlamasıyla telif hakları hukukunda yeni sorun alanları oluştu. Bu karmaşık sorunlardan biri, özellikle film ve müzik sektörü ile ilgili oluşan değer boşluğu kavramıdır. Bu çerçevede, hak sahipleri, çalışmaları ile ilgili lisans hakkı alırken ve çalışmalarının çevrimiçi ortamda dağıtımı karşılığında bedel talep ettiklerinde zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Değer farkı, YouTube gibi kullanıcı yükleme hizmetlerinde oluşan değer ile hak sahiplerine ve topluluklarına dönen gelir arasındaki artan uyumsuzluğu ifade eder. Avrupa Parlamentosu, 26 Mart 2019 tarihinde Dijital Tek Pazarda Telif Hakları Direktifi’ni kabul etmiştir. Direktif, 15 Nisan 2019 tarihinde Avrupa Birliği Bakanlar Konseyi tarafından da onaylanmıştır. Direktif, mevcut durumda belirli çevrimiçi içerik paylaşım sitelerinin, içerik sahiplerinin zararına olarak faydalandığı değer aktarımını yeniden dengeleme amaçlı düzenlemeler içermektedir. Taslak Direktif ’te değer farkı konusunun düzenlendiği 38 ve 39. gerekçeler ile 13 üncü madde düzenlemesi internet aktörleri tarafından yoğun şekilde eleştirilmişti. Bununla birlikte, söz konusu eleştiri konularının büyük kısmı, kabul edilen Direktif metninde yer almamıştır. Değer boşluğu kavramının ve sektör ile oluşan sorunlar uygulamada genel olarak müzik
sektörü ile ilgili olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu itibarla makalede müzik sektörü esas alınarak bir inceleme yapılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Değer boşluğu, Dijital Tek Pazarda Telif Hakları Direktifi, İnternet İçerik Paylaşım Siteleri, Telif Hakkı İhlali

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