TİCARETLE BAĞLANTILI FİKRÎ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI ANLAŞMASI ÇERÇEVESİNDE İLAÇ PATENTLERİNDE ZORUNLU LİSANS VE COVID-19 DÖNEMİNDE YAŞANAN BAZI GELİŞMELER

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 81 Sayı: 3, 103 - 186, 11.08.2023

Ahunur Açıkgöz

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1141298

Öz

Çalışmamızda ilaç patentleri bakımından zorunlu lisans kurumu 1995 tarihli Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikrî Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle ilaç patentleri ve sağlık hakkı arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiş ve ilaçların patentlenmesine ilişkin tarihsel sürece kısaca değinilmiştir. Ardından, Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikrî Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması’na ilişkin genel bilgilere yer verilmiş ve anılan Anlaşma’da patentli ilaçlara erişimi artırmak üzere kullanılabilecek hükümler incelenmiştir. Bu hükümler arasından zorunlu lisansa ilişkin düzenlemeler ise ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, kamu sağlığı ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermek üzere zorunlu lisans kurumuna ilişkin değişikliklere yol açan gelişmeler ve bu değişiklikler de anlatılmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise COVID-19 pandemisi esnasında patentli ilaçlar bakımından zorunlu lisans kurumuna ilişkin dünya üzerinde yaşanan birtakım gelişmelere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zorunlu lisans, ilaç patentleri, COVID-19, TRIPS, Doha Deklarasyonu

COMPULSORY LICENSING OF DRUG PATENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN THE COVID-19 ERA

Öz

In this study, compulsory licensing of drug patents is examined in the context of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. First, the connection between drug patents and right to health is explained and a brief history of drug patenting is discussed. After that, some general informations on the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and its provisions that can facilitate access to patented drugs are stated. Among these provisions, the one about the compulsory licensing is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, some events that cause the amendments in the compulsory licensing to address the needs of the public health and also those amendments themselves are discussed. In the last part of the study, some developments related with the compulsory licensing of drug patents throughout the world during the COVID-19 era are introduced.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Compulsory licensing, drug patents, COVID-19, TRIPS, Doha Declaration

Kaynakça

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