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Goji berry ve propolisin kombine kullanımı birbirlerinin prebiyotik ve antibakteriyel etkilerini artırabilir mi?

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 63, 215 - 237, 30.09.2021

Öz

Bağırsak florasının korunması, vücudun immünolojik cevap kapasitesinin artırılmasında çok önemli bir faktördür. Bağırsakta doğal olarak yaşayan veya gıda enfeksiyonu sonucu bağırsağa yerleşen patojen bakterilerinin salgıladığı toksinlerin, zehirlenmelere yol açması nedeniyle bu bakterilerin sayısının hastalık yapmayacak bir seviyede tutulması, insan sağlığı için çok büyük önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca bağırsak geçirgenliğinin bozulduğu durumlarda bu patojen bakterilerin vücuda yayılması sepsis, menenjit gibi ağır hastalıkların oluşmasına da sebebiyet vermektedir. Vücuda enerji ve anabolik metabolizma için yapı taşı sağlayan bağırsak florasının korunması ve bağırsağın hastalık etmenine dönüşmekten çıkması amacıyla doğru gıda takviyesi kullanımı çok önemlidir. Bu noktada özelikle bağırsakta probiyotik ve prebiyotik etkinin en üst seviyede tutulması gerekliliği doğmuştur. Her gıda ve/veya gıda takviyesi özgün kapasitesi nedeniyle probiyotik bakteri sayısını arttırma veya antibakteriyel etki gösterme yönünden yeterli olmayabilir veya etki gösteremeyebilir. Bu kişinin, beslenme düzeni ve beslenme içeriği ile de değişmektedir. Bu nedenle, kafeik asit gibi içerdikleri çeşitli aktif bileşenleri yardımı ile ulaştıkları preventif ve terapotik yeterlilikleri çeşitli hastalıklarda ispatlanan goji berry ve propolisin, birlikte kullanımının faydalı bakteri sayısını artırabileceği, patojen bakteri sayısını azaltarak ve savunma sistemini modüle ederek yüksek antibakteriyel etki gösterebileceği düşünülebilir. Bu derlemede, bu iki takviyenin birlikte kullanımının gıda güvenliği bakımından olası sonuçları tartışılacaktır

Kaynakça

  • [1] Alfarrayeh, I., Fekete, C., Gazdag, Z., Papp, G., (2021). Propolis ethanolic extract has double-face in vitro effect on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of some commercial probiotics. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1),1033-1039.
  • [2] Altındiş, M., Aslan, F.G., Uzuner, H., Ünal, H., Köroğlu, M., Kulaç, S., Karadenizli, A., (2020). Zeytin Yaprağı Ekstresi ve Propolisin Herpes Simpleks Virüsü Tip 1 Üzerine Antiviral Etkisinin Asiklovir ile Karşılaştırılması [Comparison of Antiviral Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Propolis with Acyclovir on Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1]. Mikrobiyol Bulletin, 54(1),79-94.
  • [3] Arroyo-Martinez, Q., Sáenz, M.J., Argüelles Arias, F., Acosta, M.S., (2011). Lycium barbarum: a new hepatotoxic "natural" agent? Digestive and Liver Disease,43(9),749.
  • [4] Braakhuis, A., (2019). Evidence on the Health Benefits of Supplemental Propolis. Nutrients, 11(11), 2705.
  • [5] Boyanova, L., Kolarov, R., Gergova, G., Mitov, I., (2006). In vitro activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe, 12, 173–177.
  • [6] Chang, S.K., Alasalvar, C., Shahidi, F., (2019). Superfruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health effects - A comprehensive review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59 (10),1580-1604.
  • [7] Becker, C., Neurath, M.F., Wirtz, S., (2015). The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal, 56 (2),192-204.
  • [8] de Groot A.C., (2013). Propolis: a review of properties, applications, chemical composition, contact allergy, and other adverse effects. Dermatitis,24(6), 263-82.
  • [9] Ilić, T., Dodevska, M., Marčetić, M., Božić, D., Kodranov, I., Vidović, B., (2020). Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Goji Berries Cultivated in Serbia. Foods, 9(11),1614.
  • [10] Islam, T., Yu, X., Badwal, T.S., Xu, B., (2017). Comparative studies on phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities and carotenoid contents of red goji berry (Lycium barbarum) and black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum). Chemistry Center Journal,11(1),59.
  • [11] Kang, Y., Yang, G., Zhang, S., Ross C.F., Zhu, M.J., (2018). Goji Berry Modulates Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis in IL-10-Deficient Mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(22),e1800535.
  • [12] Kędzia, A., (1986). Działanie wyciągu etanolowego z propolisu na bakterie beztlenowe. Herba Polonica, 32, 53–57.
  • [13] Kędzia, A., Kałowski, M., (1988). Ocena skuteczności działania wyciągu etanolowego z propolisu na bakterie bezwzględnie beztlenowe jamy ustnej. Czas Stomat, 41, 757–762.
  • [14] Kędzia, A., (1988). Wrażliwość bakterii bezwzględnie beztlenowych na wyciąg etanolowy z propolisu. Herba Polonica, 34, 267–272.
  • [15] Keflie, T.S., Biesalski, H.K., (2021). Micronutrients and bioactive substances: Their potential roles in combating COVID-19. Nutrition, 84,111103.
  • [16] Koru, O., Toksoy, F., Acikel, C.H., Tunca, Y.M., Baysallar, M., Uskudar Guclu, A., Akca, E., Ozkok Tuylu, A., Sorkun, K., Tanyuksel, M., Salih, B., (2007). In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from different geographical origins against certain oral pathogens. Anaerobe, 13(3-4),140-5.
  • [17] Larramendi, C.H., García-Abujeta, J.L., Vicario, S., García-Endrino, A., López-Matas, M.A., García-Sedeño, M.D., Carnés, J., (2012). Goji berries (Lycium barbarum): risk of allergic reactions in individuals with food allergy. The Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology,22(5),345-50.
  • [18] Lim, Y.K., Yoo, S.Y., Jang, Y.Y., Lee, B.C., Lee, D.S., Kook, J.K., (2019). Anti-inflammatory and in vitro bone formation effects of Garcinia mangostana L. and propolis extracts. The Food Science and Biotechnology, 29(4),539-548.
  • [19] Ma, Z. F., Zhang, H., Teh, S. S., Wang, C. W., Zhang, Y., Hayford, F., Wang, L., Ma, T., Dong, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, Y., (2019). Goji Berries as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Their Molecular Mechanisms of Action. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2437397.
  • [20] Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Borawska MH, Fiedorowicz A, Naliwajko SK, Sawicka D, Car H., (2013). Propolis changes the anticancer activity of temozolomide in U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 50.
  • [21] Mazzarello, V., Donadu, M.G., Ferrari, M., Piga, G., Usai, D., Zanetti, S., Sotgiu, M.A., (2018). Treatment of acne with a combination of propolis, tea tree oil, and Aloe vera compared to erythromycin cream: two double-blind investigations. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10,175-181.
  • [22] Mocan, A., Vlase, L., Vodnar, D..C, Gheldiu, A.M., Oprean, R., Crișan, G., (2015). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Effects and Phenolic Profile of Lycium barbarum L. Flowers. Molecules, 20(8),15060-71.
  • [23] Mocan, A., Vlase, L., Vodnar, D.C., Bischin, C., Hanganu, D., Gheldiu, A.M., Oprean, R., Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R., Crișan, G., (2014). Polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill. leaves. Molecules, 19 (7), 10056–10073.
  • [24] Nyman, G., Oldberg Wagner, S., Prystupa-Chalkidis, K., Ryberg, K., Hagvall, L., (2020). Contact Allergy in Western Sweden to Propolis of Four Different Origins. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 100 (16), adv00256.
  • [25] Nyman, G.S.A., Tang, M., Inerot, A., Osmancevic, A., Malmberg, P., Hagvall, L. (2019). Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 81(2),110-116.
  • [26] Olgierd, B., Kamila, Ż., Anna, B., Emilia, M. (2021). The Pluripotent Activities of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester. Molecules, 26(5),1335.
  • [27] Pickard, J.M., Zeng, M.Y., Caruso, R., Núñez, G., (2017). Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunological Reviews, 279(1),70-89.
  • [28] Potterat O., (2010). Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta Medica, 76(1),7-19.
  • [29] Przybyłek, I., Karpiński, T.M., (2019). Antibacterial Properties of Propolis. Molecules, 24 (11), 2047.
  • [30]Santos, L.M., Fonseca, M.S., Sokolonski, A.R., Deegan, K.R., Araújo, R.P., Umsza-Guez, M.A., Barbosa, J.D., Portela, R.D., Machado, B.A., (2020). Propolis: types, composition, biological activities, and veterinary product patent prospecting. The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(4),1369-1382.
  • [31] Shabbir, A., Rashid, M., Tipu, H.N., (2016). Propolis, a hope for the future in treating resistant periodontal pathogens. Cureus, 8, e682.
  • [32] Shi, Y., Nedorost, S., Scheman, L., Scheman, A., (2016). Propolis, Colophony, and Fragrance Cross-Reactivity and Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Dermatitis,27(3),123-6.
  • [33] Toyoda, T., Tsukamoto, T., Takasu, S., Shi, L., Hirano, N., Ban, H., Kumagai, T., Tatematsu, M., (2009). Anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor, on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. International Journal of Cancer, 125, 1786–1795.
  • [34] Wang, J., Qi, F,, Wang, Z,, Zhang, Z., Pan, N., Huai, L., Qu, S., Zhao, L., (2020). A review of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of glioblastoma. BioScience Trends, 13(6):476-487. [35] Wagh, V.D., (2013). Propolis: A wonder bees product and its pharmacological potentials. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, 308249.
  • [36] Yao, R., Heinrich, M., Weckerle, C.S., (2018). The genus Lycium as food and medicine: A botanical, ethnobotanical and historical review. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 212, 50-66.
  • [37] Yoshimasu, Y., Ikeda, T., Sakai, N., Yagi, A., Hirayama, S., Morinaga, Y., Furukawa, S., Nakao, R., (2018). Rapid bactericidal action of propolis against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of Dental Research, 97, 928–936.
  • [38] Zabaiou, N., Fouache, A., Trousson, A., Baron, S., Zellagui, A., Lahouel, M., Lobaccaro, J.A., (2017). Biological properties of propolis extracts: Something new from an ancient product. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 207(Pt B):214-222.
  • [39] Zhu, W., Zhou, S., Liu, J., McLean, R.J.C., Chu, W., (2020). Prebiotic, immuno-stimulating and gut microbiota-modulating effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy,121,109591.

Can the combined use of gojiberry and propolis increase each other's prebiotic and antibacterial effects?

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 63, 215 - 237, 30.09.2021

Öz

The preservation of the intestinal flora is a very important factor in increasing the immunological response capacity of the body. It is of great importance for human health to keep the number of pathogenic bacteria which are naturally live in the intestine or settle in the intestine as a result of food infection at a level that will not cause disease because toxins secreted by them cause poisoning. In addition, in cases where intestinal permeability is impaired, the spread of these pathogenic bacteria to the body causes serious diseases such as sepsis and meningitis. It is very important to use the right food supplement in order to protect the intestinal flora, which provides the building blocks for energy and anabolic metabolism, and to prevent it from becoming a disease factor. At this point, it becomes necessary to keep the probiotic and prebiotic effect at the highest level, especially in the intestine. Due to its unique capacity, each food and/or food supplement may not be sufficient or may not be effective in increasing the number of probiotic bacteria or showing antibacterial effect. It also changes with the person's diet and its’ nutritional content. For this reason, it can be thought that the use of goji berry and propolis, whose preventive and therapeutic capabilities have been proven in various diseases by the help of their various active components such as caffeic acid, can increase the number of beneficial bacteria, reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria and show a high antibacterial effect by modulating the defense system. In this review, the possible consequences of using these two supplements together will be discussed in terms of food safety.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Alfarrayeh, I., Fekete, C., Gazdag, Z., Papp, G., (2021). Propolis ethanolic extract has double-face in vitro effect on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of some commercial probiotics. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1),1033-1039.
  • [2] Altındiş, M., Aslan, F.G., Uzuner, H., Ünal, H., Köroğlu, M., Kulaç, S., Karadenizli, A., (2020). Zeytin Yaprağı Ekstresi ve Propolisin Herpes Simpleks Virüsü Tip 1 Üzerine Antiviral Etkisinin Asiklovir ile Karşılaştırılması [Comparison of Antiviral Effect of Olive Leaf Extract and Propolis with Acyclovir on Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1]. Mikrobiyol Bulletin, 54(1),79-94.
  • [3] Arroyo-Martinez, Q., Sáenz, M.J., Argüelles Arias, F., Acosta, M.S., (2011). Lycium barbarum: a new hepatotoxic "natural" agent? Digestive and Liver Disease,43(9),749.
  • [4] Braakhuis, A., (2019). Evidence on the Health Benefits of Supplemental Propolis. Nutrients, 11(11), 2705.
  • [5] Boyanova, L., Kolarov, R., Gergova, G., Mitov, I., (2006). In vitro activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe, 12, 173–177.
  • [6] Chang, S.K., Alasalvar, C., Shahidi, F., (2019). Superfruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health effects - A comprehensive review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59 (10),1580-1604.
  • [7] Becker, C., Neurath, M.F., Wirtz, S., (2015). The Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Journal, 56 (2),192-204.
  • [8] de Groot A.C., (2013). Propolis: a review of properties, applications, chemical composition, contact allergy, and other adverse effects. Dermatitis,24(6), 263-82.
  • [9] Ilić, T., Dodevska, M., Marčetić, M., Božić, D., Kodranov, I., Vidović, B., (2020). Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Goji Berries Cultivated in Serbia. Foods, 9(11),1614.
  • [10] Islam, T., Yu, X., Badwal, T.S., Xu, B., (2017). Comparative studies on phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities and carotenoid contents of red goji berry (Lycium barbarum) and black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum). Chemistry Center Journal,11(1),59.
  • [11] Kang, Y., Yang, G., Zhang, S., Ross C.F., Zhu, M.J., (2018). Goji Berry Modulates Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis in IL-10-Deficient Mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(22),e1800535.
  • [12] Kędzia, A., (1986). Działanie wyciągu etanolowego z propolisu na bakterie beztlenowe. Herba Polonica, 32, 53–57.
  • [13] Kędzia, A., Kałowski, M., (1988). Ocena skuteczności działania wyciągu etanolowego z propolisu na bakterie bezwzględnie beztlenowe jamy ustnej. Czas Stomat, 41, 757–762.
  • [14] Kędzia, A., (1988). Wrażliwość bakterii bezwzględnie beztlenowych na wyciąg etanolowy z propolisu. Herba Polonica, 34, 267–272.
  • [15] Keflie, T.S., Biesalski, H.K., (2021). Micronutrients and bioactive substances: Their potential roles in combating COVID-19. Nutrition, 84,111103.
  • [16] Koru, O., Toksoy, F., Acikel, C.H., Tunca, Y.M., Baysallar, M., Uskudar Guclu, A., Akca, E., Ozkok Tuylu, A., Sorkun, K., Tanyuksel, M., Salih, B., (2007). In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis samples from different geographical origins against certain oral pathogens. Anaerobe, 13(3-4),140-5.
  • [17] Larramendi, C.H., García-Abujeta, J.L., Vicario, S., García-Endrino, A., López-Matas, M.A., García-Sedeño, M.D., Carnés, J., (2012). Goji berries (Lycium barbarum): risk of allergic reactions in individuals with food allergy. The Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology,22(5),345-50.
  • [18] Lim, Y.K., Yoo, S.Y., Jang, Y.Y., Lee, B.C., Lee, D.S., Kook, J.K., (2019). Anti-inflammatory and in vitro bone formation effects of Garcinia mangostana L. and propolis extracts. The Food Science and Biotechnology, 29(4),539-548.
  • [19] Ma, Z. F., Zhang, H., Teh, S. S., Wang, C. W., Zhang, Y., Hayford, F., Wang, L., Ma, T., Dong, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, Y., (2019). Goji Berries as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Their Molecular Mechanisms of Action. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2437397.
  • [20] Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Borawska MH, Fiedorowicz A, Naliwajko SK, Sawicka D, Car H., (2013). Propolis changes the anticancer activity of temozolomide in U87MG human glioblastoma cell line. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 50.
  • [21] Mazzarello, V., Donadu, M.G., Ferrari, M., Piga, G., Usai, D., Zanetti, S., Sotgiu, M.A., (2018). Treatment of acne with a combination of propolis, tea tree oil, and Aloe vera compared to erythromycin cream: two double-blind investigations. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10,175-181.
  • [22] Mocan, A., Vlase, L., Vodnar, D..C, Gheldiu, A.M., Oprean, R., Crișan, G., (2015). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Effects and Phenolic Profile of Lycium barbarum L. Flowers. Molecules, 20(8),15060-71.
  • [23] Mocan, A., Vlase, L., Vodnar, D.C., Bischin, C., Hanganu, D., Gheldiu, A.M., Oprean, R., Silaghi-Dumitrescu, R., Crișan, G., (2014). Polyphenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill. leaves. Molecules, 19 (7), 10056–10073.
  • [24] Nyman, G., Oldberg Wagner, S., Prystupa-Chalkidis, K., Ryberg, K., Hagvall, L., (2020). Contact Allergy in Western Sweden to Propolis of Four Different Origins. Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 100 (16), adv00256.
  • [25] Nyman, G.S.A., Tang, M., Inerot, A., Osmancevic, A., Malmberg, P., Hagvall, L. (2019). Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 81(2),110-116.
  • [26] Olgierd, B., Kamila, Ż., Anna, B., Emilia, M. (2021). The Pluripotent Activities of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester. Molecules, 26(5),1335.
  • [27] Pickard, J.M., Zeng, M.Y., Caruso, R., Núñez, G., (2017). Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunological Reviews, 279(1),70-89.
  • [28] Potterat O., (2010). Goji (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense): Phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety in the perspective of traditional uses and recent popularity. Planta Medica, 76(1),7-19.
  • [29] Przybyłek, I., Karpiński, T.M., (2019). Antibacterial Properties of Propolis. Molecules, 24 (11), 2047.
  • [30]Santos, L.M., Fonseca, M.S., Sokolonski, A.R., Deegan, K.R., Araújo, R.P., Umsza-Guez, M.A., Barbosa, J.D., Portela, R.D., Machado, B.A., (2020). Propolis: types, composition, biological activities, and veterinary product patent prospecting. The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(4),1369-1382.
  • [31] Shabbir, A., Rashid, M., Tipu, H.N., (2016). Propolis, a hope for the future in treating resistant periodontal pathogens. Cureus, 8, e682.
  • [32] Shi, Y., Nedorost, S., Scheman, L., Scheman, A., (2016). Propolis, Colophony, and Fragrance Cross-Reactivity and Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Dermatitis,27(3),123-6.
  • [33] Toyoda, T., Tsukamoto, T., Takasu, S., Shi, L., Hirano, N., Ban, H., Kumagai, T., Tatematsu, M., (2009). Anti-inflammatory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor, on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils. International Journal of Cancer, 125, 1786–1795.
  • [34] Wang, J., Qi, F,, Wang, Z,, Zhang, Z., Pan, N., Huai, L., Qu, S., Zhao, L., (2020). A review of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of glioblastoma. BioScience Trends, 13(6):476-487. [35] Wagh, V.D., (2013). Propolis: A wonder bees product and its pharmacological potentials. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, 308249.
  • [36] Yao, R., Heinrich, M., Weckerle, C.S., (2018). The genus Lycium as food and medicine: A botanical, ethnobotanical and historical review. Journal of Ethnopharmacol, 212, 50-66.
  • [37] Yoshimasu, Y., Ikeda, T., Sakai, N., Yagi, A., Hirayama, S., Morinaga, Y., Furukawa, S., Nakao, R., (2018). Rapid bactericidal action of propolis against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of Dental Research, 97, 928–936.
  • [38] Zabaiou, N., Fouache, A., Trousson, A., Baron, S., Zellagui, A., Lahouel, M., Lobaccaro, J.A., (2017). Biological properties of propolis extracts: Something new from an ancient product. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 207(Pt B):214-222.
  • [39] Zhu, W., Zhou, S., Liu, J., McLean, R.J.C., Chu, W., (2020). Prebiotic, immuno-stimulating and gut microbiota-modulating effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide. Biomedicine Pharmacotherapy,121,109591.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mine Ergüven 0000-0002-6583-0684

Moukarama Hared Moussa Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2374-8508

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 63

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergüven, M., & Hared Moussa, M. (2021). Goji berry ve propolisin kombine kullanımı birbirlerinin prebiyotik ve antibakteriyel etkilerini artırabilir mi?. Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 16(63), 215-237.


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