Terörün Yeni Yüzü: Biyolojik Terör

Öz

Küresel terörizm hızla büyüyen ve aynı zamanda dünya güvenliğine yönelik bir tehdittir ve biyoterörizm riskini artırmaktadır. Bu derlemede terör, terörizm ve potansiyel biyoterörizm tehdidi tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca istismar edilebilecek ajanlar, teknolojilerdeki son gelişmeler ve kasıtlı olarak başlatılan biyolojik tehlikenin tespiti ve kontrolünü de ele alınmaktadır. Terör; eylem haline getirilmiş bir olay, terörizm ise terörün dini, siyasi veya ekonomik amaçlarına ulaşma stratejisini veya ideolojisini gerçekleştirmek için izlediği yöntemi anlatmaktadır. Terörizmin sebepleri etnik, psikolojik, kültürel, ekonomik, jeopolitik ve sosyal çevre olmak üzere çok çeşitli olabilir. Başlıca terör çeşitleri; bireysel terörizm, devlete karşı terörizm, ulusüstü terörizm, biyolojik terörizm, narko-terörizm, ve küresel terörizmdir. Biyoterörizm; kişiler, gruplar veya hükümetler tarafından ideolojik, dini, politik veya ekonomik kazanç sağlamak için insanlar, hayvanlar ve bitkiler arasında hastalığa ve/veya ölüme sebebiyet vermek amacıyla biyolojik ajanların kasıtlı olarak kullanılması veya kullanılma tehdididir. Temelinde yatan amaç; özelde insanların genelde ise tüm canlılarda olumsuz etkileri olan biyolojik patojenleri, biyolojik silah şeklinde kullanmaktır. Örneğin II. Dünya Savaşında Japon kuvvetleri, Mançurya’daki esirler üzerinde şarbon, veba ve çiçek gibi kolayca yayılabilen çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalıklarını deneyip ölümlerine neden olmuşlardır. Günümüzde terörist yapılar ile düzenli ordular arasında vekâlet savaşları yaşanmaktadır ve silah olarak da biyolojik ajanların kullanılması oldukça kuvvetli bir olasılıktır. Burada karşımıza iki tane kavram çıkmaktadır. Bu kavramlar; biyolojik savaş ve biyolojik terör yani biyoterörizmdir. Askeri yapılanmaları hedefleyen saldırılar “biyolojik savaş”, sivil halkı hedefleyen saldırılar ise “biyoterörizm” olarak kabul edilmektedir. Biyoterör eylemlerinin sebepleri; politik, dinsel, fikirsel veya suç nedenli olabilir, kitlesel veya bireysel olarak planlanabilir veya terörist faaliyetlerin dahilinde olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Terör
• Terörizm
• Biyoterör
• Biyolojik Savaş

The New Face of Terror: Biological Terror

Öz

Terrorism is serially growing in global, threat the security of world and rises the danger of bioterrorism. This mini review includes terror, terrorism and the potential danger or treat of bioterrorism. And also biological agents that could be sweated, last developments in novel technologies, detecting and/or controlling the biological treat. Terror; an event that been brought into action. Terrorism, on the other hand, describes the method has followed to realize the strategy or ideology of terrorism to achieve its religious, political or economic goals. The causes of terrorism are very diverse. For example it can be economic, psychological, ethnic, geopolitical and socio-cultural. The main types of terrorism; individual terrorism, supranational terrorism, biological terrorism, narco-terrorism, counter- state terrorism and global terrorism. Bioterrorism can be ideological, religious, political or economic gain by individuals, groups or governments and the use of biological agents cause disease or death among humanbeings, many animals and plants. Underlying purpose is to use biological pathogens, which have negative effects on people in particular and all living things in general, as biological weapons. For example, during World War II, Japanese forces tried various infectious diseases such as anthrax, plague and smallpox on prisoners in Manchuria and caused deaths. Today, proxy wars are taking place between terrorist structures and regular armies, and the use of biological agents as a weapon is a very strong possibility. Two concepts emerge here; biological warfare and bioterrorism. Attacks targeting military structures are considered “biological warfare”and attacks targeting civilians are considered “bioterrorism”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Terror
• Terrorism
• Bioterrorism
• Biological Warfare

Kaynakça

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