Moffitt'in Gelişimsel Suç Teorisi Açısından Gençlerde Tekrar Suç İşlemeyi Etkileyen Risk ve Koruyucu Faktörler: Bir İnceleme Çalışması

Öz

Küresel olarak çocuk adaleti sistemleri, gençlerin tekrar suç işleme eğilimi ile ilgili önemli bir sorunla karşı karşıyadır. Suça sürüklenen çocuk sayısı tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Özellikle gençlerin tekrar suç işlemesinde etkili olan koruyucu ve risk faktörleri bu açıdan hem gençlerin rehabilitasyon sürecinde hem de tahliye sonrası dönemde önem taşımaktadır. Bu literatür incelemesinde, gençlerin suç işlemesinde etkili olan risk ve koruyucu faktörler dünya çapında örneklerle ele alınmaktadır. Önceki araştırmalara göre özet olarak birçok ailesel, çevresel, zihinsel, davranışsal ve sosyal faktör gençlerin yeniden suç işleme oranını önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Öte yandan rehabilitasyon programları, eğitimsel iyileştirmeler, öğrenme becerilerinin arttırılması, güvenli ortamların ve akranların sağlanması, ebeveyn katılımı gibi birçok faktörün gençlerde yeniden suç işlemeyi azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Gençlerin yeniden suç işlemelerinin engellenmesi için koruyucu unsurlara önem verilmeli ve gerekli fırsatlar sağlanmalıdır. Gencin çevresindeki risk faktörleri azaldıkça ve koruyucu faktörler arttıkça tekrar suç işleme oranının azalacağı birçok çalışmada tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çocuk suçlu
• yeniden suç işleme
• risk faktörleri
• koruyucu faktörler

Risk and Protective Factors Affecting Juvenile Recidivism from the Perspective of Moffitt's Developmental Theory of Crime: A Review Study

Öz

Globally, juvenile justice systems face a significant problem related to the tendency of juvenile to recidivate. The number of children drawn into crime is increasing all over the world. In particular, protective and risk factors that are effective in juvenile’s recidivate behavior are important in this respect, both in the rehabilitation process of children and in the post-release period. This compilation study examines the risk and protective factors that are effective in juvenile’s recidivate behavior with examples from around the world. According to previous studies, in summary, many familial, environmental, mental, behavioral and social factors significantly increase the rate of juvenile recidivate behavior. On the other hand, it has been determined that many factors such as rehabilitation programs, educational improvements, increasing learning skills, providing safe environments and peers, and parental involvement reduce the rate of recidivate behavior in juvenile. In order to prevent juvenile from recidivating, importance should be given to protective factors and the necessary opportunities should be provided. It has been determined in many studies that the rate of recidivate behavior decreases as the risk factors in the juvenile’s environment decrease and protective factors increase.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• juvenile offender
• recidivism
• risk factors
• protective factors

Kaynakça

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