Uzun süreli düzenli egzersiz ve retinokoroidal yapı değişiklikleri: gerçek yaşam verilerl üzerine bir çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Egzersiz göz kan perfüzyon basıncını artırır. Retina ve koroid, kan akışını belirli bir dereceye kadar otoregüle eder. Çalışmaların çoğu egzersizin kısa süreli oftalmolojik etkilerine odaklanmış ve çelişkili sonuçlar göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, egzersizin retina ve koroid üzerindeki etkilerini ve egzersizle değişen sistemik parametrelerin ek katkısını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: En az 2 yıl egzersiz yapan katılımcılar çalışma grubunu ve egzersiz yapmayanlar kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Kan basıncı, kalp hızı, vücut kitle indeksi, HbA1c, tam kan sayımı, lipid profili, tiroid uyarıcı hormon, serbest T4, serbest T3 ve C-reaktif protein analiz edildi. Sağ gözlerin retina katmanları ve koroidal kalınlıkları optik koherens tomografi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Egzersiz yapan grup 36, kontrol grubu ise 35 katılımcıdan oluşuyordu. Düzenli egzersiz yapılan süre ortalaması 4,29±2,5 yıldı. Koroid kalınlığı, egzersiz grubunda, kontrol grubuna kıyasla nazal (p<0,05) ve subfoveal makula alanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0,01), bununla birlikte tüm alanlarda artış gösterdi. Hematolojik parametrelerde, egzersiz grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, gerçek yaşam koşullarında, uzun dönem düzenli egzersizden sonra oluşan retina ve koroid değişikliklerini bildiren ilk çalışmadır. Koroidin anlamlı olarak kalınlaşması, egzersiz sırasında artan oküler perfüzyon basıncının, uzun süreli spor aktivitesi sırasında zaman zaman koroid otoregülasyonunun düzenleyici kapasitesini aşabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Egzersiz
• gerçek yaşam koşulları
• hematolojik parametreler
• kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri
• koroid
• retina

Long-term regular exercise effect on retinal and choroidal structure: insights from real-life data

Abstract

Aims: Exercise increases ocular perfusion pressure. The retina and choroid can autoregulate blood flow to a certain extent in response to this increase. Most of the studies have focused on short-term ophthalmologic effects of exercise and showed conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of regular exercise on retinal and choroidal structures, as well as the potential contribution of exercise-related systemic changes. Methods: Participants who had engaged in regular exercise for at least two years were included in the study group, while those who had not exercised were assigned to the control group. Clinical assessments included blood pressure, heart rate, body-mass index, HbA1c, complete blood count, lipid profile, thyroid-stimulating hormone, fT3, fT4, and C-reactive protein. Retinal and choroidal thicknesses in the right eye were measured using optical coherence tomography. Results: The trained group consisted of 36 participants and the untrained group included 35 participants. The mean duration of regular exercise was 4.29±2.5 years. Choroidal thickness was greater at all measured points in the trained group compared with controls, with significant differences at nasal (p<0.05) and subfoveal (p<0.01) measurements. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and eosinophil counts were also significantly higher in the trained group. Conclusion: This study is, to our knowledge, the first to investigate the effects of long-term, consistent physical activity by non professionals in real-life settings on retinal and choroidal structures. Choroidal autoregulation normally maintains stable blood flow even when ocular perfusion pressure rises during exercise. However, the observed long-term choroidal thickening suggests that prolonged physical activity may exceed this regulatory capacity.

Keywords

• Cardiovascular risk factors
• choroid
• exercise
• hematological parameters
• real-life conditions
• retina

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