Research Article

Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder

Volume: 7 Number: 5 September 15, 2025
TR EN

Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder (NVFGB) identified during second-trimester anatomical screening. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 22 pregnancies diagnosed with isolated NVFGB between November 2022 and January 2025 at a tertiary maternal–fetal medicine unit. Cases with additional structural anomalies, multiple gestations, or elective terminations were excluded. Maternal demographics, antenatal ultrasound findings, and neonatal outcomes were reviewed. Postnatal imaging and clinical follow-up were evaluated for gallbladder visualization and underlying pathology. Results: In half of the included cases (11/22), the gallbladder was visualized either on follow-up scans or after birth. Among the remaining 11 cases, two had midline-located gallbladders on postnatal imaging, one of which required surgical correction for intestinal malrotation. Two fetuses were prenatally diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, including one complicated by meconium peritonitis requiring surgery. Two additional cases were diagnosed postnatally with biliary atresia and underwent hepatoportoenterostomy. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was performed in ten cases; no anomalies were identified aside from cystic fibrosis. Overall, five cases (23%) were associated with significant postnatal diagnoses requiring medical or surgical intervention. Conclusion: Although isolated NVFGB is often a benign and transient finding, it may occasionally indicate serious underlying conditions such as biliary atresia or cystic fibrosis. Detailed follow-up, repeat imaging in late gestation, and thorough postnatal evaluation are essential for appropriate diagnosis and management.

Keywords

References

  1. Ando H. Embryology of the biliary tract. Dig Surg. 2010;27(2):87-89. doi: 10.1159/000286463
  2. Dachman AH, Schneck C. Embryology of the gallbladder. In: imaging atlas of the normal gallbladder and its variants. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2018.
  3. Ochshorn Y, Rosner G, Barel D, Bronshtein M, Muller F, Yaron Y. Clinical evaluation of isolated nonvisualized fetal gallbladder. Prenat Diagn. 2007;27(8):699-703. doi:10.1002/pd.1757
  4. Zeng Y, Hu R, Lu J, et al. Prenatal genetic detection in foetus with gallbladder size anomalies: cohort study and systematic review of the literature. Ann Med. 2025;57(1):2440638. doi:10.1080/07853890.2024.2440638
  5. Bardin R, Ashwal E, Davidov B, Danon D, Shohat M, Meizner I. Nonvisualization of the fetal gallbladder: can levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in amniotic fluid predict fetal prognosis? Fetal Diagn Ther. 2016;39(1):50-55. doi:10.1159/000430440
  6. Zhang H, Zhu X, Kang J, Sun Y, Yang H. Pregnancy outcomes of non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder from a Chinese tertiary single centre and literature review. Children (Basel). 2022;9(9):1288. doi:10. 3390/children9091288
  7. Avni FE, Garel C, Naccarella N, Franchi-Abella S. Anomalies of the fetal gallbladder: pre- and postnatal correlations. Pediatr Radiol. 2023;53(4): 602-609. doi:10.1007/s00247-022-05457-w
  8. Markova D, Markova T, Pandya P, David AL. Postnatal outcome after ultrasound findings of an abnormal fetal gallbladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prenat Diagn. 2025;45(2):185-195. doi:10.1002/pd.6719

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 15, 2025

Submission Date

August 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 7 Number: 5

APA
Bayrak, A. Ç., Ağaoğlu, R. T., Seyhan, B., Akbulut, Ö. V., Tezcan, A. Y., & Yakut Yücel, K. (2025). Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 7(5), 642-646. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1759128
AMA
1.Bayrak AÇ, Ağaoğlu RT, Seyhan B, Akbulut ÖV, Tezcan AY, Yakut Yücel K. Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2025;7(5):642-646. doi:10.38053/acmj.1759128
Chicago
Bayrak, Ayşe Çiğdem, Recep Taha Ağaoğlu, Berna Seyhan, Özgür Volkan Akbulut, Aysu Yeşim Tezcan, and Kadriye Yakut Yücel. 2025. “Perinatal Outcomes of Isolated Non-Visualization of the Fetal Gallbladder”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 7 (5): 642-46. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1759128.
EndNote
Bayrak AÇ, Ağaoğlu RT, Seyhan B, Akbulut ÖV, Tezcan AY, Yakut Yücel K (September 1, 2025) Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 7 5 642–646.
IEEE
[1]A. Ç. Bayrak, R. T. Ağaoğlu, B. Seyhan, Ö. V. Akbulut, A. Y. Tezcan, and K. Yakut Yücel, “Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 642–646, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.38053/acmj.1759128.
ISNAD
Bayrak, Ayşe Çiğdem - Ağaoğlu, Recep Taha - Seyhan, Berna - Akbulut, Özgür Volkan - Tezcan, Aysu Yeşim - Yakut Yücel, Kadriye. “Perinatal Outcomes of Isolated Non-Visualization of the Fetal Gallbladder”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 7/5 (September 1, 2025): 642-646. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1759128.
JAMA
1.Bayrak AÇ, Ağaoğlu RT, Seyhan B, Akbulut ÖV, Tezcan AY, Yakut Yücel K. Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2025;7:642–646.
MLA
Bayrak, Ayşe Çiğdem, et al. “Perinatal Outcomes of Isolated Non-Visualization of the Fetal Gallbladder”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, Sept. 2025, pp. 642-6, doi:10.38053/acmj.1759128.
Vancouver
1.Ayşe Çiğdem Bayrak, Recep Taha Ağaoğlu, Berna Seyhan, Özgür Volkan Akbulut, Aysu Yeşim Tezcan, Kadriye Yakut Yücel. Perinatal outcomes of isolated non-visualization of the fetal gallbladder. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2025 Sep. 1;7(5):642-6. doi:10.38053/acmj.1759128

 

TR DİZİN ULAKBİM and International Indexes (1b)
 

Interuniversity Board (UAK) Equivalency:  Article published in Ulakbim TR Index journal [10 POINTS], and Article published in other (excuding 1a, b, c) international indexed journal (1d) [5 POINTS]

Note: Our journal is not WOS indexed and therefore is not classified as Q.

You can download Council of Higher Education (CoHG) [Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu (YÖK)] Criteria) decisions about predatory/questionable journals and the author's clarification text and journal charge policy from your browser. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/3449/file/4924/show

 

Journal Indexes and Platforms: 

TR Dizin ULAKBİM, Google Scholar, Crossref, Worldcat (OCLC), DRJI, EuroPub, OpenAIRE, Turkiye Citation Index, Turk Medline, ROAD, ICI World of Journal's, Index Copernicus, ASOS Index, General Impact Factor, Scilit.


 

The indexes of the journal's are;


 

download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoiVHJfSW5kZXhfbG9nby5wbmciLCJwYXRoIjoiMDFiOS82MmZhLzA3MzMvNjlkZjNlNTdhMmI4ZjkuODYxMzMxMjQucG5nIiwiZXhwIjoxNzc2MjQxNzY3LCJub25jZSI6ImQyMTQ4MjdiNTg1ZjVmMGQwYzAzZTMxNzMwM2QwMThmIn0.RmnGvwR536HdIoKpGO-ApytZ5aRPRT_BFXE2EpGSIqc

asos-index.png
 
f9ab67f.png
 
WorldCat_Logo_H_Color.png
 

 

18596download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoiT3BlbkFpcmUuanBnIiwicGF0aCI6IjUyMWYvZjljYy8wMDk3LzY5ZGYzZDNiYmVkZGU0LjQzNDM2OTU3LmpwZyIsImV4cCI6MTc3NjI0MTQ4NCwibm9uY2UiOiIwYjgxZDE2NzRiNzhjMWQyOGVmMDM1OTA1MzI5NjdjZiJ9.xeFppR1ubA4i-dHG-u07ht9bQNogFheXQjLyEaP9GgAimages?q=tbn:ANd9GcQgDnBwx0yUPRKuetgIurtELxYERFv20CPAUcPe4jYrrJiwXzac8rGXlzd57gl8iikb1Tk&usqp=CAU

 

84039476_619085835534619_7808805634291269632_n.jpg

 

 

 

The platforms of the journal's are;
 

COPE.jpg
 
images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTbq2FM8NTdXECzlOUCeKQ1dvrISFL-LhxhC7zy1ZQeJk-GGKSx2XkWQvrsHxcfhtfHWxM&usqp=CAUicmje_1_orig.png
 
 
ncbi.png
 
ORCID_logo.pngimages?q=tbn:ANd9GcQlwX77nfpy3Bu9mpMBZa0miWT2sRt2zjAPJKg2V69ODTrjZM1nT1BbhWzTVPsTNKJMZzQ&usqp=CAU
 

 

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTaWSousoprPWGwE-qxwxGH2y0ByZ_zdLMN-Oq93MsZpBVFOTfxi9uXV7tdr39qvyE-U0I&usqp=CAU
 


 


 

 


 


The indexes/platforms of the journal are;
 

TR Dizin Ulakbim, Crossref (DOI), Google Scholar, EuroPub, Directory of Research Journal İndexing (DRJI), Worldcat (OCLC), OpenAIRE, ASOS Index, ROAD, Turkiye Citation Index, ICI World of Journal's, Index Copernicus, Turk Medline, General Impact Factor, Scilit 
 


Journal articles are evaluated as "Double-Blind Peer Review"

 

All articles published in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY NC ND)