Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study

Yunus Emre Bulum; Sönmez Sağlam; Mücahid Osman Yücel; Raşit Emin Dalaslan; Mehmet Arıcan; Zekeriya Okan Karaduman; Ayşe Nur Toksöz Yıldırım

Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study

Abstract

Aims: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of etodolac and thiocolchicoside, administered alone or in combination, on cutaneous wound healing in a rat full-thickness excisional wound model using macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters. Methods: This controlled experimental study was conducted using a full-thickness excisional wound model in 24 male Wistar albino rats. Animals were randomized into four groups (n=6 each): etodolac, thiocolchicoside, combination (etodolac+thiocolchicoside), and control. A standardized 2-cm dorsal skin wound was created under general anesthesia. Treatments were administered orally for 14 days. Wound areas were measured on postoperative days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis of CD31 and TGF-β1 were performed on day 14. Results: Baseline wound areas were comparable among groups (p=0.912). Significant intergroup differences in wound area reduction were observed on day 3 (p=0.041) and became more pronounced on days 7, 10, and 14 (all p<0.001). On day 14, the combination group demonstrated the smallest wound area (18.7±6.1 mm²) compared with etodolac (42.8±9.6 mm²), thiocolchicoside (38.4±8.9 mm²), and control groups (76.3±14.2 mm²). Histopathological analysis demonstrated significant differences in lymphocyte density (p=0.002), fibroblast density (p<0.001), scar thickness (p<0.001), vascularity (p<0.001), and multinucleated giant cell presence (p=0.038). TGF-β1 expression scores also differed significantly between groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Etodolac and thiocolchicoside, administered alone or in combination, were associated with significant alterations in macroscopic and histopathological wound healing parameters in a rat model. These findings suggest that these agents may modulate wound healing processes rather than definitively improve healing outcomes. However, further studies are required to determine their clinical relevance.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Orthopaedics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Yunus Emre Bulum ^*
0000-0001-5568-8170
Türkiye

Sönmez Sağlam
0000-0003-2651-8003
Türkiye

Mücahid Osman Yücel
0000-0002-9405-2367
Türkiye

Raşit Emin Dalaslan
0000-0001-5068-8024
Türkiye

Mehmet Arıcan
0000-0002-0649-2339
Türkiye

Zekeriya Okan Karaduman
0000-0002-6719-3666
Türkiye

Ayşe Nur Toksöz Yıldırım
0000-0003-1708-0003
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 16, 2026

Submission Date

January 27, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bulum, Y. E., Sağlam, S., Yücel, M. O., Dalaslan, R. E., Arıcan, M., Karaduman, Z. O., & Toksöz Yıldırım, A. N. (2026). Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(4), 631-637. https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH

AMA

1.Bulum YE, Sağlam S, Yücel MO, et al. Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(4):631-637. https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH

Chicago

Bulum, Yunus Emre, Sönmez Sağlam, Mücahid Osman Yücel, et al. 2026. “Evaluation of Etodolac and Thiocolchicoside on Cutaneous Wound Healing: An Experimental Rat Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (4): 631-37. https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH.

EndNote

Bulum YE, Sağlam S, Yücel MO, Dalaslan RE, Arıcan M, Karaduman ZO, Toksöz Yıldırım AN (July 1, 2026) Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 4 631–637.

IEEE

[1]Y. E. Bulum et al., “Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 631–637, July 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH

ISNAD

Bulum, Yunus Emre - Sağlam, Sönmez - Yücel, Mücahid Osman - Dalaslan, Raşit Emin - Arıcan, Mehmet - Karaduman, Zekeriya Okan - Toksöz Yıldırım, Ayşe Nur. “Evaluation of Etodolac and Thiocolchicoside on Cutaneous Wound Healing: An Experimental Rat Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/4 (July 1, 2026): 631-637. https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH.

JAMA

1.Bulum YE, Sağlam S, Yücel MO, Dalaslan RE, Arıcan M, Karaduman ZO, Toksöz Yıldırım AN. Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:631–637.

MLA

Bulum, Yunus Emre, et al. “Evaluation of Etodolac and Thiocolchicoside on Cutaneous Wound Healing: An Experimental Rat Study”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, July 2026, pp. 631-7, https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH.

Vancouver

1.Yunus Emre Bulum, Sönmez Sağlam, Mücahid Osman Yücel, Raşit Emin Dalaslan, Mehmet Arıcan, Zekeriya Okan Karaduman, Ayşe Nur Toksöz Yıldırım. Evaluation of etodolac and thiocolchicoside on cutaneous wound healing: an experimental rat study. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj [Internet]. 2026 Jul. 1;8(4):631-7. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA26FN69FH