The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines

Anıl Demirel; Fırat Oğuz; Sabahattin Bor

The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate whether angular measurements obtained from panoramic radiographs can be used to distinguish the buccal or palatal position of impacted maxillary canines. Methods: This retrospective study included 200 impacted maxillary canines (100 buccal, 100 palatal). Panoramic radiographs from 2020-2025 were reviewed, and only cases with corresponding cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were included. Tooth position was confirmed using CBCT. On panoramic radiographs, three angular parameters were evaluated: the angle between the maxillary canine long axis and the midline (alpha), the angle between the canine and lateral incisor long axes (beta), and the angle between the canine long axis and the occlusal plane (gamma). Group comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman tests. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Significant differences were found between buccal and palatal groups for all angular measurements (p<0.001). Alpha and beta angles were higher in palatally impacted canines, whereas gamma values were higher in buccally impacted canines. Strong positive correlation was found between alpha and beta, while alpha-gamma and beta-gamma showed negative correlations. Intraobserver and interobserver ICC values exceeded 0.95. Conclusions: Angular measurements on panoramic radiographs may assist in differentiating buccal and palatal impactions of maxillary canines and support clinical decision-making.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the İnönü University Health Sciences Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with decision number 2026/9385.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Anıl Demirel
0009-0007-1708-0712
Türkiye

Fırat Oğuz ^*
0000-0001-6040-3790
Türkiye

Sabahattin Bor
0000-0001-5463-0057
Türkiye

Publication Date

May 22, 2026

Submission Date

March 14, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 4, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Demirel, A., Oğuz, F., & Bor, S. (2026). The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, 8(3), 531-537. https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK

AMA

1.Demirel A, Oğuz F, Bor S. The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8(3):531-537. https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK

Chicago

Demirel, Anıl, Fırat Oğuz, and Sabahattin Bor. 2026. “The Role of Angular Parameters on Panoramic Radiographs in the Localization of Impacted Maxillary Canines”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 (3): 531-37. https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK.

EndNote

Demirel A, Oğuz F, Bor S (May 1, 2026) The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8 3 531–537.

IEEE

[1]A. Demirel, F. Oğuz, and S. Bor, “The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines”, Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 531–537, May 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK

ISNAD

Demirel, Anıl - Oğuz, Fırat - Bor, Sabahattin. “The Role of Angular Parameters on Panoramic Radiographs in the Localization of Impacted Maxillary Canines”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal 8/3 (May 1, 2026): 531-537. https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK.

JAMA

1.Demirel A, Oğuz F, Bor S. The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj. 2026;8:531–537.

MLA

Demirel, Anıl, et al. “The Role of Angular Parameters on Panoramic Radiographs in the Localization of Impacted Maxillary Canines”. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 3, May 2026, pp. 531-7, https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK.

Vancouver

1.Anıl Demirel, Fırat Oğuz, Sabahattin Bor. The role of angular parameters on panoramic radiographs in the localization of impacted maxillary canines. Anatolian Curr Med J / ACMJ / acmj [Internet]. 2026 May 1;8(3):531-7. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA35ZP74WK