Aging and geriatric palliative care

Abstract

The increase in chronic diseases and the number of individuals who cannot survive by living alone emerges as a serious problem with the increased life expectancy of people around the globe. Geriatrics and palliative care overlap in many ways, although they are different medical specializations. Both are multidisciplinary fields seeking to improve the patient's quality of life, personal abilities, and social participation with patient and family-centered activities. We think that the synergy emerging from the combination of these specializations will be a role model for interdisciplinary collaboration in healthcare and improve patients' quality of life.

Keywords

• Geriatrics
• palliative care
• systemic changes

References

1. Global Health and Aging, National Institute of Aging, NIH, WHO, 2011
2. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations. World Population Ageing 2015. New York: United Nations; 2015. 164 p.
3. Voumard R, Truchard ER, Benaroyo L, Borasio GD, Büla C, Jox RJ. Geriatric palliative care: a view of its concept, challenges and strategies. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18: 220. 
4. Albers G, Froggatt K, Block LV, et al. A qualitative exploration of the collaborative working between palliative care and geriatric medicine: barriers and facilitators from a European perspective. BMC Palliat Care 2016; 15: 47.
5. Şahin S. Geriatride Palyatif Bakım. Türkiye Klinikleri J Anesthesiol Reanimat Spec Topics 2017; 10: 36-41.
6. Olden AM, Holloway R, Ladwig S, Quill TE, van Wijngaarden E. Palliative care needs and symptom patterns of hospitalized elders referred for consultation. J Pain Symptom Manag 2011; 42: 410–8.
7. Evers MM, Meier DE, Morrison RS. Assessing differences in care needs and service utilization in geriatric palliative care patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002; 23: 424–32.
8. Sanford AM, Morley JE, Weger MB, et al. High prevalence of geriatric syndromes in older adults. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0233857. 

9. Marengoni A, Angleman S, Meinow B, et al. Coexisting chronic conditions in the older population: variation by health indicators. Eur J Intern Med 2016; 31: 29–34.
10. Kapo J, Morrison LJ, Liao S. Palliative care for the older adult. J Palliat Med 2007; 10: 185–209.
11. Connor SR, Bermedo MCS. Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance. World Health Organization. Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of Life. London: Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance; 2014.
12. Fox CS, Vasan RS, Parise H, et al. Mitral annular calcification predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2003; 107: 1492–6. 
13. Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Borlaug BA, Rodeheffer RJ, Kass DA. Age- and gender-related ventricular-vascular stiffening: A community-based study. Circulation 2005; 112 :2254–62. 
14. Alagiakrishnan K, Banach M, Mah D, Ahmed A, Aronow WS. Role of geriatric syndromes in the management of atrial fibrillation in older adults: a narrative review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20 :123-30
15. Wu Q, Li LF, Chen YD. Advances in Journal of Geriatric Cardiology over the course of a decade. J Geriatr Cardiol 2020; 17: 733–9. 
16. Bell SP, Orr NM, Dodson JA, et al. What to expect from the evolving field of geriatric cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66: 1286–99. 
17. Thannickal VJ, Murthy M, Balch WE, et al. Blue Journal Conference. Aging and susceptibility to lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191: 261–9. 
18. Boe DM, Boule LA, Kovacs EJ. Innate immune responses in the ageing lung. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 187: 16–25.
19. Walke LM, Byers AL, Tinetti ME, Dubin JA, McCorkle R, Fried TR. Range and severity of symptoms over time among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 2503–08 
20. Mularski RA, Rocker G. Managing dyspnea in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Balancing all the evidence. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12: 978–80
21. Alvis BD, Christopher G. Hughes, physiology considerations in the geriatric patient. Anesthesiol Clin 2015; 33: 447–56.
22. Ptasinska AP, Materkowska DD, Bartczak A, et al. Kidney disease in the elderly: biopsy based data from 14 renal centers in Poland. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17: 194. 
23. McDaniel C, Ratnani I, Fatima S, Abid MH, Surani S. Urinary incontinence in older adults takes collaborative nursing efforts to improve. Cureus 2020; 12: e9161. 
24. O’Hare AM, Song MK, Tamura MK, Moss AH. Research priorities for palliative care for older adults with advanced chronic kidney disease. J Palliat Med 2017; 20: 453–60.
25. Nicaise AM, Willis CM, Crocker SJ, Pluchino S. Stem cells of the aging brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12: 247. 
26. Gallagher M, Okonkwo OC, Resnick SM, Jagust WJ, Benzinger TLS, Rapp PR. What are the threats to successful brain and cognitive aging? Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83: 130–4. 
27. Sarıcam G, Kahveci K, Akdoğan D. Palliative care requirement in neurologic diseases. Turk J Neurol 2020; 26: 153-9
28. Xu X, Wang B, Ren C, et al. Age-related impairment of vascular structure and functions. Aging Dis 2017; 8: 590–610. 
29. Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Anderson CS. Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol 2003; 2: 43–53
30. Sarıcam G,  Akdogan D, Kahveci K. Palliative care after stroke. Acta Neurologica Belgica 2019; 119: 69–75.
31. Mioche L, Bourdiol P, Peyron MA. Influence of age on mastication: effects on eating behaviour. Nutr Res Rev 2004; 17: 43–54
32. Funk MC, Zhou J, Boutros M. Ageing, metabolism and the intestine EMBO Rep 2020; 21: e50047. 
33. Beld AW, Kaufman JM, Zillikens MC, Lamberts SWJ, Egan JM, Lely AJ. The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6: 647–58. 
34. Kalyani RR, Egan JM. Diabetes and altered glucose metabolism with aging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2013; 42: 333–47.
35. Russo CR, Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, et al. Aging bone in men and women: beyond changes in bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2003; 14: 531-8.
36. Novotny SA, Warren GL, Hamrick MW. Aging and the muscle-bone relationship. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 30: 8–16
37. Eckhart L, Tschachler E, Gruber F. Autophagic control of skin aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7: 143. 
38. Sator PG, Schmidt JB, Rabe T, Zouboulis CC. Skin aging and sex hormones in women- clinical perspectives for intervention by hormone replacement therapy. Exp Dermatol 2004; 13: 36-40
39. Çivi S, Tanrıkulu Z. Yaşlılarda bağımlılık ve fiziksel yetersizlik düzeyleri ile kronik hastalıklar prevelansını saptamaya yönelik epidemiyolojik çalışma. Türk Geriatri Derg 2000; 3: 85-90.
40. Jones E, Sheng J, Carlson J, Wang S. Aging-induced fragility of the immune system. J Theor Biol 2021; 510: 110473. 
41. Finucane TE, Nirmalasari O, Graham A. Palliative care in the ambulatory geriatric practise. Clin Geriatr Med 2015; 31: 193-206
42. Voumard R, Rubli Truchard E, Benaroyo L, Borasio GD, Büla C, Jox RJ. Geriatric palliative care: a view of its concept, challenges and strategies BMC Geriatrics 2018; 18: 22