Hastane Mikoflorası; Su, Yüzey ve Hava

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 127 - 136, 31.01.2026

Elif Ayça Şahin , Sidre Erganiş , Halil Furkan Martlı , Beyza Yavuz , Sena Algın , Doç. Dr. Özlem Güzel Tunçcan , Murat Dizbay , Kayhan Çağlar , Hasan Bostancı , Ayşe Kalkancı

https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1675216

Öz

Giriş/amaç: Hastane ortamları çok çeşitli mikroorganizmaları barındırır. Bu ortamlardaki bakteri, virüs ve mantarlar hastalarda ciddi sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili enfeksiyonlara (HCAI) yol açabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastane havası, suyu ve yüzeylerinde mantar türlerinin dağılımını değerlendirerek hastanenin mikoflorasını ortaya koymaktır.

Gereç ve yöntem: 2022-2023 yılları arasında beş aylık bir dönemde Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nde hava, su ve yüzeylerden mantar örnekleri aktif hava örnekleme yöntemi, su toplama ve yüzey sürüntüsü yöntemleri ile alınmıştır. Toplam 22 klinikten 110 hava örneği, 66 su örneği ve 45 yüzey örneği toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: 22 klinikten alınan 110 hava örneğinden toplam 1802 küf kolonisi izole edilmiştir. İç ortam hava kontaminasyon oranı %82,1 (ortalama 14 koloni/500 L), dış ortam ise %93,8 (ortalama 31,4 koloni/500 L) olarak bulunmuştur. İç ortam havasında en yaygın tür Penicillium spp. iken, dış ortamda Cladosporium spp. baskın bulunmuştur. Mevsimsel olarak mantarlardaki değişim istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p ≥ 0.05). Su örneklerinde %26 oranında, özellikle Penicillium, Exophiala ve Aspergillus spp. olmak üzere mantar üremesi saptanmıştır. Yüzey örneklerinin yalnızca %6’sı kontamine olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprak örneklerinden bol miktarda Cladosporium izole edilmiş olup, Cunninghamella ve Rhizopus yalnızca toprakta saptanmıştır. Toplamda 13 farklı mantar cinsi tanımlanmış olup en yaygınları Penicillium ve Cladosporium olmuştur.
Sonuç: Bulgular, özellikle hava ve su kaynaklarının çeşitli mantar cinsleriyle – başta Penicillium ve Cladosporium – önemli ölçüde kolonize olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum, potansiyel nozokomiyal riskleri azaltmak için düzenli çevresel mikolojik izlemenin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hastane , Mikoflora , Çevresel örnekleme , Mantar , Kontaminasyon

Mycoflora of the hospital; water, surface and air

Öz

Background: Hospital indoor environments contain a wide variety of microorganisms. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi in these environments can cause serious healthcare-associated infections in patients. The aim of this study is to show the mycoflora of the hospital by evaluating the distribution of fungal species in hospital indoor air, water, and surfaces.
Methods: Air, water, and surface were sampled for fungi at Gazi University Hospital, using active air method, water collection, and swabbing, during a five-month period in 2022-2023. A total of 22 hospital wards were surveyed; overall, 110 air samples, 66 water samples, and 45 surface samples were collected.
Results: A total of 1331 fungal colonies were isolated from indoor air, predominantly Penicillium (57.7%) and Cladosporium (31.6%). From outdoor air (n = 471), Cladosporium (66.9%) and Penicillium (22.5%) were most common. Median colony counts per 500 L of air were 11.5 indoors and 30.0 outdoors (range: 4–21.1 and 9–55.6, respectively. Fungal diversity, as evaluated by the Shannon index, peaked in March for both environments. Fungal growth was observed in 17 of 66 water samples (26.0%), with a total of 225 colonies recovered. Penicillium spp. accounted for the majority (85.7%), followed by Exophiala (8.0%) and Aspergillus (5.0%).Among 45 surface samples, only 3 (6.0%) yielded fungal isolates, indicating low environmental fungal burden on high-touch surfaces.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that hospital environments, especially air and water sources, are significantly colonized by diverse fungal genera—predominantly Penicillium and Cladosporium—highlighting the importance of routine environmental mycological monitoring to mitigate potential nosocomial risks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hospital , environmental sampling , fungi , contamination , mycoflora

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was obtained from Gazi University Ethics Committee on 09.03.2023/meeting no:4 (E-77082166-604.01.02-622780).

Destekleyen Kurum

There was no funding.

Teşekkür

Much appreciation to all people who participated in this study. We also acknowledge all members of Gazi University Infection Control Committee who contributed to the data collection. This study was presented as a poster at the 11th Trends in Medical Mycology (TIMM-11) congress.

Kaynakça

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