Hepatit C Virüsü (HCV) ve Hepatit D Virüsü (HDV): Hepatosit Kanserine (HCC) Giden Ayrık Yollar ve Terapötik Stratejiler

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 255 - 263, 31.01.2026

Abolfazl Jafarı-sales , Parniya Nouri-dizaj , Soheyla Hosseyni-nasababad , Sanam Karzar-torkambour , Mehrdad Pashazadeh , Aylin Golestani , Zahra Ghahremani , Sara Naebi

https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1714274

Öz

Hepatit C virüsü (HCV) ve hepatit D virüsü (HDV), özellikle hepatoselüler karsinom (HCC) olmak üzere karaciğer hasarına yol açabilen iki önemli viral etkendir. HCV, kan teması yoluyla enfeksiyon oluşturan bir RNA virüsüdür ve sonunda kronik karaciğer iltihabına neden olur. Araştırmalar, HCV enfeksiyonunun genetik ve hücresel değişikliklere yol açtığını ve bunun sonucunda karaciğer kanseri (KC) riskini artırdığını göstermektedir. HDV, hem HCV'ye bağlı hem de bağımsız yollarla karaciğer hastalığını kötüleştirmede kritik bir rol oynar. Çift hepatosit hasarına yol açarak ve siroz riskini artırarak HDV, HCC insidansını önemli ölçüde yükseltir. HCV ve HDV'nin birlikte enfekte olması özellikle tehlikelidir; çünkü her iki virüs de hücresel sinyal yolaklarındaki değişiklikler, kromozomal instabilite ve hepatosit tümör baskılayıcı genlerinin inhibisyonu yoluyla hepatokarsinogenezisi teşvik eder. HDV süperenfeksiyonunu önleyen HBV aşısı ve HCV tedavisinde kullanılan doğrudan etkili antiviral ilaçlar (DAA'lar) gibi önleyici gelişmelere rağmen, virüsle ilişkili kanser yükü özellikle düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde yaygınlığını korumaktadır. Viral hepatit kaynaklı hepatokarsinogenezisin karmaşık moleküler mekanizmalarının anlaşılması ve HCV/HDV epidemiyolojisinin iyileştirilmesi, tanı ve tedavi için yeni fırsatlar yaratmaktadır. Bu makale, yüksek riskli popülasyonlarda erken tanı, antiviral tedavi, yenilikçi tedavi yaklaşımları ve düzenli izlemelerin HCC insidansını azaltmadaki önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karaciğer , Hepatosit karsinomu , Hepatit C virüsü , Hepatit D virüsü

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Hepatitis D Virus (HDV): Divergent Pathways to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Therapeutic Strategies

Öz

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are two significant viral agents that can lead to hepatic injury, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV is an RNA virus that primarily leads to infection via blood contact and ultimately causes chronic liver inflammation. Studies indicate that HCV infection induces genetic and cellular alterations that subsequently increase the risk of liver cancer. HDV plays a crucial role in exacerbating liver disease through both HCV-dependent and independent pathways. By causing dual damage to hepatocytes and increasing cirrhosis risk, HDV significantly elevates HCC incidence. Coinfection with HCV and HDV is particularly hazardous, as both viruses promote hepatocarcinogenesis through alterations in cellular signaling pathways, chromosomal instability, and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes in hepatocytes. Despite preventive advances such as hepatitis B virus vaccination (which prevents HDV superinfection) and direct-acting antivirals for HCV treatment, the burden of virus-associated cancers remains prevalent, especially in low and middle-income countries. Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms underlying viral hepatitis-related hepatocarcinogenesis, along with improved epidemiology of HCV/HDV, creates new opportunities for diagnosis and treatment. This article emphasizes the importance of early detection, antiviral therapy, innovative treatment approaches, and regular surveillance in high-risk populations to reduce HCC incidence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liver , Hepatocellular carcinoma , Hepatitis C virus , Hepatitis D virus

Kaynakça

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