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Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 2 Haziran 2026
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Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells

Öz

Background: Bladder cancer continues to pose a major global health challenge, as therapeutic options are often con-strained by treatment-related toxicity and the emergence of resistance to chemotherapy. We investigated the cytotoxic and anti-migratory effects of Theobromine, a natural alkaloid, in HT-1376 bladder cancer cells and compared its activity with Cisplatin, a standard chemotherapeutic agent. Methods: Cellular metabolic activity was quantified via the WST-1 colorimetric assay, while migratory capacity was examined using wound healing assay. Results: Treatment with Theobromine induced a time- and dose-responsive decrease in HT-1376 cell viability, with IC₅₀ values of 134.3 µM after 24 h, while Cisplatin exhibited stronger cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ value of 35.97 µM. Both agents significantly inhibited cell migration, with the combination of Theobromine and Cisplatin showing the most pronounced anti-migratory effect. The wound healing assay revealed that the combination treatment significantly reduced wound closure compared to either compound alone (p < 0.0001), while Theobromine alone resulted in moderate inhibition (p = 0.0001). Importantly, no significant cytotoxicity was observed in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells at concentrations up to 200 µM for Theobromine and 50 µM for Cisplatin, indicating differential sensitivity between bladder cancer cells and normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Theobromine may act as a potential adjunct to Cisplatin-based therapy in blad-der cancer cells. Further experimental studies are required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced inhibitory effect and to evaluate the efficacy of this combined treatment in animal models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bladder cancer, Cisplatin, Cell migration, Theobromine, Wound healing assay

Destekleyen Kurum

No funding was received for this study.

Etik Beyan

The study was carried out on human bladder carcinoma cells (HT-1376) and mouse fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). According to the institutional guide-lines, the use of established cell lines does not require ethical approval.

Teşekkür

There is no conflict of interest.

Kaynakça

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Kaynak Göster

APA
Oz Bedir, B. E., Özdemir Sancı, T., & Terzi, E. (2026). Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Archives of Current Medical Research, 7(2), 418-425. https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1888215
AMA
1.Oz Bedir BE, Özdemir Sancı T, Terzi E. Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Arch Curr Med Res. 2026;7(2):418-425. doi:10.47482/acmr.1888215
Chicago
Oz Bedir, Beyza Ecem, Tuba Özdemir Sancı, ve Emine Terzi. 2026. “Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells”. Archives of Current Medical Research 7 (2): 418-25. https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1888215.
EndNote
Oz Bedir BE, Özdemir Sancı T, Terzi E (01 Haziran 2026) Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Archives of Current Medical Research 7 2 418–425.
IEEE
[1]B. E. Oz Bedir, T. Özdemir Sancı, ve E. Terzi, “Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells”, Arch Curr Med Res, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 418–425, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.47482/acmr.1888215.
ISNAD
Oz Bedir, Beyza Ecem - Özdemir Sancı, Tuba - Terzi, Emine. “Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells”. Archives of Current Medical Research 7/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 418-425. https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1888215.
JAMA
1.Oz Bedir BE, Özdemir Sancı T, Terzi E. Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Arch Curr Med Res. 2026;7:418–425.
MLA
Oz Bedir, Beyza Ecem, vd. “Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells”. Archives of Current Medical Research, c. 7, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 418-25, doi:10.47482/acmr.1888215.
Vancouver
1.Beyza Ecem Oz Bedir, Tuba Özdemir Sancı, Emine Terzi. Comparative Cytotoxic and Anti-Migratory Effects of Cisplatin and Theobromine in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Arch Curr Med Res. 01 Haziran 2026;7(2):418-25. doi:10.47482/acmr.1888215