Background: This study aimed to evaluate the time-dependent effect of verbal and practical oral health education provided by dentists on 6- to 22-week-old pregnant women whose pregnancy is followed up by family physicians in health centers.
Methods: The study included fifty-four pregnant women participated. Oral hygiene education was given to the participants verbally and using a toothbrushing model. Periodontal indices such as the probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were measured and recorded at the first and third month follow-up. The IBM SPSS v.26 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. All data were analyzed using the dependent t test.
Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the PPD and PI parameters at the end of the one month (p<0.05). There was a decrease in the GI, yet it was not significant. At the end of the third month, there was a significant decrease in the PPD. There was a significant increase in the PI and GI (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Periodontal health status and oral hygiene habits should reach their optimum levels before pregnancy. In addition, follow-up appointments should be called during the whole pregnancy to ensure that oral hygiene habits are permanent.
Kinane DF, Attstrom R. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitiss.
Group B consensus report of the fifth European workshop in
periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2005; 32: 130-131.
Singh T, Newman AB. Inflammatory markers in population studies of
aging. Aging Res Rev. 2011; 10: 319-329.
Mascarenhas P, Gapski R, Al-Shammari K, Wang H-L. Influence of sex
hormones on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 671-681.
Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Bascones-Martínez
A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal
variations on the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol. 2010; 37: 230-
240.
Silk H, Douglass AB, Douglass JM, Silk L. Oral health during
pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2008; 77: 1139-1144.
Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Sheikh Z, Najeeb S, Shahab S, Zafar MS. Oral
antimicrobial peptides: Types and role in the oral cavity. Saudi Pharm
J. 2016;24(5):515-524.
Figuero E, Han YW, Furuichi Y. Periodontal diseases and adverse
pregnancy outcomes: Mechanisms. Periodontol 2000. 2020;83(1):175-
188.
Amini K, Alihossaini Z, Ghahremani Z. Randomized Clinical Trial
Comparison of the Effect of Verbal Education and Education Booklet
on Preoperative Anxiety. J PeriAnesthesia Nurs. 2019; 34: 289-296.
Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy I. Prevalence and
Severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963; 21: 533-551.
Saadaoui M, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A
bidirectional relationship. J Reprod Immunol. 2021; 145:103293.
Tilakaratne A, Soory M, Ranasinghe AW, Corea SM, Ekanayake SL,
de Silva M. Effects of hormonal contraceptives on the periodontium,
in a population of rural Sri-Lankan women. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;
27: 53-757.
Nannan M, Xiaoping L, Ying J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy and
adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and
management strategies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 9:963956.
Uwambaye P, Munyanshongore C, Rulisa S, Shiau H, Nuhu A, Kerr
MS. Assessing the association between periodontitis and premature
birth: a case‒control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):204.
Gürsoy M, Pajukanta R, Sorsa T, Könönen E. Clinical changes in
periodontium during pregnancy and postpartum. J Clin Periodontol.
2008; 35: 576-583.
Wu M, Chen SW, Jiang SY. Relationship between gingival inflammation
and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm. 2015; 2015:623427.
Machado IN, Martinez SD, Barini R. Anencephaly: do the pregnancy
and maternal characteristics impact the pregnancy outcome? ISRN
Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 2012: 127490.
Kinane DF, Attstrom R. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitiss.
Group B consensus report of the fifth European workshop in
periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2005; 32: 130-131.
Singh T, Newman AB. Inflammatory markers in population studies of
aging. Aging Res Rev. 2011; 10: 319-329.
Mascarenhas P, Gapski R, Al-Shammari K, Wang H-L. Influence of sex
hormones on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 671-681.
Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Bascones-Martínez
A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal
variations on the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol. 2010; 37: 230-
240.
Silk H, Douglass AB, Douglass JM, Silk L. Oral health during
pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2008; 77: 1139-1144.
Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Sheikh Z, Najeeb S, Shahab S, Zafar MS. Oral
antimicrobial peptides: Types and role in the oral cavity. Saudi Pharm
J. 2016;24(5):515-524.
Figuero E, Han YW, Furuichi Y. Periodontal diseases and adverse
pregnancy outcomes: Mechanisms. Periodontol 2000. 2020;83(1):175-
188.
Amini K, Alihossaini Z, Ghahremani Z. Randomized Clinical Trial
Comparison of the Effect of Verbal Education and Education Booklet
on Preoperative Anxiety. J PeriAnesthesia Nurs. 2019; 34: 289-296.
Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal Disease in Pregnancy I. Prevalence and
Severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963; 21: 533-551.
Saadaoui M, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A
bidirectional relationship. J Reprod Immunol. 2021; 145:103293.
Tilakaratne A, Soory M, Ranasinghe AW, Corea SM, Ekanayake SL,
de Silva M. Effects of hormonal contraceptives on the periodontium,
in a population of rural Sri-Lankan women. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;
27: 53-757.
Nannan M, Xiaoping L, Ying J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy and
adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and
management strategies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022; 9:963956.
Uwambaye P, Munyanshongore C, Rulisa S, Shiau H, Nuhu A, Kerr
MS. Assessing the association between periodontitis and premature
birth: a case‒control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021;21(1):204.
Gürsoy M, Pajukanta R, Sorsa T, Könönen E. Clinical changes in
periodontium during pregnancy and postpartum. J Clin Periodontol.
2008; 35: 576-583.
Wu M, Chen SW, Jiang SY. Relationship between gingival inflammation
and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm. 2015; 2015:623427.
Machado IN, Martinez SD, Barini R. Anencephaly: do the pregnancy
and maternal characteristics impact the pregnancy outcome? ISRN
Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 2012: 127490.
Altıntepe Doğan, S. S., Karakan, N. C., Doğan, Ö., Çelik, İ. H., vd. (2024). Evaluation of oral health awareness in pregnants. Archives of Current Medical Research, 5(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1347602
Archives of Current Medical Research (ACMR), araştırmaları ücretsiz sunmanın daha büyük bir küresel bilgi alışverişini desteklediğini göz önünde bulundurarak, tüm içeriğe anında açık erişim sağlar. Kamunun erişimine açık olması, daha büyük bir küresel bilgi alışverişini destekler.