Aspir Bitkisinin At ve Ruminantlarda İn Vitro Sindirim Parametrelerine ve Metan Üretimine Etkisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 73 - 84, 03.05.2018

Alper Çağrı Kanber Kara

Öz

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, aspir (Carthamus
tinctorius L. Dinçer) tanesi, aspir kuru otu ve aspir samanının besin madde kompozisyonu ile
atlarda ve ruminant rasyonlarında % 5, 10 ve 20 oranında kullanılmasının in vitro fermentasyon parametrelerine
etkisini belirlemekti. At
rasyonlarına % 5’e kadar ezme formda aspir tanesi ilavesi in vitro toplam gaz üretimi, gerçek kuru madde sindirimi (G-KMS),
metabolik enerji (ME), gaz verimi (GY₂₄), paylaştırma faktörü (PF₂₄),
mikrobiyal ham protein üretimi (MCP) ve sindirim sıvısı kısa zincirli yağ asitleri (SCFA) kompozisyonunu
olumsuz etkilemedi; ancak at rasyonundaki aspir tanesinin düzeyi yükseldikçe
bazı in vitro sindirim parametreleri
olumsuz etkilendi (P<0,05). At
rasyonlarına aspir kuru otu ve aspir samanının % 5-20 oranında ilavesi genel
olarak in vitro sindirim
parametrelerini (in vitro gaz
üretimi, ME, SCFA, GY₂₄) olumlu etkiledi. Ruminant
rasyonlarındaki %5 aspir tanesinin 96 saatlik in vitro kümülatif gaz üretimini, G-KMS, gerçek organik madde
sindirimini (G-OMS), ME, net enerji laktasyon (NE_L), GY₂₄,
PF₂₄
ve MCP
değerleri ile SCFA kompozisyonunu olumsuz etkilemediği, ancak % 10 ve 20
oranında ilavesinin in vitro toplam
gaz üretimi, ME, NE_L ve SCFA değerlerini olumsuz etkilediği saptandı
(P<0,05). Aspir kuru otu ve samanının
ruminant rasyonlarında % 20’e kadar kullanılmasının in vitro sindirim parametrelerine olumsuz etkisi olmadı
(P>0,05). Aspir tanesi, aspir kuru otu ve
aspir samanının at ve ruminant rasyonlarında kullanımının in vitro metan üretimi üzerine önemli bir etkisi olmadı
(P>0,05). Sonuç olarak, aspir tanesinin % 5’e kadar, aspir kuru otu ve aspir
samanının ise % 20’e kadar at ve ruminant rasyonlarında kullanılabilecek
potansiyele sahip yem kaynakları olduğu kanısına varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aspir, at, in vitro gaz üretimi, ruminant, sindirim

The Effect of Safflower on The In Vitro Digestion Parameters and Methane Production in Horse and Ruminant

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/actavet.2018.409784

The aim of this study was to determine the
effects of using 5%, 10%, and 20% of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. Dinçer;
without thorns) grain, and its hay and straw, on the in vitro fermentation
parameters in the diets of horses and ruminants. The addition of up to 5% of
crushed safflower grain to a horse’s diet had no negative effect on the in
vitro total gas production, true dry matter digestion (T-DMD), metabolic energy
(ME), gas yield at 24 h (GY24), partial factor (PF24), microbial crude protein
production (MCP) and short chain fatty acid composition (SCFA) of digestion
fluid; however, increasing the grain content negatively affected certain
parameters (p<0.05). The hay and straw at 5%–20% ratio in a horse’s diet had
a positive effect on in vitro gas production, ME, SCFA, and GY24. We observed
that 5% safflower grain in ruminants’ diets did not negatively affect the in
vitro cumulative gas production up to 96 h, T-DMD, true organic matter
digestion (T-OMD), ME, net energy lactation (NEL), GY24, PF24, and MCP values
and SCFA compositions; but 10% and 20% levels negatively affected the in vitro
gas production, ME, NEL, and SCFA values (p<0.05). The use of up to 20% hay
and straw had no negative effect on the parameters (p>0.05). Using safflower
grain, hay and straw in horse and ruminants’ diets did not affect the in vitro
methane production (p>0.05). Consequently, using up to 5% safflower grain,
and 20% hay and straw has the potential as a feed source in the diets of horses
and ruminants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digestion, horse, in vitro gas production, ruminant, safflower

Kaynakça

• Association of Official Analytical Chemists., 1995. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. Washington: AOAC.Altin, T.B., Barak, B., Altin, B.N., 2012. Change in precipitation and temperature amounts over three decades in central Anatolia, Turkey. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2, 107-125. Asgharzadeh, F., Nasri, M.H.F., Behdani, M.A., 2013. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on nutritive value of safflower forage and silage. Journal of Animal and Poultry Sciences 3, 66-75. Baumler, E., Cuniberti, A., Nolascoa, S.M., Riccobene, I.C., 2006. Moisture dependent physical and compression properties of safflower seed. Journal of Food Engineering 72, 134-140. Blümmel, M., Orskov, E.R., 1993. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting of food intake in cattle. Animal and Feed Science Technology 40,109-119. Bozan, B., Temelli, F., 2008. Chemical composition and oxidative stability of flax, safflower and poppy seed and seed oils. Bioresource Technology 99, 6354-6359.Cook, B.I., Anchukaitis, K.J., Touchan, R., Meko, D.M., Cook, E.R., 2016. Spatiotemporal drought variability in the Mediterranean over the last 900 years. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121, 2060-2074.Dschaak, C.M., Noviandi. C.T., Eun, J.S., Fellner, V., Young, A.J., ZoBell, D.R., Israelsen, C.E., 2011. Ruminal fermentation, milk fatty acid profiles, and productive performance of Holstein dairy cows fed 2 different safflower seeds. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 5138–5150.Ellis, J.L., Kebreab, E., Odongo, N.E., McBride, B.W., Okine, E.K., France, J., 2007. Prediction of methane production from dairy and beef cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 3456–3467.Getachew, G., Pittroff, W., Putnama, D.H., Dandekar, A., Goyal, S., DePeters, E.J., 2008. The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Animal Feed and Science Technology 140, 444–461.Gilbert J., 2008. International safflower production- an overview. 7th International Safflower Conference, Australian Oilseeds Federation, Australia. Gumus, E., Kucukersan, S., 2016. Ruminantların beslenmesinde aspir kullanımı. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 56, 25-31.Ingale, S., Shrivastava, K.S., 2011. Chemical and bio-chemical studies of new varieties of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) PBNS-12 and PBNS-40 seeds. Advances in Agriculture & Botanics International Journal of the Bioflux Society 3, 127-138. I.P.C.C., 2014. Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of climate change. contribution of working group iii to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.Kara, K., Aktug, E., Ozkaya, S., 2016. Ruminal digestibility, microbial count, volatile fatty acids and gas kinetics of alternative forage sources for arid and semi-arid areas as in vitro. Italian Journal of Animal Science 15, 673-680.Kara, K., Baytok, E., 2017. Effect of different levels of psyllium supplementation to horse diet on in vitro fermentation parameters and methane emission. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Istanbul University 43, 12-18.Kara, K., Guclu, B.K., Baytok, E., 2015. Comparison of nutrient composition and anti-methanogenic properties of different Rosaceae species. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 24, 308-314.Kara, K., 2016. Effect of dietary fibre and condensed tannins concentration from various fibrous feedstuffs on in vitro gas production kinetics with rabbit faecal inoculum. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 25, 266–272.Landau, S., Friedman, S., Brenner, S., Bruckental, I., Weinberg, Z.G., Ashbell, G., Hen, Y., Dvash, L., Leshem, Y., 2005. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as a novel pasture species for dairy sheep in the Mediterranean conditions of Sardinia and Israel. Small Ruminant Research 59, 239-249.Landau, S., Friedman, S., Brenner, S., Bruckental, I., GWeinberg, Z., Ashbell, G.,Hen, Y., Dvash, L., Leshem, Y., 2004. The value of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) hay and silage grown under Mediterranean conditions as forage for dairy cattle. Livestock Production Science 88, 263-271.Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food., 1984. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Reference Book 433. HMSO, London: MAFF.Menke, H.H., Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research Development 28, 7-55.National Research Council., 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle.7th Revised Edi-tion. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (USA): NRC.National Research Council., 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Horses. 5th Revised Edi¬tion. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (USA): NRC.Oguz, M.N., Oguz, F.K., Buyukoglu, T.I., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of dietary safflower seed on milk yield and some rumen and blood parameters at the end stage of lactation in dairy cows. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 43, 207-211. Paya, H., Taghizadeh, A., Janmohammadi, H., Moghaddam, G.A., Khani, A.H., Alijani, S., 2014. Effects of microwave irradiation on in vitro ruminal fermentation and ruminal and post-ruminal disappearance of safflower seed. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science. 5(2), 349-356.Sahebi, M., Kafilzadeh, F., Heidary, M., 2011. Composition and in vitro rate of gas production of canola and safflower seed affected by chemical treatment. Researches of The First International Conference, Babylon and Razi Universities, Iran.Stanford, K., Wallins, G.L., Lees, B.M., Mündel, H.H., 2001. Feeding value of immature safflower forage for dry ewes. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 81, 289-292.Sunvold, G.D., Hussein, H.S., Fahey, G.C., Merchen, N.R., Reinhart, G.A., 1995. In vitro fermentation of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats, dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. Journal of Animal Science 73, 3639-3648.Sweeney, C.R., 2012. In vivo and in vitro digestibility of a complete pelleted feed in horses. Master's Theses and Project Reports, The Faculty of California Polytechnic State University. San Luis Obispo CA.Turkish Statistical Institute., 2016. Erişim adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr /PreTablo.do?alt_id=1001, Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2016.: TSI.Van-Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., Lewis, B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583-3597.