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An Investigation around Kragos in Lycia: The Question of Sidyma and Kalabatia

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 22, 259 - 296, 11.10.2019

Öz

The block recording the destination of the
road from Sidyma on the Pataran monument
of roads is today lost. The destination was
restored as Kalaba(n/t)tia, which was identified
with the port of Sancaklı. This restoration
seems deficient or incorrect, since the distance
given from Sidyma to the lost destination is
ca. 4,5 km, while the actual distance between
Sidyma and Sancaklı Port is ca. 7–8 km. And
Kalabatia can fill only half of the lacuna. It is
emphasized that the theory concerning a siege
of Sidyma, which is deduced from this restoration,
cannot be justified. The evidence concerning
Kalabatia’s political status might indicate
an independence during the early empire
or even earlier. The author suggests that the ruins
in Bel, located ca. 4,5 km south of Sidyma,
were probably the destination. The author also
questions if Kalabatia could be localized in Bel.
At the end is an appendix on Kragos.

Kaynakça

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  • Adak, M. 2003. “Welche Trachäer bekämpfte Veranius?” Adalya 8: 183–93.
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  • Arnaud, P. 2011. “La Lycie et la Carie du Stadiasme.” Anatolia Antiqua 19: 411–32.
  • Arnaud, P. 2009. “Notes sur le Stadiasme de la Grande Mer (1): la Lycie et la Carie.” Geographia Antiqua 18: 165–93.
  • ATL. 1939–1953. The Athenian Tribute Lists I–IV. Cambridge (I) – Princeton (II–IV).
  • Bean, G.E. 1976. “Pydnai.” In PECS, 745.
  • Behrwald, R. 2000. Der Lykische Bund. Untersuchungen zu Geschichte und Verfassung. Bonn: R. Habelt.
  • Benndorf, O., and G. Niemann. 1884. Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien. Vol. I, Reisen in Lykien und Karien. Vienna: C. Gerold‘s Sohn.
  • Birley, A.R. 2005. The Roman Government of Britain. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Brélaz, C. 2005. La sécurité publique en Asie Mineure sous le Principat (Ier – IIIème s. ap. J.-C.). Institutions municipales et institutions impériales dans l’Orient romain. Basel: Reinhardt.
  • Bryce, T. 1986. The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
  • Cavalier, L., and J. des Courtils. 2011. “La vallée du Xanthe et la mer.” Anatolia Antiqua 19: 453–63.
  • Chaniotis, A. 1988. Historie und Historiker in den griechischen Inschriften: Epigraphische Beiträge zur griechischen Historiographie. Stuttgart – Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Childs, W.A.P. 1981. “Lycian Relations with Persians and Greeks in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries Re-Examined.” AnatSt 31: 55–80.
  • Cook, A.B. 1925. Zeus. A Study In Ancient Religion. Vol. II: Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Curty, O. 1995. Les parentés légendaires entre cités grecques: catalogue raisonné des inscriptions contenant le terme syngeneia et analyse critique. Geneva: Librairie Droz.
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  • Frei, P. 1990. “Die Götterkulte Lykiens in der Kaisereit.” In Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.18.3, 1729–864.
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  • Friese, W. 2013. “‘Through The Double Gates Of Sleep’ (Verg. Aen. 6.236. ): Cave-Oracles. In Graeco- Roman Antiquity.” In Stable Places and Changing Perceptions: Cave Archaeology in Greece, edited by F. Mavridis and J.T. Jensen, 228–38. Oxford: Archaeopress. Publishers of British Archaeological Reports.
  • Gordon, A.E. 1955. “Quintus Veranius.” In RE 8A/1, 951-52.
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  • Kolb, F. 2002. “Lykiens Weg in die römische Provinzordnung.” In Widerstand - Anpassung - Integration. Die griechische Staatenwelt und Rom. Festschrift für J. Deininger zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by N. Ehrhardt and L.-M. Günther, 207–21. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
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Yıl 2019, Sayı: 22, 259 - 296, 11.10.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adak, M., and N. Tüner. 2004. “Neue Inschriften aus Olympos und seinem Territorium I.” Gephyra 1: 53–65.
  • Adak, M. 2003. “Welche Trachäer bekämpfte Veranius?” Adalya 8: 183–93.
  • Adam, J.-P. 1982. L’architecture militaire grecque. Paris: Éd. Picard.
  • Adam, J.-P. 1977. “La basilique byzantine de Kydna de Lycie. Notes descriptives et restitutions.” RA 1977, fasc. 1: 53–78.
  • Akbulut, H., and E. Öner. 2016. “Antik Patara Kentinde Paleocoğrafya ve Jeoarkeoloji Araştırmalarına Paleontolojik Analizlerin Katkısı.” In Vir doctus Anatolicus. Studies in Memory of Sencer Şahin / Sencer Şahin Anısına Yazılar, edited by B. Takmer, E.N. Akdoğu Arca, and N. Gökalp Özdil, 33–59. İstanbul: Kabalcı Yayınevi.
  • Arnaud, P. 2016. “Entre mer et rivière : les ports fluvio-maritimes de Méditerranée ancienne. Modèles et solutions.” In Les ports dans l’espace méditerranéen antique. Narbonne et lessystèmes portuaires fluvio-lagunaires. Actes du colloque international tenu à Montpellier du 22 au 24 mai 2014, edited by C. Sanchez and M.-P. Jézégu, 139–56. Montpelier : Montpellier-Lattes.
  • Arnaud, P. 2011. “La Lycie et la Carie du Stadiasme.” Anatolia Antiqua 19: 411–32.
  • Arnaud, P. 2009. “Notes sur le Stadiasme de la Grande Mer (1): la Lycie et la Carie.” Geographia Antiqua 18: 165–93.
  • ATL. 1939–1953. The Athenian Tribute Lists I–IV. Cambridge (I) – Princeton (II–IV).
  • Bean, G.E. 1976. “Pydnai.” In PECS, 745.
  • Behrwald, R. 2000. Der Lykische Bund. Untersuchungen zu Geschichte und Verfassung. Bonn: R. Habelt.
  • Benndorf, O., and G. Niemann. 1884. Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien. Vol. I, Reisen in Lykien und Karien. Vienna: C. Gerold‘s Sohn.
  • Birley, A.R. 2005. The Roman Government of Britain. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Brélaz, C. 2005. La sécurité publique en Asie Mineure sous le Principat (Ier – IIIème s. ap. J.-C.). Institutions municipales et institutions impériales dans l’Orient romain. Basel: Reinhardt.
  • Bryce, T. 1986. The Lycians in Literary and Epigraphic Sources. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
  • Cavalier, L., and J. des Courtils. 2011. “La vallée du Xanthe et la mer.” Anatolia Antiqua 19: 453–63.
  • Chaniotis, A. 1988. Historie und Historiker in den griechischen Inschriften: Epigraphische Beiträge zur griechischen Historiographie. Stuttgart – Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Childs, W.A.P. 1981. “Lycian Relations with Persians and Greeks in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries Re-Examined.” AnatSt 31: 55–80.
  • Cook, A.B. 1925. Zeus. A Study In Ancient Religion. Vol. II: Zeus God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Curty, O. 1995. Les parentés légendaires entre cités grecques: catalogue raisonné des inscriptions contenant le terme syngeneia et analyse critique. Geneva: Librairie Droz.
  • Demetriou, D. 2013. “Foreign Judges in Late Classical Thrace.” ZPE 184: 193–98.
  • Diamantaras, A.S. 1909. “Λυκιακά.” Xenophanes 6: 31–7.
  • Duggan, T.M.P. 2019. Antalya. Some Accounts, Notices, References and Reports of the City of Antalya, and its History Published in English during the 19th Century, Together with Some Earlier References to the City, its Name and its History Published in English from the 16th to the 19th c. Antalya: Akdeniz University, Mediterranean Civilisations Research Institute.
  • Feld, K. 2005. Barbarische Bürger. Die Isaurier und das Römische Reich. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Frei, P. 1990. “Die Götterkulte Lykiens in der Kaisereit.” In Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.18.3, 1729–864.
  • Frézouls, E., and M.-J. Morant. 1985. “Inscriptions de Sidyma et de Kadyanda (I).” Ktèma 10: 233–43.
  • Friese, W. 2013. “‘Through The Double Gates Of Sleep’ (Verg. Aen. 6.236. ): Cave-Oracles. In Graeco- Roman Antiquity.” In Stable Places and Changing Perceptions: Cave Archaeology in Greece, edited by F. Mavridis and J.T. Jensen, 228–38. Oxford: Archaeopress. Publishers of British Archaeological Reports.
  • Gordon, A.E. 1955. “Quintus Veranius.” In RE 8A/1, 951-52.
  • Gordon, A.E. 1952. Quintus Veranius consul A.D. 49: A Study Based upon His Recently Identified Sepulchral Inscription. Berkeley and Los Angelos: University of California Publications in Classical Archaeology.
  • Graf, F. 2015. “Early Histories Written in Stone: Epigraphy and Mythical Narratives.” Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 16/1: 209–24.
  • Heberdey, R., and E. Kalinka. 1897. Bericht über zwei Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien. Vienna: Böhlau.
  • Hellenkemper, H., and F. Hild. 2004. Lykien und Pamphylien I–III. Tabula Imperii Byzantini 8. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Denkschriften 320. Vienna: VÖAW.
  • Işık, F., H. İşkan, and N. Çevik. 2001. Miliarium Lyciae. Patara Yol Kılavuz Anıtı / Das Wegweisermonument von Patara. Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Likya Uygarlıkları Araştırma Merkezi.
  • Jones, A.H.M. 1971. Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Khan, Y.Z.N. 2002. “A Commentary on Dionysius of Alexandria’s Guide to the Inhabited World, 174–382.” PhD thesis, University College London.
  • Kolb, F. 2002. “Lykiens Weg in die römische Provinzordnung.” In Widerstand - Anpassung - Integration. Die griechische Staatenwelt und Rom. Festschrift für J. Deininger zum 65. Geburtstag, edited by N. Ehrhardt and L.-M. Günther, 207–21. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  • Kokkinia, C. 2000. Die Opramoas-Inschrift von Rhodiapolis. Euergetismus und soziale Elite in Lykien. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH.
  • Leake, W.M. 1842. “Remarks on Mr. Hoskyn’s Paper.” JRGS 12: 162–69.
  • Lepke, A., C. Schuler, and K. Zimmermann. 2015. “Neue Inschriften aus Patara III: Elitenrepräsentation und Politik in Hellenismus und Kaiserzeit.” Chiron 45: 291–384.
  • Marek, Ch., and P. Frei. 2016. In the Land of a Thousand Gods: A History of Asia Minor in the Ancient World. Translated by S. Rendall. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Marek, Ch., and P. Frei. 2010. Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike. Munich: C.H. Beck Verlag.
  • Merkelbach, R. 2000. “Der Glanz der Städte Lykiens. Die Festrede des Literaten Hieoren (TAM II 174).” EpigAnat 32: 115-25.
  • Merkelbach, R., and J. Stauber. 2002. Steinepigramme aus dem griechischen Osten IV: Die Südküste Kleinasiens, Syrien und Palaestina. Munich, Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Mitchell, S. 2005. “The Treaty between Rome and Lycia of 46 BC (MS 2070).” Papyrologica Florentina 35 (Papyri Graecae Schøyen, edited by R. Pintaudi) 164–259. Firenze.
  • Onur, F. 2016. “Parerga to the Stadiasmus Patarensis (16): The Roads, Settlements and Territories.” Gephyra 13: 89–118.
  • Onur, F. 2015. “Parerga to the Stadiasmus Patarensis (15): The Road Network around Kasaba Plain.” Gephyra 12: 89–109.
  • Onur, F. 2002. “Antik Veriler Işığında Lykia'nın Hidrografyası.” In Likya İncelemeleri 1, edited by S. Şahin and M. Adak, 91–101. İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları.
  • Ormerod, H.A., and E.S.G. Robinson. 1914. “Inscriptions from Lycia.” JHS 34: 1–35.
  • Öner, E., and H. Akbulut. 2015. “Paleocoğrafik – Jeoarkeolojik Bulgular Işığında Patara Apollon Tapınağı’nın Yerinin Tartışılması: Patara Apollon Tapınağı Kısık Boğazı’nda mıydı? (Eşen Ovası – Muğla/Antalya).” Ege Coğrafya Dergisi 24, no. 2: 69–106.
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  • Robert, L. 1966. Documents de l’Asie Mineure méridionale. Genf, Paris: Droz.
  • Robert, L. 1963. Noms indigènes dans l’Asie Mineure gréco-romaine. Paris: Librairie Adrien Maisonneuve Robinson, E.S.G. 1914. “Coins from Lycia and Pamphylia.” JHS 34: 36–46.
  • Rousset, D. 2010. De Lycie en Cabalide: la convention entre les Lyciens et Termessos près d’Oinoanda. Geneva: Librairie Droz.
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  • Ruge, W. 1919. “Kalabatia.” In RE X2, 1529.
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  • Schuler, Ch. 2007. “Ein Vertrag zwischen Rom und den Lykiern aus Tyberissos.” Griechische Epigraphik in Lykien. Eine Zwischenblanz. Akten des int. Kolloquiums, München, 24–26. Februar 2005, edited by Ch. Schuler, 51–79, Vienna: VÖAW.
  • Schweyer, A.-V. 1996. “Le pays lycien: une étude de géographie historique aux époques classique et hellénistique.” Revue Archéologique 1996, fasc. 1: 3–68.
  • Spratt, Th.A.B., and E. Forbes. 1847. Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis. Vol. I–II. London: van Voorst.
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Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Fatih Onur 0000-0002-8568-0222

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Onur, Fatih. “An Investigation Around Kragos in Lycia: The Question of Sidyma and Kalabatia”. Adalya, sy. 22 (Ekim 2019): 259-96.

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