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A New Athena Polias Votive Inscription from the Phaselis’ Acropolis

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 18, 117 - 132, 01.06.2015

Öz

This article presents a newly discovered votive inscription found during the course of the 2013 survey conducted at the ancient city of Phaselis and in its territory1. The inscription was found where the stairs to the acropolis from the southwest of the theatre end, in front of the west wall of the tower structure give access to the acropolis Fig. 1b-2 . This inscription in the Doric dialect, on a limestone block measuring 0.315 x 0.77 x 0.61 m., records a dedication to Athena Polias. The letters 0.03 m. high, exhibit Late Archaic - Early Classical Period features - - - - and, consequently the inscription can be dated to the Vth century B.C.

Kaynakça

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  • Il. Parva (= Ilias Parva) Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns And Homerica, H. G. Evelyn-White (ed.) (1914).
  • Lys. (= Lysias). Lysias, W. R. M. Lamb (ed.) (20008).
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Phaselis Akropolisinden Athena Polias’a Yeni Bir Adak Yazıtı

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 18, 117 - 132, 01.06.2015

Öz

Bu makale, Phaselis antik kenti ve teritoryumunda sürdürülen 2013 yılı yüzey araştırmaları sırasında tiyatronun hemen güneybatısından akropolise girişin sağlandığı alandaki kule yapısının batı duvarı önünde keşfedilen yeni bir adak yazıtını tanıtmaktadır. Kentin baş tanrıçası Athena Polias için adanan söz konusu yazıt Dor diyalektindedir ve harf karakterlerinin Geç Arkaik - Erken Klasik Dönem özellikleri göstermesi nedeniyle M.Ö. V. yy.’a tarihlendirilmiştir: “Khrysias oğlu Euphanes servetinin ondabirlik adağını Athena Polias’a dua ederek adadı .” Athena en eski dönemlerden itibaren özellikle Ege Adaları’nda ve Hellas’ta kentlerin, kurumların ve mitolojik kahramanların koruyucusu olarak tapınım görmüş ve bu fonksiyonunu farklı şekillerde göstermiştir. Athena’nın kentleri koruyucu rolüyle bağlantılı en klasik efsane kuşkusuz Troia Savaşı’nda, Troia’nın ele geçirilip savaşın kaybedilmesine neden olan Palladion heykeline ilişkindir. Bu kapsamda kent Akhalar kaşısında büyük bir direniş göstermiş, ancak koruyucu tılsımı olan Athena’nın Palladion heykelinin Odysseus ve Diomedes tarafından çalınmasının ardından savaşı kaybetmiştir. Bunun yanında Athena sıklıkla anıldığı Polias Πολιάς , Polioukhos Πολιοῦχος ve Atina kentinin Attika-Delos Deniz Birliği’ni kurarak bir imparatorluğa dönüştüğü dönemde dini bir propaganda aracı olarak kullandığı Atinalıların koruyucusu Ἀθηνᾶ Ἀθηνῶν μεδέουσα epithetonları tanrıçanın kentlerin koruyucusu olarak algılandığını net bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle Arkaik ve Klasik dönemlerde Zeus ve Apollon ile beraber siyasal anlamda en önemli tanrılar arasında yer alan Athena’nın bu yönünü en yaygın olarak yansıtan epithetonu ise Poliastır. Söz konusu epithetonun her daim akropolisi işaret etmesi nedeniyle, tapım gördüğü kentlerin akropolisinde genellikle bir tapınağı bulunur. Bu bağlamda tanrıça her daim akropolisteki önemli tanrılar arasında yer alırken, sıklıkla da baş tanrıça konumundadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ael. Herod. (= Aelius Herodianus, De Prosodia Catholica). De Prosodia Catholica, A. Lents (ed.) (1867).
  • Apollod. bibl. (= Apollodoros, Bibliotheke). The Library, vols. I-II, J. G. Frazer (ed.) vol. I (20019); vol. II. (20029).
  • Arct. Il. (= Arctinus, Ilioupersis). The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, H. G. Evelyn-White (ed.) (1914).
  • Arr. perip. (= Arrianus, Periplus Ponti Euxini). Arrianus’un Karadeniz Seyahati: Periplus Ponti Euxini, M. Arslan (ed.) (2005).
  • Ath. Deip. (= Athenaios, Deipnosophisticarum Epitome) The Deipnosophistis, vols. I-VII, C. B. Gulick (ed.) (1927-19996).
  • Callim. hym. (= Callimachus, hymns). Calimachus, Hymns and Epigrams, A. W. Mair (ed.) (20007).
  • Diod. (= Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheke Historike). Diodorus of Sicily, vols. I-VI, C. H. Oldfather (ed.); vol. VII, C. H. Sherman (ed.); vol. VIII, C. B. Welles (ed.); vol. IX-X, R. M. Geer (ed.); vol. XI-XII, F. R. Walton (ed.) (1933-20047).
  • Dion. Hal. ant. (= Dionysios Halikarnassos, De Antiquitates Romanae). Dionysius of Halicarnassus, The Roman Antiquities, vols. I-VII, E. Carry (ed.), vol. I (20016); vol. VII. (19843).
  • Hdt. (= Herodotos, Historiae). The Persian Wars. vols. I-IV, A. D. Godley (ed.) (1920- 200412).
  • Hom. h. (= hymni Homerici). Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, H. G. EvelynWhite (ed.) (1914).
  • Hom. Il. (= Homeros, İlyada). İlyada, A. Erhat – A. Kadir (ed.) (1993).
  • Il. Parva (= Ilias Parva) Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns And Homerica, H. G. Evelyn-White (ed.) (1914).
  • Lys. (= Lysias). Lysias, W. R. M. Lamb (ed.) (20008).
  • Mela (= Pomponius Mela, De Chorographia). Pomponius Mela’s Description of the World, F. E. Romer (ed.) (1998).
  • Ovid. Fast. (= Ovidius, Fasti). Fasti, vol. V, J. G. Frazer (ed.) (20038).
  • Paus. (= Pausanias, Periegesis tes Hellados). Description of Greece, vol. I; III-IV, W. H. Jones (ed.); vol. II, W. H. Jones – H. A. Ormerod (ed.); vol. V, R. E. Wycherley (ed.) (1918-200410).
  • Phot. Bib. (= Photios, Bibliotheka). Photios: Bibliotheka, R. Henry (ed.) (1971).
  • Pind. Olym. (= Pindaros, Olympian). Pindar: Olympian Odes, W. H. Race (ed.) (1997).
  • Plat. Phaid. (= Platon, Phaidros). Plato: Phaedrus, vol. IX, H. N. Fowler (ed.) 1925.
  • Plut. Alex. (= Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi: Aleksandros). Plutarch’s Lives, vols. I-XI, B. Perrin (ed.) (1959).
  • Plut. mor. (= Plutarkhos, Moralia). Plutarch’s Moralia, vols. I-XIV, F. C. Babbitt – W. C. Helmbold (ed.) (1928-1967).
  • Plut. Quaest. Graec. (= Plutarch, Quaestiones Graecae). Plutarch’s Moralia, vol IV, F. C. Babbitt (ed.) (1936).
  • Poll. onom. (= Pollux, Onomasticon). Pollux: Onomasticon. II vols., E. Bethe (ed.), (1900-1931).
  • Polyb. Schol. Dem. (= Scholia in Demosthenem). Scholia Demosthenica, vols. I-II, M. R. Dilts (ed.), vol I (1983); vol II (1986).
  • Schol. Eur. Ores. (= Euripides, Scholia in Orestem). Scholia in Euripidem, vols II, E. Schwartz (ed.) (1887-1891).
  • Schol. Pind. Olym. (= Scholia in Pindarum, Olympian). Scholia in Olympionicarum. A. B. Drachmann (ed.) (1903).
  • Strab. (= Strabon, Geographika). The Geography of Strabo, vols. I-VIII, H. L. Jones (ed.) (1917-1932).
  • Thuc. (= Thucydides). Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War, vols. I-III, C. F. Smith (ed.) (200311).
  • Verg. Aen. (= Vergilius, Aeneis). Virgil: Eclogues, Georgics, Aenid, the Minor Poems, vols. I-II, H. Fairclough (ed.) (1966-1967) (= Polybios, Historiai). The Histories, vols. I-VI, W. R. Paton (ed.) (1922-1927)
  • Adak – Tüner – Şahin 2005 M. Adak – N. Tüner – S. Şahin, “Inschriften aus Phaselis”, Gephyra II, 2005, 1-20.
  • Adak 2007 M. Adak, “Die dorische und äolische Kolonisation des lykisch-pamphylischen Grenzraumes im Lichte der Epigraphik und der historischen Geographie”, in: C. Schuler (ed.), Griechische Epigraphik in Lykien: Eine Zwischenbilanz: Akten des internationalen Kolloquiums München, 24.-26. Februar 2005 (2007) 41-50.
  • Amandry 1942 P. Amandry, “Actes d‘affranchissement delphiques”, BCH 66-67, 1942, 68-83.
  • Anderson – Dix 1997 C. A. Anderson – T. K. Dix, “Politics and State Religion in the Delian League: Athena and Apollo in the Eteocarpathian Decree”, ZPE 117, 1997, 129-132.
  • Arslan – Tüner-Önen 2013 M. Arslan – N. Tüner-Önen, “The Surface Exploration of Phaselis and its Territorium 2013”, Anmed 12, 2014, 189-195.
  • Barnett 1974 R. D. Barnett, “A Silver Hand-Vase with Lycian Inscriptions”, in: Mansel‘e Armağan / Melanges Mansel II (1974) 893-901.
  • Barron 1964 J. P. Barron, “Religious Propaganda of the Delian League”, JHS 84, 1964, 35-48.
  • Blackman 1981 J. Blackman, “The Inscriptions”, in: J. Schäfer (ed.), Phaselis (1981) 138-163.
  • Bresson 1999 A. Bresson, “Rhodes and Lycia in Hellenistic Time”, in: V. Gabrieben et al. (ed.), Hellenistic Rhodes Politics, Culture and Society (1999) 95-131.
  • Bryce 1986 T. R. Bryce, The Lycians: The Lycians in literary and epigraphic sources (1986). Chadwick – Ventris 1973
  • J. Chadwick – M. Ventris, Documents in Mycenaean Greek2 (1973).
  • CID Corpus des inscriptions de Delphes (1977-2002). IV vols: G. Rougement (ed.), Lois sacrées et règlements religieux (1977) vol. I; J. Bousquet (ed.), Les Comptes du quatrième et du troisième siècle (1989) vol II; A. Bélis (ed.), Les Hymnes à Apollon (1992) vol III; F. Lefévre – D. Laroche – O. Masson (ed.), Documents Amphictioniques (2002).
  • Cole 1995 S. G. Cole, “Civic Cult and Civic Identity”, in: M. H. Hansen (ed.), Sources for the ancient Greek city-state: symposium August, 24-27, 1994. Acts of the Copenhagen Polis Centre, vol. II (1995) 292-325.
  • Demargne 1984 P. Demargne, “Athena”, LIMC II (1984) 955-1044.
  • Dusinberre 2013 E. R. M. Dusinberre, Empire, Authority & Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia (2013)
  • Dümmler 1896 F. Dümmler, “Athena”, RE II.4 (1896) 1941-2020.
  • Farnell 1896 L. R. Farnell, The Cults of The Greek States, vol. I (1896).
  • FD III É. Bourguet, Fouilles de Delphes III (5): Les Comptes du IVe Siècle (1932).
  • FGrHist Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker, F. Jacoby (ed.), vols. I-XV (1923-1958).
  • FHG Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, K. Müller (ed.) 1841-1870.
  • Fischer-Hansen et. al. 2004 T. Fischer-Hansen – T. H. Nielsen – C. Ampolo, “Sikelia”, in: M. H. Hansen – T. H. Nielsen (ed.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (2004) 172-248. Frazer 1921 J. G. Frazer, Apollodorus (1921).
  • Frei 1990 P. Frei, “Die Götterkulte Lykiens in der Kaiserzeit”, ANRW II 18.3 (1990) 1729-1864.
  • Hall 1986 A. S. Hall, “The Milyadeis and their Territory”, AnatSt 36, 1986, 137-157.
  • Hawkins 1974 J. D. Hawkins, “Attestations of Malija (Athena) in Lycian”, in: Mansel’e Armağan Melanges Mansel II (1974) 902-903.
  • Heipp-Tamer 1993 C. Heipp-Tamer, Die Münzprägung der lykischen Stadt Phaselis in griechischer Zeit (1993).
  • Herington 1955 C. J. Herington, Athena Parthenos and Athena Polias (1955).
  • Herzog 1928 R. Herzog, Heilige Gesetze von Kos (1928).
  • Higbie 2003 C. Higbie, The Lindian Chronicle and the Greek Creation of their Past (2003).
  • I.Kalchedon R. Merkelbach – F. K. Dörner – S. Şahin (ed.), Die Inschriften von Kalchedon (1980).
  • I.Rhod. Peraia W. Blümel (ed.), Die Inschriften der rhodischen Peraia (1991).
  • IC M. Guarducci (ed.), Inscriptiones Creticae, IV vols. (1935-1950).
  • Jacquemin 1999 A. Jacquemin, Offrandes monumentales à Delphes (1999).
  • Keen 1996 A. G. Keen, “Alexander’s invasion of Lycia: its route and purpose”, in: The Ancient History Bullentin 10/3-4 (1996) 110-118.
  • Keen 1998 A. G. Keen, Dynastic Lycia: A Political of History of the Lycians and Their Relations with Foreign Powers: C. 545-362 B.C. (1998).
  • Koch 1901 Koch, “Δεκάτη”, RE IV (1901) 2423-2424.
  • Kolb – Tietz 2001 F. Kolb – W. Tietz, “Zagaba: Münzprägung und politische Geographie in Zentrallykien”, Chiron 31, 2001, 347-416.
  • Kroll 1982 J. H. Kroll, “The Ancient Image of Athena Polias”, Hesperia Supplements 20, 1982, 65-76.
  • Kurse 1952 B. gr. Kurse, “Polias”, RE XXI 42 (1952) 1363-1365.
  • Laroche 1979 E. Laroche, “L’inscription lycienne”, H. Metzger et al. (ed.), Fouilles de Xanthos. Tome VI, La Stèle trilingue du Létôon (1979) 49-127.
  • Laroche 1980 E. Laroche, “Les dieux de la Lycie classique d’apres les textes lyciens”, in: H. Metzger (ed.), Actes du Colloque sur la Lycie Antique (Bibliothèque de l’Institut Français d’Etudes Anatoliennes d’Istanbul 27) (1980) 1-6.
  • Lebrun 1982 R. Lebrun, “Maliya, une divinité anatolienne mal connue”, in: S. Scheers – J. Quaegebeur (ed.), Studia Paulo Naster Oblata II: Orientalia Antiqua (1982) 123-130.
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Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Nihal Tüner Önen Bu kişi benim

Fatih Yılmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 18

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Tüner Önen, Nihal, ve Fatih Yılmaz. “A New Athena Polias Votive Inscription from the Phaselis’ Acropolis”. Adalya, sy. 18 (Haziran 2015): 117-32.

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