BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Building System Characterization of Traditional Architecture in Cappadocia, Turkey

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 21, 375 - 410, 01.06.2018

Öz

Located in central Anatolia, Cappadocia presents a spectacular landscape created by characteristic geology and architectural patterns. Throughout the region an indigenous settlement pattern has been generated by using rock carving and masonry techniques. This article aims to identify and characterize the building system specific to this region and to analyze it through a systematic study. For this analysis more than twenty representative examples of traditional houses from Ürgüp and the nearby villages of Mustafapaşa and İbrahimpaşa have been studied in detail. System sections and details of the buildings were drawn, and interviews were conducted with local masons who are still working in the field. Therefore, every building part is evaluated in terms of material, technique, and relationship to each other.

Kaynakça

  • Altınöz et al. 2013 A. G. Bilgin Altinöz – S. Coutignies – B. Erdil – U. Akyüz – T. Topal – G. Akoğlu – F. Diri – N. Şahin Güçhan, Restoration Project for “Andron A” in Labraunda, Project Report (Unpublished Report) (2013).
  • Ayhan 2004 A. Ayhan, Geological and Morphological Investigations of the Underground Cities of Cappadocia Using GIS (Middle East Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2004).
  • Binan Ulusoy 1994 D. Binan Ulusoy, Güzelyurt örneğinde, Kapadokya bölgesi yığma taş konut mimarisinin korunması için bir yöntem araştırması (Yıldız Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 1994).
  • Bixio 2002 R. Bixio, “Origini del costruire net sottosuolo”, in: R. Bixio – V. Castellani – C. Succiarelli (eds.), Cappadocia, Le città sotterranee (2002) 21-30.
  • Diri 2010 F. Diri, Construction Techniques of Traditional Birgi Houses (Middle East Technical University Unpublished Master Thesis 2010).
  • Erençin 1979 A. Erençin, Kapadokya Yerel Konutlarında Turizme Yönelik Yenileme Çalışmalarına Bir Yaklaşım: Örnek Avcılar Köyü (Istanbul Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 1979).
  • Erguvanlı – Yüzer 1977 A. K. Erguvanlı – A. E Yüzer, “Past and present use of underground openings excavated in volcanic tufts at Cappadocia area”, in: Proceedings on Rock Storage (1977) 15-17.
  • Giovannini 1971 L. Giovannini (ed.), Arts of Cappadocia (1971).
  • Göreme Long-Term Development Plan 1968 Göreme Long-Term Development Plan, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (1968).
  • Kalas 2000 V. Kalas, Rock-Cut Architecture of the Peristrema Valley: Society and Settlement in Byzantine Cappadocia (New York University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2000).
  • Kalas 2004 V. Kalas, “Early explorations of Cappadocia and the monastic myth”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 28.1, 2004, 101-119.
  • Kazmaoğlu – Tanyeli 1979 M. Kazmaoğlu – U. Tanyeli, Anadolu Konut Mimarisinde Bölgesel Farklılıklar”, Yapı 33, 1979, 29-41.
  • Ousterhout 1995 R. Ousterhout, “Historical design in the environment: examination of a Byzantine settlement in Cappadocia”, in: Proceedings, ACSA West Central Region Conference, Urbana-Champaign (1995) 13-19.
  • Öz – Ayan 2011 O. Öz – M. Ayan, Interview by Funda Solmaz. Tape recording. Nevşehir (November 2011).
  • Öztürk 2009 F. Öztürk, Rock Carving in Cappadocia from Past to Present (2009).
  • Öztürk 2010 F. Öztürk, A Comparative Architectural Investigation of The Middle Byzantine Courtyard Complexes in Açıksaray - Cappadocia: Questions of Monastic and Secular Settlement (Middle East Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2010).
  • Rodley 1985 L. Rodley, Cave Monasteries of Byzantine (1985).
  • Sağıroğlu 2017 Ö. Sağıroğlu, “Characteristics and Construction Techniques of Akseki Bucakalan Village Rural Dwellings”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage 11.3, 2017, 433-455. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2016.1243277
  • Solmaz Şakar – Şahin Güçhan 2015 F. Solmaz Şakar – N. Şahin Güçhan, “Traditional Structural Elements in Ürgüp: Walls and Vaults”, in: B. Bowen – D. Friedman – T. Leslie – J. Ochsendorf (ed.), 5ICCH - 5th International Congress on Construction History, Chicago, 3-7 June 2015 (2015) III, 363-371.
  • Solmaz Şakar – Şahin Güçhan 2014 F. Solmaz – N. Şahin Güçhan, “A Unique Example of Vernacular Construction in Anatolia: The Construction Technique in Traditional Cappadocia Houses”, SACH 2014-9th International Conference on the Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (proceedings), Mexico City, 14-17 October 2014 (2014) 33-34.
  • Şahin Güçhan 2018 N. Şahin Güçhan, “History and Characteristics of Construction Techniques Used in Traditional Timber Ottoman Houses”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 12.1, 2018, 1-20, DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2017.1336811
  • Tatar Akman 1985 S. Tatar Akman, The Preservation and Rehabilitation Project of “Yeni Mahalle”, Mustafapaşa (Middle East Technical University Unpublished Master Thesis 1985). Topal – Doyuran 1998
  • T. Topal – V. Doyuran, “Analyses of deterioration of the Cappadocian Tuff, Turkey”, Environmental Geology 34.1, 1998, 5-20. DOI: 10.1007/s002540050252
  • Toprak 1998 V. Toprak, “Vent distribution and its relation to regional tectonics, Cappadocian Volcanics, Turkey”, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1998, 85, 55-67.
  • Tuna Yüncü 2015 Z. Tuna Yüncü, A Proposal for a Method of Cultural Landscape Character Assessment: A Research on the Context, Method and Results for the Cappadocia Landscape, Turkey (Middle East Technical University, Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2015).
  • Tunçoku et al. 2015 S. S. Tunçoku – Ü. İnceköse – T. Akış – M. A. Yalçın, “Assessment of Construction Techniques and Material Usage in İzmir Rural Houses”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage 9.8, 2015, 1005-1022. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2014.903446
Yıl 2018, Sayı: 21, 375 - 410, 01.06.2018

Öz

Kapadokya Anadolu’nun ortasında kendine özgü jeolojisi ve mimari dokusuyla etkileyici bir kültürel peyzaj alanı sunar. Kapadokya’da kaya oymacılık, yığma tekniklerle birlikte geleneksel yapım tekniklerini oluşturur. Bu iki tekniğin bir arada kullanılması, Kapadokya’da bölgeye özgü bir yerleşim dokusu ve mimarinin gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma bölgeye özgü bu yapım sistemini tanımlamak ve sistematik bir çalışmayla analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla Ürgüp ve yakın köyleri Mustafapaşa ve İbrahimpaşa’dan geleneksel konutları temsil eden 20’den fazla örnek seçilerek detaylı olarak çalışılmış, sistem kesitleri ve detayları çizilmiş, hala aktif olarak çalışan yerel yapı ustaları ile mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Böylece geleneksel konutlardaki her yapı öğesi malzeme teknik ve birbirleri ile ilişkileri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Altınöz et al. 2013 A. G. Bilgin Altinöz – S. Coutignies – B. Erdil – U. Akyüz – T. Topal – G. Akoğlu – F. Diri – N. Şahin Güçhan, Restoration Project for “Andron A” in Labraunda, Project Report (Unpublished Report) (2013).
  • Ayhan 2004 A. Ayhan, Geological and Morphological Investigations of the Underground Cities of Cappadocia Using GIS (Middle East Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2004).
  • Binan Ulusoy 1994 D. Binan Ulusoy, Güzelyurt örneğinde, Kapadokya bölgesi yığma taş konut mimarisinin korunması için bir yöntem araştırması (Yıldız Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 1994).
  • Bixio 2002 R. Bixio, “Origini del costruire net sottosuolo”, in: R. Bixio – V. Castellani – C. Succiarelli (eds.), Cappadocia, Le città sotterranee (2002) 21-30.
  • Diri 2010 F. Diri, Construction Techniques of Traditional Birgi Houses (Middle East Technical University Unpublished Master Thesis 2010).
  • Erençin 1979 A. Erençin, Kapadokya Yerel Konutlarında Turizme Yönelik Yenileme Çalışmalarına Bir Yaklaşım: Örnek Avcılar Köyü (Istanbul Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 1979).
  • Erguvanlı – Yüzer 1977 A. K. Erguvanlı – A. E Yüzer, “Past and present use of underground openings excavated in volcanic tufts at Cappadocia area”, in: Proceedings on Rock Storage (1977) 15-17.
  • Giovannini 1971 L. Giovannini (ed.), Arts of Cappadocia (1971).
  • Göreme Long-Term Development Plan 1968 Göreme Long-Term Development Plan, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (1968).
  • Kalas 2000 V. Kalas, Rock-Cut Architecture of the Peristrema Valley: Society and Settlement in Byzantine Cappadocia (New York University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2000).
  • Kalas 2004 V. Kalas, “Early explorations of Cappadocia and the monastic myth”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 28.1, 2004, 101-119.
  • Kazmaoğlu – Tanyeli 1979 M. Kazmaoğlu – U. Tanyeli, Anadolu Konut Mimarisinde Bölgesel Farklılıklar”, Yapı 33, 1979, 29-41.
  • Ousterhout 1995 R. Ousterhout, “Historical design in the environment: examination of a Byzantine settlement in Cappadocia”, in: Proceedings, ACSA West Central Region Conference, Urbana-Champaign (1995) 13-19.
  • Öz – Ayan 2011 O. Öz – M. Ayan, Interview by Funda Solmaz. Tape recording. Nevşehir (November 2011).
  • Öztürk 2009 F. Öztürk, Rock Carving in Cappadocia from Past to Present (2009).
  • Öztürk 2010 F. Öztürk, A Comparative Architectural Investigation of The Middle Byzantine Courtyard Complexes in Açıksaray - Cappadocia: Questions of Monastic and Secular Settlement (Middle East Technical University Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2010).
  • Rodley 1985 L. Rodley, Cave Monasteries of Byzantine (1985).
  • Sağıroğlu 2017 Ö. Sağıroğlu, “Characteristics and Construction Techniques of Akseki Bucakalan Village Rural Dwellings”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage 11.3, 2017, 433-455. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2016.1243277
  • Solmaz Şakar – Şahin Güçhan 2015 F. Solmaz Şakar – N. Şahin Güçhan, “Traditional Structural Elements in Ürgüp: Walls and Vaults”, in: B. Bowen – D. Friedman – T. Leslie – J. Ochsendorf (ed.), 5ICCH - 5th International Congress on Construction History, Chicago, 3-7 June 2015 (2015) III, 363-371.
  • Solmaz Şakar – Şahin Güçhan 2014 F. Solmaz – N. Şahin Güçhan, “A Unique Example of Vernacular Construction in Anatolia: The Construction Technique in Traditional Cappadocia Houses”, SACH 2014-9th International Conference on the Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (proceedings), Mexico City, 14-17 October 2014 (2014) 33-34.
  • Şahin Güçhan 2018 N. Şahin Güçhan, “History and Characteristics of Construction Techniques Used in Traditional Timber Ottoman Houses”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 12.1, 2018, 1-20, DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2017.1336811
  • Tatar Akman 1985 S. Tatar Akman, The Preservation and Rehabilitation Project of “Yeni Mahalle”, Mustafapaşa (Middle East Technical University Unpublished Master Thesis 1985). Topal – Doyuran 1998
  • T. Topal – V. Doyuran, “Analyses of deterioration of the Cappadocian Tuff, Turkey”, Environmental Geology 34.1, 1998, 5-20. DOI: 10.1007/s002540050252
  • Toprak 1998 V. Toprak, “Vent distribution and its relation to regional tectonics, Cappadocian Volcanics, Turkey”, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1998, 85, 55-67.
  • Tuna Yüncü 2015 Z. Tuna Yüncü, A Proposal for a Method of Cultural Landscape Character Assessment: A Research on the Context, Method and Results for the Cappadocia Landscape, Turkey (Middle East Technical University, Unpublished PhD Dissertation 2015).
  • Tunçoku et al. 2015 S. S. Tunçoku – Ü. İnceköse – T. Akış – M. A. Yalçın, “Assessment of Construction Techniques and Material Usage in İzmir Rural Houses”, International Journal of Architectural Heritage 9.8, 2015, 1005-1022. DOI: 10.1080/15583058.2014.903446
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Funda Solmaz Şakar Bu kişi benim

Neriman Şahin Güçhan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 21

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Solmaz Şakar, Funda, ve Neriman Şahin Güçhan. “Building System Characterization of Traditional Architecture in Cappadocia, Turkey”. Adalya, sy. 21 (Haziran 2018): 375-410.

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