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3 Dimensional Printing in Prosthetic Dentistry

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 215 - 222, 31.08.2025

Öz

Three-dimensional (3D) printers are used in dental clinics and laboratories, offering the opportunity to provide prosthetic dental treatment services more cost-effectively and faster compared to traditional methods. This technology addresses challenges encountered in the clinical and laboratory phases by minimizing errors associated with traditional impression taking and model production. Dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, implant-supported prostheses, removable partial denture frameworks, occlusal splints, personalized impression trays, complete dentures, models, and maxillofacial prostheses can be efficiently produced using 3D printers. As the use of 3D printers becomes more widespread, these devices are increasingly integrated into dental practices. Consequently, there is a growing demand for current information regarding this technology. The integration of 3D manufacturing technology contributes to the development of personalized treatment practices and enables customized solutions to meet individual patient needs. As the field of dentistry continues to embrace digital technology, ongoing research and development into three-dimensional printing techniques promise further advancements in treatment possibilities and greater success in results. This article aims to examine the 3D manufacturing techniques and applications used in dentistry, and to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages.

Kaynakça

  • Davidowitz G, Kotick PG. The use of CAD/CAM in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2011;55:559-70.
  • Karaalioğlu OF, Duymuş ZY. Dental Computer Aided Design- Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) Systems. J Dent Fac Ataturk Uni. 2008;12:25- 32.
  • Liu PR. A panorama of dental CAD/CAM restorative systems. Compendium. 2005;26:507-13.
  • Tian Y, Chen CX, Xu X, Wang J, Hou X, Li K, et al. A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications. Scanning. 2021;9950131.
  • Jain S, Sayed ME, Shetty M, Alqahtani SM, Al Wadei MHD, Gupta SG, et al. Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/ CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Polymers. 2022;14:2691.
  • Richert R, Goujat A, Venet L, Viguie G, Viennot S, Robinson P, et al. Intraoral Scanner Technologies: A Review to Make a Successful Impression. J Healthc Eng. 2017;8427595.
  • Jasiuk I, Abueidda DW, Kozuch C, Pang S, Su FY, McKittrick J. An overview on additive manufacturing of polymers. Jom. 2018;70:275-83.
  • Huang SH, Liu P, Mokasdar A, Hou L. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review. J Adv Manuf Technol. 2013;67:1191-203.
  • Van Noort, R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012;28:3-12.
  • Çelik İ, Karakoç F, Çakır MC, Duysak A. Hızlı prototipleme teknolojileri ve uygulama alanları. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University. 2013:53-70.
  • Galante R, Figueiredo-Pina CG, Serro AP. Additive manufacturing of ceramics for dental applications: A review. Dent Mater. 2019;35:825-46.
  • Jasveer S, Jianbin X. Comparison of different types of 3D printing technologies. Int J Sci Res. 2018;8:1-9.
  • Yap YL, Wang C, Sing SL, Dikshit V, Yeong WY, Wei J. Material Jetting Additive Manufacturing: An Experimental Study Using Designed Metrological Benchmarks. Precis Eng. 2017;50:275-85.
  • Yalçın B, Ergene B. Endüstride yeni eğilim olan 3-d eklemeli imalat yöntemi ve metalurjisi. UTBD. 2017;9:65-88.
  • Travitzky N, Bonet A, Dermeik B, Fey T, Filbert- Demut I, Schlier L. Additive manufacturing of ceramic-based materials. Adv Eng Mater. 2014;16:729-54.
  • Khoshnevis B. Automated construction by contour crafting related robotics and information technologies. Automat Constr. 2004;13:5-19.
  • Hoy MB. 3D printing: making things at the library. Med Ref Serv Q. 2013;32:93-9.
  • Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, Nguyen KTQ, Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods,applications and challenges. Compos B Eng. 2018;143:172-96.
  • Adam N. A literature review of current 3D printing materials in dentistry. International Dentistry (African Ed). 2022;12:70-7.
  • Wang X, Jian M, Zhou Z, Gou J, Hui D. 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective. Compos B Eng. 2017;110:442-58.
  • Chaar MS, Witkowski S, Strub JR, Att W. Effect of veneering technique on the fracture resistance of zirconia fixed dental prostheses. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:51-9.
  • Chen Z, Li Z, Li J, Liu C, Lao C, Fu Y, et al. 3D printing of ceramics: A review. J Eur Ceram. 2019;39:661-87.
  • Abdeen L, Chen Y, Kostagianni A, Finkelman M, Papathanasiou A, Chochlidakis K, et al. Prosthesis accuracy of fit on 3D-printed casts versus stone casts: A comparative study in the anterior maxilla. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34:1238-46.
  • Sim JY, Jang Y, Kim WC, Kim HY, Lee DH, Kim JH. Comparing the accuracy (trueness and precision) of models of fixed dental prostheses fabricated by digital and conventional workflows. J Prosthodont Res. 2019;63:25-30.
  • Tahayeri A, Morgan MC, Fugolin AP, Bompolaki D, Athirasala A, Pfeifer CS, et al. 3D printed versus conventionally cured provisional crown and bridge dental materials. Dent Mater. 2018;34:192-200.
  • Wang W, Yu H, Liu Y, Jiang X, Gao B. Trueness analysis of zirconia crowns fabricated with 3-dimensional printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:285-91.
  • Koutsoukis T, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Al-Wazzan K, Rifaiy MA, Al Jabbari YS. Selective Laser Melting Technique of Co-Cr Dental Alloys: A Review of Structure and Properties and Comparative Analysis with Other Available Techniques. J Prosthodont. 2015;24:303-12.
  • Presotto AGC, Barao VAR, Bhering CLB, Mesquita MF. Dimensional precision of implant-supported frameworks fabricated by 3D printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122:38-45.
  • Bartikian M, Ferreira A, Gonçalves-Ferreira A, Neto LL. 3D printing anatomical models of head bones. Surg Radiol Ana. 2019;41:1205-9.
  • Xia J, Ip HH, Samman N, Wang D, Kot CS, Yeung RW, et al. Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation: 3D virtual osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;29:11-7.
  • Alshawaf B, Weber HP, Finkelman M, El Rafie K, Kudara Y, Papaspyridakos P. Accuracy of printed casts generated from digital implant impressions versus stone casts from conventional implant impressions: A comparative in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018;28:835-42.
  • Rokhshad R, Tehrani AM, Zarbakhsh A, Revilla- Leon M. Influence of fabrication method on the manufacturing accuracy and internal discrepancy of removable partial dentures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2023;133:724-35.
  • Chen J, Ahmad R, Suenaga H, Li W, Sasaki K, Swain M, et al. Shape Optimization for Additive Manufacturing of Removable Partial Dentures A New Paradigm for Prosthetic CAD/CAM. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0132552.
  • Maeda Y, Minoura M, Tsutsumi S, Okada M, Nokubi T. A CAD/CAM System For Removable Denture. Part I: Fabrication of Complete Dentures. Int J Prosthodont. 1994;7:17-21.
  • Baba NZ, AlRumaih HS, Goodacre BJ, Goodacre CJ. Current techniques in CAD/CAM denture fabrication. Gen Dent. 2016;64:23-8.
  • Steinmassl O, Dumfahrt H, Grunert I, Steinmassl PA. CAD/CAM produces dentures with improved fit. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22:2829-35.
  • Kalberer N, Mehl A, Schimmel M, Müller F, Srinivasan M. CAD-CAM milled versus rapidly prototyped (3D-printed) complete dentures: An in vitro evaluation of trueness. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:637-43.
  • Lin WS, Harris BT, Pellerito J, Morton D. Fabrication of an interim complete removable dental prosthesis with an in-office digital light processing threedimensional printer: A proof-of-concept technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:331-4.
  • Unkovskiy A, Schmidt F, Beuer F, Li P, Spintzyk S, Kraemer Fernandez P. Stereolithography vs. direct light processing for rapid manufacturing of complete denture bases: an in vitro accuracy analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10:1070.
  • Salmi M, Paloheimo KS, Tuomi J, Ingman T, Makitie A. A digital process for additive manufacturing of occlusal splints: a clinical pilot study. J R Soc Interface. 2013;10:20130203.
  • Lutz AM, Hampe R, Roos M, Lumkemann N, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Fracture resistance and 2-body wear of 3-dimensional-printed occlusal devices. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:166-72.
  • Reyes-Sevilla M, Kuijs RH, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Lobbezoo F. Comparison of wear between occlusal splint materials and resin composite materials. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45:539-44.
  • Park JM, Ahn JS, Cha HS, Lee JH. Wear Resistance of 3D Printing Resin Material Opposing Zirconia and Metal Antagonists. Materials (Basel). 2018;11:1043.
  • Revilla-Leon M, Sanchez-Rubio JL, Oteo-Calatayud J, Ozcan M. Impression technique for a completearch prosthesis with multiple implants using additive manufacturing technologies. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117:714-20.
  • Cascon WP, Revilla-Leon M. Digital workflow for the design and additively manufacture of a splinted framework and custom tray for the impression of multiple implants: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:805-11.
  • Chen H, Yang X, Chen L, Wang Y, Sun Y. Application of FDM three-dimensional printing technology in the digital manufacture of custom edentulous mandible trays. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19207.
  • AlShaibani R, Akhtar T, Gentle M, Chen P, Liao P. Digital Applications of Maxillofacial Reconstruction– A systematic review. J Adv Dent. 2021;1:21-7.
  • de Caxias FP, Dos Santos DM, Bannwart LC, de Moraes Melo Neto CL, Goiato MC. Classification, History, and Future Prospects of Maxillofacial Prosthesis. Int J Dent. 2019;1:8657619.

Protetik Diş Tedavisinde 3 Boyutlu Yazıcılar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 215 - 222, 31.08.2025

Öz

Diş kliniklerinde ve laboratuvarlarda üç boyutlu (3D) yazıcıların kullanılması, geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla protetik diş tedavisinde uygun maliyetle ve daha hızlı bir şekilde hizmet üretme olanağı sağlamaktadır. Bu teknoloji, geleneksel ölçü alma ve model üretimiyle ilişkili hataları en aza indirerek klinik ve laboratuvar aşamalarında karşılaşılan zorlukları büyük ölçüde gidermektedir. Diş restorasyonları, kronlar, köprüler, implant destekli protezler, çıkarılabilir kısmi diş protezi iskeletleri, okluzal splintler, kişiselleştirilmiş ölçü kaşıkları, tam diş protezleri, modeller ve maksillofasiyal protezler gibi çeşitli diş restorasyonları, 3B yazıcılar kullanılarak etkin bir şekilde üretilebilir. 3B yazıcıların kullanımı yaygınlaştıkça, bu cihazlar diş kliniklerine giderek daha fazla entegre edilmektedir. Bu nedenle de bu teknoloji hakkındaki güncel bilgilere olan talep artmaktadır. 3D üretim teknolojisinin entegrasyonu, kişiye özel tedavi uygulamalarının gelişmesine katkı sağlamakta ve bireysel hasta ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya yönelik özelleştirilmiş çözümlere olanak tanımaktadır. Diş hekimliği alanı dijital teknolojiyi benimsemeye devam ettikçe, üç boyutlu baskı teknikleri konusunda devam eden araştırma ve geliştirme faaliyetleri, tedavi olanaklarında daha fazla gelişme ve elde edilen sonuçlarda daha fazla başarı vaat etmektedir. Bu makalede, diş hekimliğinde kullanılan 3B üretim teknikleri ve uygulamaları incelenmekte, sunduğu avantaj ve dezavantajların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Davidowitz G, Kotick PG. The use of CAD/CAM in dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 2011;55:559-70.
  • Karaalioğlu OF, Duymuş ZY. Dental Computer Aided Design- Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) Systems. J Dent Fac Ataturk Uni. 2008;12:25- 32.
  • Liu PR. A panorama of dental CAD/CAM restorative systems. Compendium. 2005;26:507-13.
  • Tian Y, Chen CX, Xu X, Wang J, Hou X, Li K, et al. A Review of 3D Printing in Dentistry: Technologies, Affecting Factors, and Applications. Scanning. 2021;9950131.
  • Jain S, Sayed ME, Shetty M, Alqahtani SM, Al Wadei MHD, Gupta SG, et al. Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/ CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Polymers. 2022;14:2691.
  • Richert R, Goujat A, Venet L, Viguie G, Viennot S, Robinson P, et al. Intraoral Scanner Technologies: A Review to Make a Successful Impression. J Healthc Eng. 2017;8427595.
  • Jasiuk I, Abueidda DW, Kozuch C, Pang S, Su FY, McKittrick J. An overview on additive manufacturing of polymers. Jom. 2018;70:275-83.
  • Huang SH, Liu P, Mokasdar A, Hou L. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review. J Adv Manuf Technol. 2013;67:1191-203.
  • Van Noort, R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dent Mater. 2012;28:3-12.
  • Çelik İ, Karakoç F, Çakır MC, Duysak A. Hızlı prototipleme teknolojileri ve uygulama alanları. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University. 2013:53-70.
  • Galante R, Figueiredo-Pina CG, Serro AP. Additive manufacturing of ceramics for dental applications: A review. Dent Mater. 2019;35:825-46.
  • Jasveer S, Jianbin X. Comparison of different types of 3D printing technologies. Int J Sci Res. 2018;8:1-9.
  • Yap YL, Wang C, Sing SL, Dikshit V, Yeong WY, Wei J. Material Jetting Additive Manufacturing: An Experimental Study Using Designed Metrological Benchmarks. Precis Eng. 2017;50:275-85.
  • Yalçın B, Ergene B. Endüstride yeni eğilim olan 3-d eklemeli imalat yöntemi ve metalurjisi. UTBD. 2017;9:65-88.
  • Travitzky N, Bonet A, Dermeik B, Fey T, Filbert- Demut I, Schlier L. Additive manufacturing of ceramic-based materials. Adv Eng Mater. 2014;16:729-54.
  • Khoshnevis B. Automated construction by contour crafting related robotics and information technologies. Automat Constr. 2004;13:5-19.
  • Hoy MB. 3D printing: making things at the library. Med Ref Serv Q. 2013;32:93-9.
  • Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, Nguyen KTQ, Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods,applications and challenges. Compos B Eng. 2018;143:172-96.
  • Adam N. A literature review of current 3D printing materials in dentistry. International Dentistry (African Ed). 2022;12:70-7.
  • Wang X, Jian M, Zhou Z, Gou J, Hui D. 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective. Compos B Eng. 2017;110:442-58.
  • Chaar MS, Witkowski S, Strub JR, Att W. Effect of veneering technique on the fracture resistance of zirconia fixed dental prostheses. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:51-9.
  • Chen Z, Li Z, Li J, Liu C, Lao C, Fu Y, et al. 3D printing of ceramics: A review. J Eur Ceram. 2019;39:661-87.
  • Abdeen L, Chen Y, Kostagianni A, Finkelman M, Papathanasiou A, Chochlidakis K, et al. Prosthesis accuracy of fit on 3D-printed casts versus stone casts: A comparative study in the anterior maxilla. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34:1238-46.
  • Sim JY, Jang Y, Kim WC, Kim HY, Lee DH, Kim JH. Comparing the accuracy (trueness and precision) of models of fixed dental prostheses fabricated by digital and conventional workflows. J Prosthodont Res. 2019;63:25-30.
  • Tahayeri A, Morgan MC, Fugolin AP, Bompolaki D, Athirasala A, Pfeifer CS, et al. 3D printed versus conventionally cured provisional crown and bridge dental materials. Dent Mater. 2018;34:192-200.
  • Wang W, Yu H, Liu Y, Jiang X, Gao B. Trueness analysis of zirconia crowns fabricated with 3-dimensional printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:285-91.
  • Koutsoukis T, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Al-Wazzan K, Rifaiy MA, Al Jabbari YS. Selective Laser Melting Technique of Co-Cr Dental Alloys: A Review of Structure and Properties and Comparative Analysis with Other Available Techniques. J Prosthodont. 2015;24:303-12.
  • Presotto AGC, Barao VAR, Bhering CLB, Mesquita MF. Dimensional precision of implant-supported frameworks fabricated by 3D printing. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122:38-45.
  • Bartikian M, Ferreira A, Gonçalves-Ferreira A, Neto LL. 3D printing anatomical models of head bones. Surg Radiol Ana. 2019;41:1205-9.
  • Xia J, Ip HH, Samman N, Wang D, Kot CS, Yeung RW, et al. Computer-assisted three-dimensional surgical planning and simulation: 3D virtual osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000;29:11-7.
  • Alshawaf B, Weber HP, Finkelman M, El Rafie K, Kudara Y, Papaspyridakos P. Accuracy of printed casts generated from digital implant impressions versus stone casts from conventional implant impressions: A comparative in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018;28:835-42.
  • Rokhshad R, Tehrani AM, Zarbakhsh A, Revilla- Leon M. Influence of fabrication method on the manufacturing accuracy and internal discrepancy of removable partial dentures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2023;133:724-35.
  • Chen J, Ahmad R, Suenaga H, Li W, Sasaki K, Swain M, et al. Shape Optimization for Additive Manufacturing of Removable Partial Dentures A New Paradigm for Prosthetic CAD/CAM. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0132552.
  • Maeda Y, Minoura M, Tsutsumi S, Okada M, Nokubi T. A CAD/CAM System For Removable Denture. Part I: Fabrication of Complete Dentures. Int J Prosthodont. 1994;7:17-21.
  • Baba NZ, AlRumaih HS, Goodacre BJ, Goodacre CJ. Current techniques in CAD/CAM denture fabrication. Gen Dent. 2016;64:23-8.
  • Steinmassl O, Dumfahrt H, Grunert I, Steinmassl PA. CAD/CAM produces dentures with improved fit. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22:2829-35.
  • Kalberer N, Mehl A, Schimmel M, Müller F, Srinivasan M. CAD-CAM milled versus rapidly prototyped (3D-printed) complete dentures: An in vitro evaluation of trueness. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:637-43.
  • Lin WS, Harris BT, Pellerito J, Morton D. Fabrication of an interim complete removable dental prosthesis with an in-office digital light processing threedimensional printer: A proof-of-concept technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:331-4.
  • Unkovskiy A, Schmidt F, Beuer F, Li P, Spintzyk S, Kraemer Fernandez P. Stereolithography vs. direct light processing for rapid manufacturing of complete denture bases: an in vitro accuracy analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10:1070.
  • Salmi M, Paloheimo KS, Tuomi J, Ingman T, Makitie A. A digital process for additive manufacturing of occlusal splints: a clinical pilot study. J R Soc Interface. 2013;10:20130203.
  • Lutz AM, Hampe R, Roos M, Lumkemann N, Eichberger M, Stawarczyk B. Fracture resistance and 2-body wear of 3-dimensional-printed occlusal devices. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:166-72.
  • Reyes-Sevilla M, Kuijs RH, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Lobbezoo F. Comparison of wear between occlusal splint materials and resin composite materials. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45:539-44.
  • Park JM, Ahn JS, Cha HS, Lee JH. Wear Resistance of 3D Printing Resin Material Opposing Zirconia and Metal Antagonists. Materials (Basel). 2018;11:1043.
  • Revilla-Leon M, Sanchez-Rubio JL, Oteo-Calatayud J, Ozcan M. Impression technique for a completearch prosthesis with multiple implants using additive manufacturing technologies. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117:714-20.
  • Cascon WP, Revilla-Leon M. Digital workflow for the design and additively manufacture of a splinted framework and custom tray for the impression of multiple implants: A dental technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:805-11.
  • Chen H, Yang X, Chen L, Wang Y, Sun Y. Application of FDM three-dimensional printing technology in the digital manufacture of custom edentulous mandible trays. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19207.
  • AlShaibani R, Akhtar T, Gentle M, Chen P, Liao P. Digital Applications of Maxillofacial Reconstruction– A systematic review. J Adv Dent. 2021;1:21-7.
  • de Caxias FP, Dos Santos DM, Bannwart LC, de Moraes Melo Neto CL, Goiato MC. Classification, History, and Future Prospects of Maxillofacial Prosthesis. Int J Dent. 2019;1:8657619.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Protez
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Nilüfer İpek Şahin 0000-0001-6950-1645

Emre Tokar 0000-0003-2985-3499

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Şahin Nİ, Tokar E. 3 Dimensional Printing in Prosthetic Dentistry. Aydin Dental Journal. 2025;11(2):215-22.

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