PROBİYOTİKLER: PERİODONTOLOJİDE ANTİBİYOTİKLERE ALTERNATİF OLABİLİR Mİ?

Öz

Periodontitis, actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia ve Tannerella forsythia gibi gram negatif anaerobik bakterilerin ve birçok faktörün rol aldığı karmaşık bir enfeksiyondur. İltihabi periodontal hastalıkların tedavisi, zamanla patojenik hale gelen supra ve subgingival biofilmin mekanik tedavi ile uzaklaştırılma ile başlar. Bu mekanik tedaviye ek olarak antibiyotikler ve gargaralar sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak son yıllarda antibiyotiklere karşı direnç geliştiğinden ve kullanılan bu ilaçlar oral floranın mikrobiyal dengesini bozabildiğinden dolayı alternatif yöntemler araştırılmaktadır. Probiyotikler yeterli miktarda kullanıldığında konak canlının sağlığı üzerinde yararlı etkiler oluşturan canlı mikroorganizmalardır. Önemli probiyotikler Lactobacillus ve Bifidobacterium, Escherichia, Enterococcus, Bacillus ve Streptococcus türleridir. Probiyotikler patojen bakterilerin büyüme ve gelişimini inhibe etmek, konak immün yanıtını uyarmak ve patojen bakteriler ile yer değiştirmek gibi mekanizmalar yoluyla periodontal dokular üzerinde olumlu etkilere sahiptir. Bu olumlu etkilerinden dolayı periodontal inflamasyonun tedavisinde konvansiyonel tedavilere ek olarak periodontal hastalık açısından yüksek riskli bireylerde son yıllarda koruyucu amaçlı kullanımları umut vaadetmektedir. Bu derlemede probiyotiklerin periodontal inflamasyon ve genel oral hijyenin devamlılığının sağlanmasında kullanımları güncel literatür ışığında değerlendirilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lactobacillus, Patojen- konak etkileşimleri, Periodontitis, Probiyotikler

Öz

Periodontitis is a complicated infection that involved by Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia and many other predisposing factors. The treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases starts with mechanical removal of supra and subgingival biofilm that once becomes pathogenic by time. Antibiotics and mouthwashes are widely used in addition to these mechanical treatments. However, alternative methods to antibiotics have been investigated in recent years because of increased resistance to antibiotics and disruption of the balance of oral microbial flora. Probiotics are defined as vital microorganisms that can provide benefits on host when used in sufficient amount. Important probiotic familyof bacteria include Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, Escherichia, Enterococcus, Bacillus, and Streptococcus species. Probiotics have positive effects on periodontal tissues by replacement of pathogenic microorganisms in oral flora, by stimulating immune response, by interfering the growth and development of periodontal pathogens. Therefore probiotics are promising of hope because of positive effects on conventional periodontal therapy and as protective agents for high-risk individuals in terms of periodontal disease. In this review, the usage of probiotics for treatment of periodontal inflammation and maintenance of oral hygiene was evaluated considering the current literature

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lactobacillus, Pathogen-host interactions, Periodontitis, Probiotics

Kaynakça

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