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THE EFFECT OF CLINICAL EDUCATION LEVELS OF UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS ON DENTAL ANXIETY AND EMPATHY LEVELS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 53 - 60, 01.12.2023
Bu makale için 17 Nisan 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/adj/issue/84201/1473433

Öz

Objectives:The social dentistry approach includes not only solving the problems of patients, as in the biomedical model, but also investigating the causes of their problems. It is crucial to have a thorough understanding of the patients, to have empathy for them, to consider the anxiety they will experience, and to be enlightening during treatment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dental anxiety (DA) and empathy levels of students at various levels of clinical education.

Materials and Methods:A questionnaire form was created using a digital platform. The questionnaire tool used in the research consists of three parts: 1.Questions about sociodemographic data; 2.The Dental Anxiety and Fear Index (IDAF-4C+) Turkish version; and 3.The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-S version.

Results: 510 dentistry students were included in the study. There was no difference between the DA levels of the clinician, observer, and preclinical student groups(p=0.765). However, there was a significant difference between empathy scores(p<0.001) and the lowest mean empathy scores were found in the clinician student group. No correlation was found between DA and the empathy scores of students(rho=0.026, p=0.557).

Conclusion:There is no significant difference between the DA levels of students at various stages of undergraduate education. This may be an indication that the theoretical, practical, and clinical education of dentistry is not effective in inducing or reducing students' DA levels. In addition,it can be thought that the decrease in empathy levels in the clinician student group may be related to the difficulty of dental clinical education, the intense workload, and the stress induced by clinical responsibilities.

Etik Beyan

The present study was carried out with the approval of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval Date/Number: 20.06.2023/57).

Kaynakça

  • Cianetti S, Lombardo G, Lupatelli E, et al. Dental fear/anxiety among children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2017;18(2):121–130; doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2017.18.02.07.
  • Grisolia BM, dos Santos APP, Dhyppolito IM, et al. Prevalence of dental anxiety in children and adolescents globally: A systematic review with meta-analyses. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2021;31(2):168–183; doi: 10.1111/ipd.12712.
  • Shim Y-S, Kim A-H, Jeon E-Y, et al. Dental fear & anxiety and dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015;15(2):53–61; doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2015.15.2.53.
  • Alansaari ABO, Tawfik A, Jaber MA, et al. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Dental Anxiety among a Group of Adult Patients Attending Dental Outpatient Clinics: A Study from UAE. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(12):6118; doi: 10.3390/ijerph20126118.
  • Buldur B, Armfield J. Development of the Turkish version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): Dental anxiety and concomitant factors in pediatric dental patients. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2018;42(4):279–286; doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-42.4.7.
  • Brahm C-O, Lundgren J, Carlsson SG, et al. Dentists’ views on fearful patients. Problems and promises. Swed Dent J 2012;36(2):79–89.
  • Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Nasca TJ, et al. Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159(9):1563–1569; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563.
  • Stepien KA, Baernstein A. Educating for empathy. A review. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21(5):524–530; doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00443.x.
  • Light A, Gupta T, Burrows A, et al. Learning empathy: the medical student perspective. Clin Teach 2019;16(1):76–77; doi: 10.1111/tct.12801.
  • Gönüllü İ, Öztuna D. A Turkish Adaptation of the Student Version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Marmara Medical Journal 2012;25(2).
  • Bedos C, Apelian N, Vergnes J-N. Towards a biopsychosocial approach in dentistry: the Montreal-Toulouse Model. Br Dent J 2020;228(6):465–468; doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1368-2.
  • Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med 2011;86(8):996–1009; doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615.
  • Andersen FA, Johansen A-SB, Søndergaard J, et al. Revisiting the trajectory of medical students’ empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review. BMC Medical Education 2020;20(1):52; doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-1964-5.
  • Smith KE, Norman GJ, Decety J. The complexity of empathy during medical school training: Evidence for positive changes. Med Educ 2017;51(11):1146–1159; doi: 10.1111/medu.13398.
  • Pohontsch NJ, Stark A, Ehrhardt M, et al. Influences on students’ empathy in medical education: an exploratory interview study with medical students in their third and last year. BMC Medical Education 2018;18(1):231; doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1335-7.
  • Capdevila-Gaudens P, García-Abajo JM, Flores-Funes D, et al. Depression, anxiety, burnout and empathy among Spanish medical students. PLoS One 2021;16(12):e0260359; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260359.
  • Roter DL, Hall JA, Aoki Y. Physician gender effects in medical communication: a meta-analytic review. JAMA 2002;288(6):756–764; doi: 10.1001/jama.288.6.756.
  • Kataoka HU, Koide N, Ochi K, et al. Measurement of empathy among Japanese medical students: psychometrics and score differences by gender and level of medical education. Acad Med 2009;84(9):1192–1197; doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b180d4.
  • Colliver JA, Conlee MJ, Verhulst SJ, et al. Reports of the decline of empathy during medical education are greatly exaggerated: a reexamination of the research. Acad Med 2010;85(4):588–593; doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181d281dc.
  • Hepdeni̇z ÖK, Temel UB, Uğurlu M. Bir diş hekimliği fakültesinde lisans öğrencilerinin empati düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Med J SDU 2023;30(2):235–244; doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.1287519.
  • Kaya E, Öztan N. Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Empati Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma: Evaluation of Empathy Levels of Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences 2022;28(3):576–581; doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2021-87353.
  • Hittner JB, Hemmo R. Psychosocial predictors of dental anxiety. J Health Psychol 2009;14(1):53–59; doi: 10.1177/1359105308097945.
  • Sghaireen MG, Zwiri AMA, Alzoubi IA, et al. Anxiety due to Dental Treatment and Procedures among University Students and Its Correlation with Their Gender and Field of Study. Int J Dent 2013;2013:647436; doi: 10.1155/2013/647436.
  • Acharya S, Sangam DK. Dental anxiety and its relationship with self-perceived health locus of control among Indian dental students. Oral Health Prev Dent 2010;8(1):9–14.
  • Ergüven SS, Işik B, Kilinç Y. Diş hekimliği fakültesi birinci sınıf öğrencileri ile son sınıf öğrencilerinin dental kaygı-korku düzeylerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontol Turc 2013;30(2):70–6.
  • Menzi̇Letoğlu D, Akbulut MB, Büyükerkmen EB, et al. Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin dental anksiyete-korku düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Selcuk Dental Journal 2018;5(1):22–30; doi: 10.15311/selcukdentj.314188.
  • Park KH, Kim D, Kim SK, et al. The relationships between empathy, stress and social support among medical students. International journal of medical education 2015;6:103.

DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ LİSANS ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KLİNİK EĞİTİM DÜZEYLERİNİN DENTAL ANKSİYETE VE EMPATİ DÜZEYLERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 53 - 60, 01.12.2023
Bu makale için 17 Nisan 2024 tarihinde bir düzeltme yayımlandı. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/adj/issue/84201/1473433

Öz

Amaç: Sosyal diş hekimliği yaklaşımı, biyomedikal modelde olduğu gibi sadece hastaların sorunlarının çözülmesini değil, aynı zamanda sorunlarının nedenlerinin araştırılmasını da içermektedir. Tedavi sırasında hastaları iyi anlamak, onlarla empati kurmak, yaşayacakları kaygıyı dikkate almak ve aydınlatıcı olmak çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı klinik eğitimin çeşitli kademelerindeki öğrencilerin diş hekimliği kaygısı (DA) ve empati düzeylerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Dijital platform kullanılarak anket formu oluşturuldu. Araştırmada kullanılan anket aracı üç bölümden oluşmaktadır: 1. Sosyodemografik verilere ilişkin sorular; 2. Dental Kaygı ve Korku İndeksi (IDAF-+4C+) Türkçe versiyonu; ve 3. Jefferson Hekim Empati Ölçeği-Öğrenci versiyonu.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 510 diş hekimliği öğrencisi dahil edildi. Klinisyen, gözlemci ve klinik öncesi öğrenci gruplarının DA düzeyleri arasında fark yoktu (p=0,765). Ancak empati puanları arasında anlamlı fark vardı (p<0,001) ve en düşük ortalama empati puanları klinisyen öğrenci grubunda bulundu. DA ile öğrencilerin empati puanları arasında ilişki bulunamadı (rho=0,026, p=0,557).
Sonuç: Lisans eğitiminin çeşitli aşamalarındaki öğrencilerin DA seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktur. Bu durum diş hekimliği teorik, pratik ve klinik eğitiminin öğrencilerin DA düzeylerini yükseltmede veya düşürmede etkili olmadığının göstergesi olabilir. Ayrıca klinisyen öğrenci grubundaki empati düzeylerinin azalmasının diş hekimliği klinik eğitiminin zorluğu, yoğun iş yükü ve klinik sorumlulukların yarattığı stres ile ilişkili olabileceği düşünülebilir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu onayı (Onay Tarihi/No: 20.06.2023/57) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Cianetti S, Lombardo G, Lupatelli E, et al. Dental fear/anxiety among children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2017;18(2):121–130; doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2017.18.02.07.
  • Grisolia BM, dos Santos APP, Dhyppolito IM, et al. Prevalence of dental anxiety in children and adolescents globally: A systematic review with meta-analyses. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2021;31(2):168–183; doi: 10.1111/ipd.12712.
  • Shim Y-S, Kim A-H, Jeon E-Y, et al. Dental fear & anxiety and dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2015;15(2):53–61; doi: 10.17245/jdapm.2015.15.2.53.
  • Alansaari ABO, Tawfik A, Jaber MA, et al. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Dental Anxiety among a Group of Adult Patients Attending Dental Outpatient Clinics: A Study from UAE. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023;20(12):6118; doi: 10.3390/ijerph20126118.
  • Buldur B, Armfield J. Development of the Turkish version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): Dental anxiety and concomitant factors in pediatric dental patients. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 2018;42(4):279–286; doi: 10.17796/1053-4628-42.4.7.
  • Brahm C-O, Lundgren J, Carlsson SG, et al. Dentists’ views on fearful patients. Problems and promises. Swed Dent J 2012;36(2):79–89.
  • Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Nasca TJ, et al. Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159(9):1563–1569; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563.
  • Stepien KA, Baernstein A. Educating for empathy. A review. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21(5):524–530; doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00443.x.
  • Light A, Gupta T, Burrows A, et al. Learning empathy: the medical student perspective. Clin Teach 2019;16(1):76–77; doi: 10.1111/tct.12801.
  • Gönüllü İ, Öztuna D. A Turkish Adaptation of the Student Version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Marmara Medical Journal 2012;25(2).
  • Bedos C, Apelian N, Vergnes J-N. Towards a biopsychosocial approach in dentistry: the Montreal-Toulouse Model. Br Dent J 2020;228(6):465–468; doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-1368-2.
  • Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med 2011;86(8):996–1009; doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615.
  • Andersen FA, Johansen A-SB, Søndergaard J, et al. Revisiting the trajectory of medical students’ empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review. BMC Medical Education 2020;20(1):52; doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-1964-5.
  • Smith KE, Norman GJ, Decety J. The complexity of empathy during medical school training: Evidence for positive changes. Med Educ 2017;51(11):1146–1159; doi: 10.1111/medu.13398.
  • Pohontsch NJ, Stark A, Ehrhardt M, et al. Influences on students’ empathy in medical education: an exploratory interview study with medical students in their third and last year. BMC Medical Education 2018;18(1):231; doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1335-7.
  • Capdevila-Gaudens P, García-Abajo JM, Flores-Funes D, et al. Depression, anxiety, burnout and empathy among Spanish medical students. PLoS One 2021;16(12):e0260359; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260359.
  • Roter DL, Hall JA, Aoki Y. Physician gender effects in medical communication: a meta-analytic review. JAMA 2002;288(6):756–764; doi: 10.1001/jama.288.6.756.
  • Kataoka HU, Koide N, Ochi K, et al. Measurement of empathy among Japanese medical students: psychometrics and score differences by gender and level of medical education. Acad Med 2009;84(9):1192–1197; doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b180d4.
  • Colliver JA, Conlee MJ, Verhulst SJ, et al. Reports of the decline of empathy during medical education are greatly exaggerated: a reexamination of the research. Acad Med 2010;85(4):588–593; doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181d281dc.
  • Hepdeni̇z ÖK, Temel UB, Uğurlu M. Bir diş hekimliği fakültesinde lisans öğrencilerinin empati düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Med J SDU 2023;30(2):235–244; doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.1287519.
  • Kaya E, Öztan N. Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Empati Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma: Evaluation of Empathy Levels of Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences 2022;28(3):576–581; doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2021-87353.
  • Hittner JB, Hemmo R. Psychosocial predictors of dental anxiety. J Health Psychol 2009;14(1):53–59; doi: 10.1177/1359105308097945.
  • Sghaireen MG, Zwiri AMA, Alzoubi IA, et al. Anxiety due to Dental Treatment and Procedures among University Students and Its Correlation with Their Gender and Field of Study. Int J Dent 2013;2013:647436; doi: 10.1155/2013/647436.
  • Acharya S, Sangam DK. Dental anxiety and its relationship with self-perceived health locus of control among Indian dental students. Oral Health Prev Dent 2010;8(1):9–14.
  • Ergüven SS, Işik B, Kilinç Y. Diş hekimliği fakültesi birinci sınıf öğrencileri ile son sınıf öğrencilerinin dental kaygı-korku düzeylerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontol Turc 2013;30(2):70–6.
  • Menzi̇Letoğlu D, Akbulut MB, Büyükerkmen EB, et al. Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin dental anksiyete-korku düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Selcuk Dental Journal 2018;5(1):22–30; doi: 10.15311/selcukdentj.314188.
  • Park KH, Kim D, Kim SK, et al. The relationships between empathy, stress and social support among medical students. International journal of medical education 2015;6:103.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Merve Candan 0000-0002-9839-871X

Melike İdacı 0009-0006-1755-380X

İmran Gökçen Yılmaz Karaman 0000-0003-2821-7749

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Candan M, İdacı M, Yılmaz Karaman İG. THE EFFECT OF CLINICAL EDUCATION LEVELS OF UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS ON DENTAL ANXIETY AND EMPATHY LEVELS. Aydin Dental Journal. 2023;9(3):53-60.

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