Antalya Kumluca Bölgesindeki Patlıcan (Solanum melongena L.) Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Sera Topraklarının Alınabilir Fosfor Kapsamları ile Bazı Toprak Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler

Öz

Bu araştırma; Antalya Kumluca bölgesinde yerel üreticiler tarafından patlıcan yetiştirilen bazı seralara ait toprakların alınabilir fosfor (P) kapsamları ile çeşitli fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla belirlenen 26 adet seradan toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprakların alınabilir P kapsamlarının belirlenmesinde ekstrakt eriyiği 0.5 M NaHCO3 olan Olsen metodu kullanılmış, alınabilir P ile diğer fiziksel ve kimyasal toprak özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri saptamak amacıyla, analiz sonuçlarına korelasyon, doğrusal regresyon istatistik metotları uygulanmıştır. Yapılan istatistik analizler sonucunda, araştırmada ele alınan toprakların alınabilir P kapsamlarının toprak pH’sı ve toprak organik maddesi ile istatistiksel olarak önemli etkileşim gösterdiği, analiz edilen diğer parametrelerle olan etkileşimlerin ise zayıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örtüaltı tarımda yapılan yoğun toprak işleme ve gübreleme faaliyetlerinin bu durumun nedeni olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alınabilir fosfor
• Toprak özellikleri
• Örtüaltı yetiştiricilik
• Patlıcan

Relationships Between Available Phosphorus Content and Some Soil Properties in Greenhouse Soils Used for Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Cultivation in the Kumluca Region of Antalya

Öz

This research was conducted to determine the relationships between available phosphorus (P) content and various physical and chemical properties of soils in some greenhouses where eggplant is grown by local producers in the Kumluca region of Antalya. Soil samples were taken from 26 selected greenhouses. The Olsen method, using a 0.5 M NaHCO3 extract solution, was used to determine the available P content of the soils. Correlation and linear regression statistical methods were applied to the analysis results to determine the relationships between available P and other physical and chemical soil properties. The statistical analyses revealed that the available P content of the soils studied showed a statistically significant interaction with soil pH and soil organic matter, while the interactions with other analyzed parameters was weak. It was concluded that intensive tillage and fertilization activities in greenhouse cultivation may be the reason for this situation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Available phosphorus
• Soil properties
• Protected cultivation
• Eggplant

Kaynakça

1. Alavaisha, E., Manzoni, S., ve Lindborg, R. (2019). Different agricultural practices affect soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in Kilombero-Tanzania. Journal of Environmental Management, 234, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.039.
2. Amadou, I., Faucon, M. P., ve Houben, D. (2022). Role of soil minerals on organic phosphorus availability and phosphorus uptake by plants. Geoderma, 428, Article 116125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116125.
3. Aydeniz, A., (1970). Toprağın fosfor ihtiyacının tayininde kullanılacak yeni bir biyolojik metod. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 517, Sayfa: 172, Ankara.
4. Black, C.A. (Ed.) (1965). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2, American Society of Agronomy Inc., Publisher, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 1372-1376.
5. Bouyoucos, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 43(9), 434–438. doi.org
6. Curtin, D. I. ve Syers, J. K. (2001). Lime-induced changes in indices of soil phosphate availability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65(1), 147-152.
7. Çağlar, K.Ö. (1958). Toprak Bilgisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 10, Ankara.
8. Day, L. D., Collins, M. E., ve Washer, N. E. (1987). Landscape position and particle-size effects on soil phosphorus distributions. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 51(6), 1547–1553.

9. Ebeling, A. M., Cooperband, L. R., ve Bundy, L. G. (2003). Phosphorus source effects on soil test phosphorus and forms of phosphorus in soil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34(13-14), 1897–1917. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120023226
10. Edwards, A. C. (1993). Phosphorus in agriculture. Factors influencing plant availability of P from acid soils [Abstract]. C.A.B. Abstract, 3.
11. Evliya, H., (1964). Kültür bitkilerinin beslenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 10, Ankara. FAO (2025). Agricultural production statistics 2010–2024. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at: https://www.fao.org/statistics/highlights-archive/highlights-detail/agricultural-production-statistics-2010-2024/en [Accessed 24 June 2026].
12. Hawkins, J. M. B., Vermeiren, C., Blackwell, M. S. A., Darch, T., Granger, S. J., Dunham, S. J., ... ve Neal, A. (2022). The effect of soil organic matter on long-term availability of phosphorus in soil: Evaluation in a biological P mining experiment. Geoderma, 423, Article 115965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115965.
13. Guppy, C. N., Menzies, N. W., Moody, P. W., ve Blamey, F. P. C. (2005). Competitive sorption reactions between phosphorus and organic matter in soil: a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 43(2), 189–202. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR04049.
14. Jackson, M.L. (1967). Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
15. Kacar, B. (1995). Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri: II. Toprak analizleri (Yayın No: 3). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. ISBN: 975-7717-04-5.
16. Kacar, B. (1979). Bitkilerde fosforun metabolizması ve işlevleri. A.Ü.Z.F. Yayınları No. 701, Ankara.
17. Kacar, B., (1962). Plant ve soil analysis. University of Nebraska College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
18. Kang, J., Hesterberg, D. ve Osmond, D. L. (2009). Soil organic matter effects on phosphorus sorption: A path analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73(2), 404–430.
19. Kellogg, C.E. (1952). Our garden soils. The Macmillan Company, New York, USA.
20. Lins, I. D. G., Cox, F. R., ve Nicholaides, J. J. (1985). Optimizing phosphorus fertilization rates for soybeans grown on oxisols ve associated entisols. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 49(6), 1457–1460.
21. Loué, A. (1968). Diagnostic pétiolaire de prospection: Études sur la nutrition et la fertilisation potassiques de la vigne. Société Commerciale des Potasses d'Alsace Services Agronomiques, 31-41.
22. Mahdi, H.H. ve Mouhamad, R.S. (2018). Behavior of phosphorus in the calcareous soil. Advances in Agricultural Technology, 1 (2): 1-8.
23. Mengel, K. ve Kirkby, E.A. (1987). Principles of plant nutrition. 4th ed. International Potash Institute. P.O. Box CH-3048, Worblaufen-Bern, Switzerland.
24. Murphy, P. N. C. ve Stevens, R. J. (2010). Lime ve gypsum as source measures to decrease phosphorus loss from soils to water. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 212(1-4), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0325-0
25. Olsen, S.R. ve Sommers, E.L. (1982). Phosphorus availability indices: Phosphorus soluble in sodium bicarbonate. Methods of Soils Analysis. Part 2. Chemical ve Microbiological Properties. Editors: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney, 404-430.
26. O'Halloran, I. P., Stewart, J. W. B., ve Kachanoski, R. G. (1987). Influence of texture ve management practices on the forms ve distribution of soil phosphorus. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 67(1), 147–163.
27. Özbek, H., Kaya, Z., Gök, M. ve Kaptan, H. (1993). Toprak Bilimi. (Scheffer/Schacktschabel'den çeviri). Ç.Ü.Z.F. Genel Yayın No. 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No. 16, Adana.
28. Pautler, M. C., ve Sims, J. T. (2000). Relationships between soil test phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, ve phosphorus saturation in Delaware soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64(2), 765–773.
29. Penn, C. J., ve Camberato, J. J. (2019). A critical review on soil chemical processes that control how soil pH affects phosphorus availability to plants. Agriculture, 9(6), 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9060120
30. Perrott, K. W. (1992). Effect of exchangeable calcium on fractionation of inorganic ve organic soil phosphorus. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 23(7-8), 827–840.
31. Pizer, N. H. (1967). Some advisory aspect: Soil potassium ve magnesium. Technical Bulletin, 14, 184.
32. Rhoades, J.D., (1982). Soluble salts. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical ve Microbiological Properties, Editors: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 167-179.
33. Ron Vaz, M. D., Edwards, A. C., Shand, C. A., ve Cresser, M. S. (1993). Phosphorus fractions in soil solution: Influence of soil acidity ve fertiliser additions. Plant ve Soil, 148(2), 175–183.
34. Shigaki, F., ve Sharpley, A. (2011). Phosphorus source ve soil properties effects on phosphorus availability. Soil Science, 176(9), 502–507. https://doi.org/10.1097/SS.0b013e318225b457
35. Siebers, N., Sumann, M., Kaiser, K., ve Amelung, W. (2017). Climatic effects on phosphorus fractions of native ve cultivated North American grasslve soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 81(2), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.06.0181
36. Sims, J.T. ve Pierzynski, G.M., (2005). Chemistry of phosphorus in soils. Chemical Processes in Soils, Soil Science Society of America, pp. 151–192.
37. Soil Survey Staff (1951). Soil Survey Manual. Agricultural Research Administration, U.S. Dept. Agr. Handbook, No. 18, Washington D.C., USA.
38. Szara, E., Sosulski, T., ve Szymańska, M. (2019). Impact of long-term liming on sandy soil phosphorus sorption properties. Soil Science Annual, 70(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2019-0002
39. Szigeti, N., Hermann, T., Juhos, K., ve Tóth, G. (2023). Distribution pattern of major crops and their cultivation intensity indicated by soil phosphorus concentrations in Europe. Agronomy Journal, 115(4), 1678–1693. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21337
40. Thun, R., Herrmann, R., Knickmann, E. (1955). Die Untersuchung von Boden. Neumann Verlag, Radebeul und Berlin, s. 48.
41. Tiecher, T., dos Santos, D. R., ve Calegari, A. (2012). Soil organic phosphorus forms under different soil management systems ve winter crops, in a long term experiment. Soil ve Tillage Research, 124, 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2012.05.001
42. Tisdale, S.L., W.L. Nelson, J.D. Beaton, ve J.L. Havlin. (1993). Soil fertility ve fertilizers. 5th ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
43. TÜİK (2025). Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri (2025). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Haber Bülteni, Sayı: 53939, Ankara. URL: https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/53939 (Erişim Tarihi: 24.06.2026).
44. Xiong, J., Liu, Z., Yan, Y., Xu, J., Liu, D., Tan, W., ve Feng, X. (2022). Role of clay minerals in controlling phosphorus availability in a subtropical Alfisol. Geoderma, 409, Article 115592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115592.
45. Yurtsever, N. (1984). Deneysel istatistik metotları. T.C. Tarım Orman ve Köy İşl. Bk. Köy Hz. Gn. Md. Yayınları, Genel Yayın No: 121, Teknik Yayın No: 56, Ankara.