Motion Analysis Software Used in Health and Sports Sciences

Öz

Motion analysis plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment planning of musculoskeletal problems in the field of health. In sports, it is used to reduce the risk of injury and improve performance. Rapid advances in technology in recent years have enabled the development of new and sensitive methods for the assessment and analysis of human movement. Motion analysis is performed in two different ways: kinetic and kinematic. Kinematics is a branch of dynamics that analyses the motion, position, velocity, acceleration and positional information of a body. Kinetics is the branch of science that studies the forces acting on the human body or any system. There are two main methods of analysing human motion in the field of health and sport sciences. The first method, video-based analyses, uses cameras to record athletes' movements during training or competitions and provides feedback to the athletes. Another method used in motion analyses is motion capture systems. In order to perform motion analyses quickly and reliably, motion data must be processed and digitised by means of software. There are many motion analysis software that combine these processes together. Some of these software allow only kinematic analyses and some allow both kinetic and kinematic analyses to be performed. The most popular motion analysis software are Dartfish, APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System), AnyBody, Visual3D, OpenSim, Qualisys, SkillSpector, Kinovea, MaxTRAQ and SIMI motion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Motion analysis
• Motion capture
• Kinovea
• Kinetic
• Kinematic

Sağlık ve Spor Bilimleri Alanında Kullanılan Hareket Analizi Yazılımları

Öz

Hareket analizleri, sağlık alanında kas-iskelet sistemi problemlerinin önlenmesi, teşhisi ve tedavi süreçlerinin planlanmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Spor alanında ise yaralanma risklerinin azaltılması ve performansın artırılması için kullanılır. Son yıllarda teknolojideki hızlı ilerlemeler, insan hareketinin değerlendirilmesi ve analizi için yeni ve hassas yöntemlerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Hareket analizleri, kinetik ve kinematik olmak üzere iki farklı şekilde gerçekleştirilir. Kinematik, bir cismin hareketini, pozisyonunu, hızını, ivmesini ve konumsal bilgilerini analiz eden dinamiğin bir dalıdır. Kinetik ise insan vücudu veya herhangi bir sisteme etki eden kuvvetleri inceleyen bilim dalıdır. Sağlık ve spor bilimleri alanında insan hareketini analiz etmenin iki ana yöntemi vardır. İlk yöntem olan video tabanlı analizlerde kameralar kullanılarak sporcuların hareketleri antrenman veya müsabakalar sırasında kaydedilir ve sporculara geri bildirim sağlanır. Hareket analizlerinde kullanılan diğer bir yöntem ise hareket yakalama (motion capture) sistemleridir. Hareket analizlerinin hızlı ve güvenilir bir şekilde yapılabilmesi için, hareket verilerinin yazılımlar aracılığıyla işlenmesi ve sayısallaştırılması gerekir. Bu süreçleri bir arada bulunduran birçok hareket analiz yazılımı bulunmaktadır. Bu yazılımların bazıları yalnızca kinematik, bazıları ise hem kinetik hem de kinematik analizlerin gerçekleştirilmesine olanak tanır. Hareket analizi yazılımlarının en popülerleri Dartfish, APAS (Ariel Performance Analysis System), AnyBody, Visual3D, OpenSim, Qualisys, SkillSpector, Kinovea, MaxTRAQ and Simi Motion.olarak sıralanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hareket analizi
• Hareket yakalama
• Kinovea
• Kinetik
• Kinematik

Kaynakça

1. Abd El-Raheem, R. M., Kamel, R. M., & Ali, M. F. (2015). Reliability of using Kinovea program in measuring dominant wrist joint range of motion. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 10(4), 224.
2. Aktürk, S. (2023). İnsan uzuvlarındaki eklem momentlerinin derin öğrenme yöntemiyle video görüntüleri üzerinden tahmini (Yülsek Lisans Tezi). Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Lisanüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Sakarya.
3. Allen, J. L., James, C., & Snodgrass, S. J. (2012). The effect of load on biomechanics during an overhead lift in the WorkHab Functional Capacity Evaluation. Work, 43(4), 487-496.
4. AnyBody. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.anybodytech.com/ (Accessed on 05 November 2024).
5. APAS. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.arielnet.com/ (Accessed on 7 November 2024).
6. Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Tejero-González, C. M., del Campo-Vecino, J., & Bavaresco, N. (2014). The concurrent validity and reliability of a low-cost, high-speed camera-based method for measuring the flight time of vertical jumps. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(2), 528-533.
7. Bassani, T., Stucovitz, E., Qian, Z., Briguglio, M., & Galbusera, F. (2017). Validation of the AnyBody full body musculoskeletal model in computing lumbar spine loads at L4L5 level. Journal of biomechanics, 58, 89-96.
8. Baude, M., Hutin, E., & Gracies, J. M. (2015). A bidimensional system of facial movement analysis conception and reliability in adults. BioMed research international, 2015(1), 812961.

9. Bertelsen, M. L., Jensen, J. F., Nielsen, M. H., Nielsen, R. O., & Rasmussen, S. (2013). Footstrike patterns among novice runners wearing a conventional, neutral running shoe. Gait & posture, 38(2), 354-356.
10. Borel, S., Schneider, P., & Newman, C. J. (2011). Video analysis software increases the interrater reliability of video gait assessments in children with cerebral palsy. Gait & posture, 33(4), 727-729.
11. Chagas, D.D.V., Leporace, G., Praxedes, J., Carvalho, I., Pinto, S., & Batista, L. A. (2013). Analysis of kinematic parameters of gait in Brazilian children using a low-cost procedure. Human Movement, 14(4), 340-346.
12. Chan, Y. (2020). Human gait modelling and analysis. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.
13. Cimolin, V., & Galli, M. (2014). Summary measures for clinical gait analysis: A literature review. Gait & posture, 39(4), 1005-1010.
14. Damsted, C., Nielsen, R. O., & Larsen, L. H. (2015). Reliability of video‐based quantification of the knee‐and hip angle at foot strike during running. International journal of sports physical therapy, 10(2), 147.
15. Dartfish. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.dartfish.com/motion (Accessed on 02 November 2024).
16. De Vries, J. I. P., & Fong, B. F. (2006). Normal fetal motility: an overview. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 27(6), 701-711.
17. Delp, S. L., Anderson, F. C., Arnold, A. S., Loan, P., Habib, A., John, C. T., Guendelman, E. & Thelen, D. G. (2007). OpenSim: open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 54(11), 1940-1950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2007.901024
18. Dönmez, G., Ak, E., Ödek, U., Özberk, N., & Korkusuz, F. (2014). Sporda hareket analizi. Türk Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Birliği Derneği (TOTBİD) Dergisi, 13, 369-380.
19. Elwardany, S. H., Eleiny, K. E. A., & Arabia, S. (2015). Reliability of Kinovea computer program in measuring cervical range of motion in sagittal plane. Open Access Library Journal, 2(09), 1
20. Galeru, O. (2008). Implıcarea Mıjloacelor Tehnıce Moderne În Metodıca De Predare, Învatare A Tehnıcıı De Înot Sportıv. Gymnasium, 9(14), 212.
21. Hamill, J., & Knutzen, K. M. (2006). Biomechanical basis of human movement. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
22. Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., & Seiler, S. K. (2012). The difference is in the start: impact of timing and start procedure on sprint running performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(2), 473-479.
23. Hisham, N. A. H., Nazri, A. F. A., Madete, J., Herawati, L., & Mahmud, J. (2017). Measuring ankle angle and analysis of walking gait using kinovea.
24. Kassay, A. D., Daher, B., & Lalone, E. A. (2021). An analysis of wrist and forearm range of motion using the Dartfish motion analysis system. Journal of Hand Therapy, 34(4), 604-611.
25. Khadilkar, L., MacDermid, J. C., Sinden, K. E., Jenkyn, T. R., Birmingham, T. B., & Athwal, G. S. (2014). An analysis of functional shoulder movements during task performance using Dartfish movement analysis software. J International Journal of Shoulder Surgery, 8(1), 1-8.
26. Kinovea. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.kinovea.org// (Accessed on 01 November 2024).
27. Kotsifaki, A., Van Rossom, S., Whiteley, R., Korakakis, V., Bahr, R., Sideris, V., & Jonkers, I. (2022). Single leg vertical jump performance identifies knee function deficits at return to sport after ACL reconstruction in male athletes. British journal of sports medicine, 56(9), 490-498.
28. Lopez Elvira, J. L., Lopez Plaza, D., Lopez Valenciano, A., & Alonso Montero, C. (2017). Influence of footwear on foot movement during walking and running in boys and girls aged 6-7. Retos-Nuevas Tendencias En Educacion Fisica Deporte Y Recreacion, (31), 128-132.
29. Marqués, L., Cela, J., and Gisbert, M. Pre-service Physical Education Teachers’ self-management ability: a training experience in 3D simulation environments. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (32), 30-34.
30. MaxTRAQ. (2024). Retrieved from https://maxtraq.software.informer.com/ (Accessed on 08 November 2024).
31. Melton, C., Mullineaux, D. R., Mattacola, C. G., Mair, S. D., & Uhl, T. L. (2011). Reliability of video motion-analysis systems to measure amplitude and velocity of shoulder elevation. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 20(4), 393-405.
32. Mirmoezzi, M., Sadeghi, H., Rahimi, A., & Khazaeli, M. (2015). Comparison of Kinematic Characteristics of Body Motion in Free Throws and Jump Shots of Basketball Adult Players. International Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(6), 15-19.
33. Nemtsev, O.B., Nemtseva, N.A., Kozlov, I.S., Doronin, A.M. and Shubin, M.S. (2015). Biomechanical analysis of the best and the worst trials of takeoff in long jump among the combine events athletes.
34. Norris, B. S., & Olson, S. L. (2011). Concurrent validity and reliability of two-dimensional video analysis of hip and knee joint motion during mechanical lifting. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 27(7), 521-530.
35. Nunes, J. F., Moreira, P. M. ve Tavares, J. M. R. (2016). Human motion analysis and simulation tools: a survey. In Handbook of research on computational simulation and modeling in engineering. IGI Global.
36. Omorczyk, J., Nosiadek, L., Nosiadek, A. & Chwała, W. (2014). Use of biomechanical analysis for technical training in artistic gymnastics using the example of a back handspring. Selected problems of biomechins of sports and rehabilitation (pp 2).
37. OpenSim. (2024). Retrieved from https://simtk.org/projects/opensim (Accessed on 02 November 2024).
38. Padulo, J., Annino, G., Tihanyi, J., Calcagno, G., Vando, S., Smith, L., ... & D'ottavio, S. (2013). Uphill racewalking at iso-efficiency speed. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(7), 1964-1973.
39. Pueo, B. (2016). High speed cameras for motion analysis in sports science. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 11(1), 53-73.
40. Puig-Diví, A., Escalona-Marfil, C., Padullés-Riu, J. M., Busquets, A., Padullés-Chando, X., & Marcos-Ruiz, D. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Kinovea program in obtaining angles and distances using coordinates in 4 perspectives. PloS one, 14(6), e0216448.
41. Qualisys. (2024). Retrieved from https://www.qualisys.com/software/qualisys-track-manager/ (Accessed on 05 November 2024).
42. Rasmussen, J., Dahlquist, J., Damsgaard, M., de Zee, M., & Christensen, S. T. (2003, August). Musculoskeletal modeling as an ergonomic design method. In International Ergonomics Association XVth Triennial Conference (Vol. 2003, pp. 24-29).
43. Silvestre, G., Mataloto, J., Borges, D., Conceição, A., Louro, H., & Branco, M. (2019). Analysis of the human walking gait with and without external weight added on lower limbs of physically active individuals. Motricidade, 15, 69-69.
44. Simi Motion. (2024). Retrieved from https://simi.com/en/ (Accessed on 02 November 2024).
45. Thomas, J., Hall, J. B., Bliss, R., & Guess, T. M. (2022). Comparison of Azure Kinect and optical retroreflective motion capture for kinematic and spatiotemporal evaluation of the sit-to-stand test. Gait & Posture, 94, 153-159.
46. Visual3D. (2024). Retrieved from https://bassettbiomechanics.com/visual3d/ (Accessed on 07 November 2024).
47. Winiarski, S. (2003). Human locomotion analysis technique with SIMI Motion. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 5(1), 544-50.
48. Winter, D. A. (2009). Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. John wiley & sons.
49. Wren, T. A., Tucker, C. A., Rethlefsen, S. A., Gorton III, G. E., & Õunpuu, S. (2020). Clinical efficacy of instrumented gait analysis: Systematic review 2020 update. Gait & posture, 80, 274-279.
50. Yi, G. A. O. (2013). Studies on Using Simi Motion Capture System in Gait Recognition. Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences, 67(2), 66.