Morphological Study of the Intraorbital Muscles (Musculi Bulbi) in Rat and Guinea Pig

Öz

Intraorbital muscles in the human are similar to those in the mammals as regards morphology and function, except for the absence of the retractor bulbi muscle in the human. The aim of this study is to determine the morphological and morphometric features of the eye muscles in the rat and guinea pig used as a model for various studies. Twenty-four bulbus oculi of 12 rats and 32 bulbus oculi of 16 guinea pig were investigated by subgross and histological methods. Certain morphometric data of musculi bulbi were obtained by stereo-microscope. Samples were fixed in 10% formalin for subgross procedures and preserved in Bouin solution for histological methods. The muscular part of the intraorbital muscles in the rat was examined and each muscle was determined to be originated from near the optic foramen and to be attached to sclera close to corneal limbus by tendinous ends. The intraorbital muscles of the guinea pig were relatively weak compared to the body size. The functional part of the intraorbital muscles located around the optic nerve was considerably short and attached to the sclera by the long tendinous ends. Retractor bulbi muscle was small muscle batch located ventrolateral of the optic nerve in rat and substantially weak muscle bundles that envelop the optic nerve in the guinea pig.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Guinea pig
• ocular muscles
• rat

Kaynakça

1. Andrade, F.H., McMullen, C. A., & Rumbaut, R. E. (2005). Mitochondria are fast Ca2+ sinks in rat extraocular muscles: a novel regulatory influence on contractile function and metabolism. Investigative Op- hthalmology & Visual Science December, 46, 4541-4547. https:// doi.org/10.1167/iovs.05-0809
2. Brooks, S.E., Sangueza, O. P., & Field, R. S. (1997). Extraocular muscle involvement in sarcoidosis: A Clinicopathologic Report. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 1(2): 125-28.
3. Demircioğlu, İ., Yumuşak, N., & Yılmaz, B. (2016). Anatomical and His- tological Features of Harderian Gland in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 61-65.
4. Dursun, N. (2002). Veteriner Anatomi III, Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
5. Felder, E., Bogdanovich, S., Rubinstein, N. A., & Khurana, T. S. (2005). Structural details of rat extraocular muscles and three-dimen- sional reconstruction of the rat inferior rectus muscle and mus- cle-pulley interface. Vision Research, 45, 1945–1955. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.visres.2005.01.031
6. Gültiken, M.E., Onuk, B., Yıldız, D., & Yılmazer, B. (2011). Morphological examination of the bulbus oculi and intraorbital muscles (musculi bulbi) in the common buzzard (buteo buteo). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 58, 223-228.
7. Gültiken, M.E., Onuk, B., & Yılmazer, B. (2010). Morphometric exam- ination of the intraorbital muscles (musculi bulbi) in roe deer (Ca- preolus capreolus). Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 57, 131-134. Gultiken, M. E., Orhan, İ. Ö., & Kabak, M. (2006) Morphometric study of the intraorbital muscles (musculi bulbi) in new zealand rabbit. Veterinary Research Communications, 30 (8), 845–850. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11259-006-3378-1
8. Hifny, A., & Misk, N.A. (1982). A Comparative Study of the Surgical Ana- tomy of the Tendons of Insertions of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Eyeball in Diferent Domestic Animals. Anatomia Histologia Embr- yologia, 11 (1), 19-26. Hyttel, P., Sinowatz, F., Vejlsted, M., & Betteridge, K. (2010). Essentials of Domestic Animal Embryology (1st ed.), Elsevier Ltd, China.

9. Jampolsky, A. (1953). The Management of Strabismus. California Med- icine, 79 (5), 367- 369.
10. Khanna, S., & Porter, J.D. (2001). Evidence for Rectus Extraocular cle Pulleys in Rodents. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 42 (9), 1986-92.
11. King, A.S., & McLelland, J. (1985). Form and function in birds. Vol.3.Academic pres inc. Ltd., Florida, America.
12. Klec ́kowska, J., Janeczek, M., Wojnar, M., & Pospieszny, N. (2006). Morphological Examination of the Intraorbital Muscles (Musculi Bulbi) in Dogs in the Perinatal Period. Anatomia Histologia Embr- yologia, 35, 279–283.
13. Klec ́kowska, J., & Pospieszny, N. (2005). Morphological Examination of the Intraorbital Muscles (musculi bulbi) in Persian Cats in the Peri- natal Period. Anatomia Histologia Embryologia, 34, 15-19.
14. Klec ́kowska-Nawrot, J., Goździewska-Harlajczuk, K., Barszcz, K., & Ja- neczek, M. (2018). Morphology of the extraocular muscles (m. bul- bi) in the pre-hatchling and post-hatchling african black ostriches (Struthio Camelus Domesticus L., 1758) (Aves: Struthioniformes). Acta Biologica Hungarica, 69 (1): 42-57.
15. Klećkowska, J., Janeczek, M., Wojnar, M., & Pospieszny, N. (2003). Morphology of the extra-ocular muscles (musculi bulbi) of the American Staffordshire Terrier during the perinatal period. Folia Morphologica, 62 (4), 431–434. Kocabıyık, N., Yalçın, B., Kılıç, C., Ozan, H., & Kırıcı, Y. (2004). Morpho- logical study on rectus muscles of eye. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 46 (3), 209- 212.
16. König, H.E., & Liebich, H.G. (2007). Veterinary Anatomy Of Domestic Mammals: Textbook And Color Atlas (3rd ed.), Stuttgart, Germany.
17. Lai, Y.H., Wu, W. C., Wang, H.Z., & Hsu, H. T. (2012). Extraocular muscle insertion positions and outcomes of strabismus surgery: correlation analysis and anatomical comparison of Western and Chinese popu- lations. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96 (5), 679-82.
18. Lennerstrand, G. (2007). Strabismus and eye muscle function. Acta Op- hthalmologica Scandinavica, 85, 711-723.
19. Maurits, M., Koorneef, L., Maurik-Noordenbos, A. M., Meulen-Schot, H.M., Prummel, M.F., Wiersinga, W.M., & Berghout, A. (1990). Ex- traocular muscle surgery for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: does prior treatment influence surgical outcome? British Journal of Ophthal- mology, 74, 481-483.
20. McMullen, C. A., Ferry, A. L., Gamboa, J. L., Andrade, F. H., & Du- pont-Versteegden, E. E. (2009). Age-related changes of cell death pathways in rat extraocular muscle. Experimental Gerontology, 44(6-7), 420–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2009.03.006
21. O’Malley, B. (2005) Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species, Elsevier Ltd, Germany.
22. Pachter, B., & Colbjörnsen, C. (1983). Rat extraocular muscle 2. Histo- chemical fibre types. Journal of Anatomy, 137 (1), 161-170.
23. Pachter, B. R. (1983). Rat extraocular muscle 1. Three dimensional cy- toarchitecture, component fibre populations and innervation. Jour- nal of Anatomy, 137 (1), 143-159.
24. Schutte, S., Polling, J. R., Helm, F. C. T., & Simonsz, H. J. (2009). Human error in strabismus surgery: quantification with a sensitivity analy- sis. Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 247, 399-409.
25. Von Noorden, G. K., & Campos, E. C. (2002). Binocular vision and ocular motility. Theory and Management of Strabismus (6th ed.), Mosby Inc, Missouri, USA.
26. Wall, J. R., & Lahooti, H. (2010). Pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease-- does autoimmunity against the TSH receptor explain all cases? En- dokrynologia Polska, 61(2), 222-227.
27. Wasicky, R., Ziya-Gbazvini, F., Blumer, R., Lucas, J. R., & Mayr, R. (2000). Muscle Fiber Types of Human Extraocular Muscles: A Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 41, 980-990.
28. Woodburne, T.R., & Burkel, W.E. (1994). Essentials of Human Anatomy. Oxford University Pres, New York.
29. Wright, K.W. (2009). Color atlas of strabismus surgery strategies and techniques, Springer science- Bussines media, USA.
30. Zhou, J.B., Ge, S., Gu, P., Peng, D., Chen, G.F., Pan, M.Z., & Qu, J. (2011). Microdissection of guinea pig extraocular muscles. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2, 1183-1185.