Salmonella Serotiplerinde Biofilm ve Virülans İlişkisinin Araştırılması

Öz

Salmonella gıda kaynaklı bir patojendir ve çiftlik hayvanlarında, kümes hayvanlarında ve insanlarda gastroenterite neden olur. Salmonella'nın patojenitesi, biyofilm oluşumu, motilite, invazyon, adezyon ve tip III sekresyon sistemi gibi virülans faktörleriyle ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, farklı kaynaklardan toplanan Salmonella serotiplerinin biyofilm oluşumu ile virülans genleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Salmonella serotiplerinin adrA, agfD, invA, sdiA, bapA genlerinin biyofilm ile ilişkisi Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemi ile araştırıldı. Bu amaçla farklı kaynaklardan 44 adet Salmonella izolatı alınmıştır, bunların 10 adeti Salmonella Typhimurium, 10 adeti Salmonella Enteritidis ve 24 adeti Salmonella Infantis'ten oluşmaktadır. Bu izolatların sırasıyla, 38 (%86,36), 26 (%59), 44 (%100), 39 (%88,64), 35 (%79,55) oranında bapA, sdiA, invA, agfD ve adrA genlerini içerdiği belirlendi. Fenotipik olarak örneklerde biyofilm oluşumu gözlenmedi. Fenotipik ve moleküler yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılması da daha güvenilir sonuçlar elde etmek için gereklidir. Elde edilen bulgular, Salmonella’da biyofilm oluşumunun çok bileşenli bir düzenleme mekanizmasına bağlı olduğunu, ayrıca biyofilmle ilişkili genlerin varlığının tek başına yeterli olmayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, gelecekte yapılacak çalışmaların biyofilm gelişimini etkileyen çevresel ve genetik faktörlerin daha ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesine odaklanılması, hem Salmonella’nın patojenitesinin daha iyi anlaşılması hem de insan sağlığı açısından korunma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyofilm
• PCR
• Salmonella
• Virülans

Investigation of Biofilm Production and Virulence Genes in Salmonella Serotypes

Öz

Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen and cause of gastroenteritis in livestock, poultry and in humans. Pathogenicity of Salmonella is related to its virulence factors like formation of biofilm, motility, invasion, adhesion and its type III secretion system. In this study, the relation between biofilm formation and virulence genes of Salmonella serotypes which were collected from different sources was examined. The presence of biofilm-associated genes (adrA, agfD, invA, sdiA, bapA) in Salmonella serotypes was analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. For this aim, the 44 Salmonella isolates were taken from different sources, those consist of 10 Salmonella Typhimurium, 10 Salmonella Enteritidis and 24 Salmonella Infantis. It was determined that these isolates contained the genes bapA, sdiA, invA, agfD and adrA at the rates of 38 (86.36%), 26 (59%), 44 (100%), 39 (88.64%), and 35 (79.55%) respectively. Phenotypically, biofilm formation was not observed in the samples. Integration of phenotypic and molecular methods is crucial for obtaining more reliable results. The findings suggest that biofilm formation in Salmonella is governed by a multicomponent regulatory mechanism, and that the presence of biofilm-associated genes alone may not be sufficient for biofilm formation. Therefore, future studies focusing on a more detailed investigation of the environmental and genetic factors influencing biofilm development are of great importance for a better understanding of Salmonella pathogenicity and for the development of protection strategies in terms of human health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biofilm
• PCR
• Salmonella
• Virulence

Kaynakça

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