Antibiyotik Dirençli Bakterilerin Tedavi ve Biyokontrolünde Bakteriyofaj Kullanımı

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Bakteriyofajlar veya fajlar bakterileri istila eden bakteriyel viruslardır. Üreme özelliklerine göre litik, lizojenik ve nonlitik olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmaktadırlar. Konakçı spesifitesi bulunması nedeniyle belirli bir bakteri türü veya cinsine etki göstermektedirler. Patojenlerin kontrolünde, hastalıkların önlenmesinde, antibiyotik dirençli bakterilerin neden olduğu hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu derlemenin amacı antibiyotiklere alternatif bir tedavi yöntemi olabilecek bakteriyofajların tanımı ve tedavilerde kullanımının avantaj ve dezavantajları hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Sonuç: Bakteriyofajlar antibiyotiklere dirençli bakterilerde alternatif bir tedavi olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Konakçı spesifitesi nedeniyle yararlı bakterilere herhangi bir etki göstermeksizin spesifik türe etki göstermesi, bilinen bir yan etkilerinin bulunmayışı avantajları arasında sayılabilir. Ancak lizogenik bakterilerin bakteri DNA’sında değişikliklere neden olarak daha dirençli bakteriler ortaya çıkarabileceği unutulmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakteriyofaj,Bakteriyofaj Tedavisi

Use of Bacteriophage in Treatment and Biocontrol of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

Backround/Aim:Bacteriophages or phages are bacterial viruses that infect bacteria. According to their reproduction characteristics, they are divided into three groups; lytic, lysogenic and nonlitic. Due to the presence of host specificity, they show a certain bacterial strain or genus. They are used in the control of pathogens, in the prevention of diseases, in the treatment of diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review provides information on the definition of bacteriophages, which may be an alternative therapeutic method and the advantages and disadvantages of its use in treatments. Conclusion:Bacteriophages can be used as an alternative treatment in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Advantages of the absence of known side effects are that the beneficial bacteria due to the hoster specificity have no effect on the specific species without any effect. It should be kept in mind, however, that lysogenic bacteria may produce more resistant bacteria due to changes in bacterial DNA.

Keywords

• Bacteriophage,Bacteriophage treatment

Kaynakça

1. Abedon ST (2009). Kinetics of phage-mediated biocontrol of bacteria. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 6, 807-815.
2. Abhilash M, Vidya A, Jagadevi T (2008). Bacteriophage Therapy: A War Against Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine. 7(1), 5.
3. Ackermann HW (2009). Phage classification and characterization. In Bacteriophages. Methods and Protocols, Vol. I, Isolation, Characterization, and Interactions (Clokie M.R.J. and Kropinski A.M, eds), Humana Press, Clifton, NJ. Methods in Molecular Biology, 501, 127–140.
4. Ackermann HW (2012). Who went into phage research? Bacteriophage. , 2, 55–9.
5. Arda M (1997). Bakteri Virusları (Bkteriyobakteriyofajlar). Temel Mikrobiyoloji. Medisan Yayınları. 209-224.
6. Brabban AD, Hite E, Callaway TR (2005). Evolution of foodborne pathogens via temperate bacteriophage-mediated gene transfer. Foodborne Pathog Disease, 2, 287–303.
7. Drulis-Kawa Z, Majkowska-Skrobek G, Maciejewska B, Delattre AS, Lavigne R (2012). Learning from bacteriophages advantages and limitations of phage and phage-encoded protein applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 13, 699–722.
8. Edgar R, Friedman N, Molshanski-Mor S, Qimron U (2012). Reversing bacterial resistance to antibiotics by phage-mediated delivery of dominant sensitive genes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78, 744–51.

9. Fujiwara A, Fujisawa M, Hamasaki R, Kawasaki T (2011). Biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum by treatment with lytic bacteriophages. Appl Environ Microbiology. 77(12), 4155–4162
10. Guttman B, Raya RA, and Kutter E (2005). Basic Phage Biology. In: Bacteriophages Biology and Applications. Eds: E. Kutter and A. Sulakvelidze. CRC Press, USA, 510, 29-66.
11. Hagens S, Loessner MJ (2010). Bacteriophage for biocontrol of foodborne pathogens: calculations and considerations. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 11, 58-68.
12. Jassim SAA, Abdulamir AS, Abu Bakar F (2012). Novel phage-based bio- processing of pathogenic Escherichia coli and its biofilms. World J Microbiol Biotechnology, 28, 47–60.
13. Jassim SAA, Limoges RG (2014). Natural solution to antibiotic resistance: bacteriophages ‘The Living Drugs’. World J Microbiol Biotechnology, 30, 2153-2170
14. Leverentz B, Conway WS, Camp MJ, Jan-isiewicz WJ, Abuladze T, Yang M, Saftner R, Sulakvelidze A (2003). Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut produce by treatment with lytic bacteriophages and a bacteriocin. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69, 4519–4526.
15. Maiques E, Ubeda C, Tormo MA, Ferrer MD, Lasa I, Novick RP, Penadés JR (2007). Role of staphylococcal phage and SaPI integrase in intra- and interspecies SaPI transfer. J Bacteriology, 189, 5608–16.
16. Merril CR, Scholl D, Adhya SL (2003). The prospect for bacteriophage therapy in Western medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2, 489–497.
17. Midilli K (2012). İnfeksiyonlara Antibiyotik Dışı Tedavi Yaklaşımları: Bakteriyofaj ve Mikro-RNA Kullanımı.
18. Miedzybrodzki R, Fortuna W, Weber-Dabrowska B, Górski A (2007). Phage therapy of staphylococcal infections (including MRSA) may be less expensive than antibiotic treatment. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online), 61, 461–5.
19. Sulakvelidze A (2011). Bacteriophage: A new journal for the most ubiquitous organisms on Earth.Bacteriophage. , 1, 1–2.
20. Wagner PL, Waldor MK (2002). Bacteriophage control of bacterial virulance. İnfect İmmun, 70(8), 3985-93.
21. Weinbauer MG (2004). Ecology of prokaryotic viruses. FEMS Microbiol Review, 28, 127–81.
22. Wittebole X , Roock S, Opal SM (2014). A historical overview of bacteriophage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. Virulence, 5, 1.
23. Wright A, Hawkins CH, Änggård EE, Harper DR (2009). A controlled clinical trial of a therapeutic bacteriophage preparation in chronic otitis due to antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa; a preliminary report of efficacy. Clinical Otolaryngology, 34(4),349- 357.