Muscle Weakness and Hyporeflexia; is Diabetic Neuropathy the Culprit?

Öz

Table 1. Serum biochemical analysis of a 7 years old male dog with DNeur receiving alpha lipoic acid. Tablo 1. Alfa lipoik asit uygulanan Diabetik nöropatili 7 yaşlı erkek köpekte serum biyokimyasal analiz sonuçları. Test mg/L reference interval Day 0 6 months later

Muscle Weakness and Hyporeflexia; is Diabetic Neuropathy the Culprit?

Öz

Şekil 1. Diyabetik nöropatili köpeğin klinik görünümü. Fiziksel muayenede a belirgin bir kas zafiyet, c-d hiporefleksi ve hipotoni mevcuttu. Sol ön ayak etkilenmiş, olgu gönülsüz olarak yürümekteydi. Sağaltımı takiben 6. ayda e köpeğin daha iyi bir lokomotor aktiviteye sahip olduğu gözlemlenmekte

Kaynakça

1. Anderson PG, Braund KG, Dillon AR, Sartin JL (1983). Polyneuropathy and hormone profiles in a chow puppy with hypoplasia of the islets of langerhans. Veterinary Pathology, 23, 528–531.
2. Baur A, Harrer T, Peukert M, Jahn G, Kalden JR and Fleckenstein B (1991). Alpha-lipoic acid is an effective inhibitor of human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV-1) replication. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 69, 722–724.
3. Braund KG and Steiss JE (1982). Distal neuropathy in spontaneous diabetes mellitus in the dog. Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 57, 263–269.
4. Cuddon PA (2002). Acquired peripheral neuropathies. Veterinary Clinics of North American Small Animal Practice, 32, 207–249.
5. Ghani M, Malik RA, Walker D, Sharma AK, Lowrie CT, Schall WD and Boulton AJ (1999). Perineural abnormalities in the spontaneously diabetic dog. Acta Neuropathologica (Berl), 97, 98–102.
6. Grunert RR (1960). The effect of DL-a-lipoic acid on heavy-metal intoxication in mice and dogs. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 86, 190–194.
7. Holmquist L, Stuchbury G, Berbaum K, Muscat S, Young S, Hager K and Münch G (2007). Lipoic acid as a novel treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 113, 154–164.
8. Inzana KD (2005). Peripheral nerve disorders. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 6. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2005. pp. 888–900.

9. Johnson CA, Kittleson MD and Indrieri RJ (1983). Peripheral neuropathy and hypotension in a diabetic dog. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 183, 1007–1009.
10. Katherman AE and Braund KG (1983). Polyneuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus in a dog. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 182, 522–524.
11. Means C (2008). Ataxia and vomiting in a German Shepherd. NAVC Clinician’s Brief, 6 (9), 31–33.
12. Misselbrook NG (1987). Peripheral neuropathy in diabetic bitch (letter). Veterinary Record, 121, 287.
13. Morgan MJ, Vite CH, Radhakrishnan A and Hess RS (2008). Clinical peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus in 3 dogs. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49 (6), 583.
14. Munana KR (1995). Long term complications of diabetes mellitus, part 1: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy. Veterinary Clinics of North American Small Animal Practice, 25, 715–730.
15. Packer L, Witt EH and Tritschler HJ (1995). Alpha-lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 19,227– 250.
16. Paetau-Robinson I, Brejda JJ and Zicker SC (2013). Long-Term Feeding of DL-α Lipoic Acid to Dogs Is Safe. The Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 11 (2), 100-109.
17. Schaer M (2010). Diabetic Neuropathy in Dogs. NAVC Clinician’s Brief Clinical View, 56.
18. Sehirli O, Sener E, Centinel S, Yüksel M, Gedik N and Şener G (2008). a-Lipoic acid protects against renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 35, 249–255.
19. Sharma AK, Malik RA, Dhar P, Mehra RD, Ahmed I, Lowrie CT and Schall WD (1995). Peripheral nerve abnormalities in the spontaneously diabetic dog. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 3, 130–139.
20. Steiss JE, Orsher AN and Bowen JM (1981). Electrodiagnostic analysis of peripheral neuropathy in dogs with diabetes mellitus. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 42, 2061–2064.
21. Walker D, Siddique I, Anderson H, Gardiner TA, Archer DB, Boulton AJM and Malik RA (2001). Nerve pathology in the type 1 diabetic dog: effects of treatment with sulindac. Journal of Peripheral Nerveous System, 6, 219–226.
22. Wenzel U, Nickel A and Daniel H (2005). a-lipoic acid induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by increasing mitochondrial respiration with a concomitant O2 generation. Apoptosis, 10, 359–368.
23. Wynn SG and Marsden S (2003). Manual of Natural Veterinary Medicine, 2nd edn. St Louis: Mosby Inc. pp. 236, 480, 500, 510, 511.
24. Yadav V, Marracci G, Lovera J, Woodward W, Bogardus K, Marquardt W and Bourdette D (2005). Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Multiple Sclerosis, 11, 159–165.
25. Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A, Dyck PJ, Gurieva I, Low PA and Samigullin R (2006). Oral treatment with a-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care, 29 (11), 2365–2370.