Histochemical and Histomorphological Studies on Prostate and Seminal Vesicle in Castrated Rats

Öz

Background/Aim: Prostate and seminal vesicle are accessory genital glands of the male reproductive system and produce essential secretions for reproductive function. Prostate and seminal vesicle are structurally and functionally androgen-dependent glands. In various studies; it has been found reduction in capillary lumen areas, increase in the number of apoptotic cell and in the amount of collagen in the stromal areas depending on castration in prostate and seminal vesicle. However, further studies on the period after castration are needed. For this reason, in the present study; it has been aimed to investigate the differences of histochemical and histomorphological in prostate and seminal vesicle glands of castrated young adult rats.Material and Method: In the study, two months old 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into a total of four groups as 2 controls n = 16 and 2 castrations n = 20 . While any process was not applied to the rats of control groups, the rats of castration groups were castrated. While prostate samples were taken 1 and 2 months after castration, seminal vesicle samples were taken 2 months after castration. The tissue sections that obtained after routine tissue processing were stained with Crosman’s triple staining, Periodic Acid Schiff PAS , and AgNOR Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Region methods.Results and Conclusion: The gland epithelial height decreased and the width of muscle layer surrounding glands increased in castration groups compared to the control groups in prostate and seminal vesicle, also the gland area decreased in prostate. The density of PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules and the numbers of AgNOR positive dot were decreased in castration groups compared to control groups in the gland epithelial cells of both prostate and seminal vesicle. With these results obtained; it has been contributed to the understanding of the structural and functional problems in prostate and seminal vesicle at hormone loss that occured due to castration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Castration,Prostate,Rat,Seminal vesicle.

Kastrasyon Yapılan Sıçanlarda Prostat ve Vezikula Seminalis Üzerine Histokimyasal ve Histomorfolojik Çalışmalar

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Prostat ve vezikula seminalis, erkek üreme sisteminin eklenik genital bezlerindendir ve üreme fonksiyonu için gerekli salgıları üretirler. Prostat ve vezikula seminalis yapısal ve işlevsel olarak androjene bağımlı bezlerdir. Çeşitli çalışmalarda; kastrasyona bağlı olarak prostat ve vezikula seminaliste kılcal damar lumen alanlarında azalma, apoptotik hücre sayısında ve stromal alanda kollajen miktarında artış saptanmıştır. Ancak; kastrasyon sonrası dönem ile ilgili daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu sebeple, sunulan çalışmada; kastre edilmiş genç erişkin sıçanların prostat ve vezikula seminalis bezlerindeki histokimyasal ve histomorfolojik farklılıkların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmada; iki aylık 36 adet erkek Sprague-Dawley sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar 2 kontrol n=16 ve 2 kastrasyon n=20 olmak üzere toplam 4 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubundaki sıçanlara herhangi bir işlem uygulanmazken, kastrasyon grubundakiler kastre edildi. Prostat örnekleri kastrasyondan 1 ve 2 ay sonra alınırken, vezikula seminalis örnekleri kastrasyondan 2 ay sonra alındı. Rutin doku takibinden sonra elde edilen kesitler Crosman’ın üçlü boyama, Periodic Acid Schiff PAS ve AgNOR Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organiser Region yöntemleri ile boyandı.Bulgular ve Sonuç: Prostat ve vezikula seminaliste; kontrole kıyasla kastrasyon gruplarında bez epitel yüksekliğinin azaldığı, bezleri çevreleyen kas tabakası genişliğinin arttığı, ayrıca prostatta bez alanının azaldığı tespit edildi. Hem prostat hem de vezikula seminalisin bez epitel hücrelerinde; kontrol gruplarına göre kastrasyon gruplarında; PAS pozitif sitoplazmik granüllerin yoğunluğunun ve AgNOR pozitif odak sayılarının azaldığı belirlendi. Elde edilen bu sonuçlarla; kastrasyona bağlı gelişen hormon kaybında, prostat ve vezikula seminalisteki yapısal ve fonksiyonel sorunların anlaşılmasına katkı sağlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kastrasyon,Prostat,Sıçan,Vezikula seminalis.

Kaynakça

1. Aquilina JW, Lipsky JJ and Bostwick DG (1997). Androgen deprivation as a strategy for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89, 689-696.
2. Brandes D and Bourne GH (1954). The Histochemistry of the prostate in normal and in castrated and hormone-treated mice and of pros- tatic homografts exposed to 20-methylcholanthrene. International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 35, 577–588.
3. Chan L and Wong YC. (1991). Complex carbohydrate histochemistry of the lateral prostate and seminal vesicle of the guinea pig. Acta Ana- tomica, 142, 326–333.
4. De Carvalho HF, Vilamaior PSL and Taboga SR (1997). Elastic system of the rat ventral prostate and its modifications following orchiec- tomy. The Prostate, 32, 27–34.
5. Derenzini M (2000). The AgNORs. Micron, 31, 117-120.
6. Güngor S, Tavlı L, Ömeroğlu E, Tavlı Ş, Vural Ö and Güleç Aİ (1998). Pri- mer meme tümörlerinin histolojik grade’leri ile agnor ortalamalari arasındaki ilişki. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 18,101-104.
7. Haggstrom S, Lissbrant IF, Bergh A and Damber JE (1999). Testosteron induces vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis in the ventral prostate in castrated rats. The Journal of Urology, 161, 1620–1625.
8. Hohbach C (1977). Ultrastructural and enzyme-histochemical alterati- ons of the dog prostate following castration (author’s transl). Der Urologe. 16, 460-465.

9. Isır AB, Bakır K, Uçak R and Dülger HE. (2004). AgNOR yöntemi ile insan epidermisinden yaş tespiti. Fırat Tıp Dergisi, 9, 75-78.
10. Junqueira LC and Carneiro J (2006). Temel histoloji, 10th Edit., Y Aytekin and S Solakoğlu (Eds.), Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul, pp. 443-446.
11. Justulin Jr LA, Ureshino RP, Zanoni M and Felisbino SL (2006). Diffe- rential proliferative response of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle to testosterone replacement. Cell Biology International, 30, 354-364.
12. Kaya C, Özyürek M and Türkeri L (2002). Prostat dokusunda finaster- id, bikalutamid ve cerrahi kastrasyon ile oluşturulan mikrodamar yoğunluğu değişikliklerinin araştırılması. Türk Üroloji Dergisi, 28, 365-369.
13. Kerr JFR and Searle J (1973). Deletion of cells by apoptosis during cas- tration-induced involution of the rat prostate. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Zell-pathologie, 13, 87-102.
14. Kierszenbaum AL (2006). Histoloji ve hücre biyolojisi: Patolojiye giriş, R Demir (Eds.), Palme Yayıncılık, Ankara, pp. 557-560.
15. Kurtuluş FO, Sinanoğlu O, Tandoğdu Z, Tuzlalı P, Fazlıoğlu A and Çek M (2009). Sıçan prostat dokusunda medikal ve cerrahi kastrasyonun apoptoz ve glandüler atrofiye etkisinin kıyaslamalı analizi. Türk Üro- loji Dergisi, 35, 164-169.
16. Lekås E, Johansson M, Widmark A, Bergh A and Damber JE (1997). Dec- rement of blood flow precedes the involution of the ventral pros- tate in the rat after castration. Urological Research, 25, 309-314.
17. Morrissey C, Buser A, Scolaro J, O’sullivan J, Moquin A and Tenniswood M (2002). Changes in hormone sensitivity in the ventral prostate of aging sprague-dawley rats. Journal of Andrology, 23, 341-351.
18. Mostaghel EA, Page ST, Lin DW, Fazli L, Coleman IM, True LD, Knudsen B, Hess DL, Nelson CC, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ, Gleave ME and Nelson PS (2007). Intraprostatic androgens and androgen-re- gulated gene expression persist after testosterone suppression: Therapeutic implications for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 67, 5033-5041.
19. Nickerson T, Pollak M and Huynh H (1998). Castration-induced apopto- sis in the rat ventral prostate is associated with increased expressi- on of genes encoding insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 2, 3, 4 and 5. Endocrinology, 139, 807-810.
20. Oltulu P, Gezginç K, Yılmaz O and Çelik Ç (2006). Gestasyonel tro- foblastik hastalıklarda agnor yönteminin prognozdaki önemi ve bazı klinik parametrelerle karşılaştırılması. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Derneği Dergisi, 3, 195-201.
21. OnoY, SuzukiK, YuasaH, KurokawaK, FukaboriY and Yamanaka H (2003). Ultrastructural changes in subepithelial capillaries and their surrounding stroma in rat prostate and seminal vesicle after cast- ration. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 201, 29-38.
22. Power RE and Fitzpatrick JM (2004). Medical treatment of BPH: An up- date on results. EAU Update Series, 2, 6-14.
23. Remmerbach TW, Weidenbach H, Müller C, Hemprich A, Pomjanski N, Buckstegge B and Böcking A (2003). Diagnostic value of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in brush biopsies of suspicious lesions of the oral cavity. Analytical Cellular Pathology, 25, 139-146.
24. Rüschoff J, Plate K, Bittinger A and Thomas C (1989). Nucleolar orga- nizer regions (NORs). Basic concepts and practical application in tumor pathology. Pathology-Research and Practice, 185, 878–885.
25. Silva AE, Serakides R, Ferreira E, Moraes JRC, Ocarino NDM and Cassali GD (2004). Effect of hypothyroidism on the solid form of the ehrlich tumor in intact or castrated adult female mice. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 48, 867-874.
26. Soos G, Tsakiris I, Szanto J, Turzo C, Haas PG and Dezso B (2005). The Prevalence of prostate carcinoma and its precursor in hungary: An autopsy study. European Urology 48, 739-744.
27. Tanyolaç A (1999). Özel histoloji, Yorum Matbaacılık, Ankara, pp. 141.
28. Tsukise A and Yamada K (1981). The histochemistry of complex car- bohydrates in the epithelium lining the ventral prostate of the rat. Histochemistry, 72, 215-227.
29. Zhao GQ, Holterhus PM, Dammshäuser I, Hoffbauer G and Aumüller G (1992). Estrogen-induced morphological and immunohistochemi- cal changes in stroma and epithelium of rat ventral prostate. Pros- tate, 21, 183-199.