Akabane Virus Infection in a Calf in Aegean Region of Turkey

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 595 - 596, 01.06.2018

Nihat Toplu Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu Ayşe Nur Akkoç Emrah İpek Erkmen Tuğrul Epikmen Bahattin Taylan Koç

Öz

Background/Aim: Akabane virus AKAV causes epizootic and sporadic, abortion in cattle, sheep and goats, premature or stillbirths and congenital anomalies characterized by arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly or microanencephaly. The presented study is to describe the immunohistochemical detection of Akabane Virus antigen in brain sections of a calf in Aydın province, Turkey. Material and Method: The tissue samples were collected from a 3-day calf presented for laboratory diagnosis. For histopathologic examination, the tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Duplicate brain sections were also stained with streptavidin peroxidase method to detect AKAV antigens. Results: Histopathologically, neuronal degenerative and necrotic changes characterized with central chromatolysis were detected in motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. Slight inflammatory changes were seen in the brain sections, characterized with perivascular mononuclear infiltrations. Immunopositive labeling of AKAV antigens was detected in degenerated motor neurons and a few glial cells of the brainstem and spinal cord, in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and in neurons of the cerebral hemispheres. Conclusion: This study showed that AKAV strains were circulated and caused clinical infection in cattle in Turkey. For future years, AKAV should be monitorized clinically, pathologically and virologically, and at the same time, its economic impact of animal husbandry on the country should be investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akabane Virus, pathology, Immunohistochemistry

Türkiye’de Ege Bölgesinde Bir Buzağıda Akabane Virus Enfeksiyonu

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Akabane virus AKAV sığır, koyun ve keçilerde epizootic ya da sporadic seyirli, atık, konjenital anomaliler artrogripozis, hidranensefali, mikroensefali , erken ya da yaşama gücü zayıf yavru doğumlarına neden olur. Sunulan çaşışma Türkiye’de Aydın ilinde bir buzağıda AKAV enfeksiyonunun histopatolojik bulguları ile viral antijenin immunohistokimyasal tanısını içermektedir. Material and Method: Doku örnekleri nekropsi muayenesi için getirilen üç günlük buzağıdan alındı. Histopatolojik incelme için, dokular hematoksilen ve eosin ile boyandı. AKAV antijenini tesbit etmek için, seri kesitler streptavidin peroksidaz metot ile boyandı. Results: Histopatolojik incelemede, beyin stemi ve medulla spinaliste sentral kromatolizis ile karakterize nöronal dejeneratif ve nekrotik değişiklikler saptandı. Perivasküler mononuclear hücre infiltrasyonu ile karakterize hafif yangısal değişiklikler belirlendi. AKAV antijenler beyin kökü ve medulla spinaliste dejenere motor nöronlar ile birkaç glial hücrede, serevbellumda Purkinje hücrelerinde, serbral hemisferde nöronarda saptandı. Conclusion: Sunulan çalışma AKAV suşlarının Türkiye’de sirküle olduğunu sığırlarda klinik enfeksiyona neden olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akabane Virus, patoloji, Immunohistokimya

Kaynakça

• Charles JA (1994). Akabane Virus. Veterinary Clinics Of North America. Food Animal Practice, 10,3, 525-546.
• Haligur M, Hasircioglu S, Ozmen O, Kale M, Aydogan A (2014) Immunohistochemical evaluation of akabane virus infection in aborted and new-born calves. Veterinarni Medicina, 59, 5,230-238.
• Karaoglu T, Ozgunluk I, Demir B, Oezkul A, Burgu I (2007). Seroprevalence of culicoides borne disease in cattle in European Turkey. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 54(2):121-125.
• Kirkland PD (2002). Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever virus infections. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 18: 501-514.
• Kirkland PD (2015). Akabane virus infection. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties, 34(2): 403-410.
• Kobayashi T, Yanase T, Yamakawa M, Kato T, Yoshida K, Tsuda T (2007). Genetic diversity and reassortments among Akabane virus field isolates. Virus Research, 130(1–2):162- 171.
• Matumoto M, Inaba Y (1980). Akabane disease and Akabane virus. Kitasato Archives of Experimental Medicine, 53(1-2):1- 21.
• Oguzoglu TC, Toplu N, Koc BT, Dogan F, Epikmen ET, Ipek E, Akkoc AN (2015). First molecular detection and characterization of Akabane virus in small ruminants in Turkey. Archives of Virology, 160(10):2623-7.
• Sellers RF, Pedgley DE (1985). Possible windborne spread to western Turkey of bluetongue virus in 1977 and of Akabane virus in 1979. J Hyg (Lond), 95(1):149–158.
• Taylor WP, Mellor PS (1994) The distribution of Akabane virus in the Middle East. Epidemiology & Infection, 113(1):175–185.
• Urman H, Berkin S, Yuce H, Milli U, Mert N, Kahraman M, Avvuran H (1980). Turkiye’de buzagilarda konjenital epizootik arthrogryposis ve hydranencephalie olaylari. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 26:287-292.