RNAi RNA INTERFERENCE

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 468 - 476, 01.01.2017

Ayşe Nur Akkoç Nihat Toplu

Öz

Backround/Aim: The identification of the sequence analysis of the genomes of many organisms has led to the emergence of a large number of genes whose functions are not yet known, and the search for the function of these genes has increased considerably. A genetic expression can be suppressed at different stages and information about the gene function can be obtained. Today, antisense strategies targeting the broad transcript are widely used to determine the function of specific genes. In the studies of the functions of the specific genes constructed using the antisense technique, translation of the transcript is inhibited using oligonucleotides conjugated to the corresponding genetic transcript. Studies using these techniques have led to the discovery of RNA interference RNAi . In this review, RNAi, current studies and benefits derived from these studies are discussed. Conclusion: RNA interference is an effective method for silencing/suppressing post-transcriptional gene expression. This mechanism is inherent in nature and has a wide range of applications in gene-protein function analysis in molecular biology, functional genomics research and gene therapy. Antisense-acting constructs are seen as an important milestone in molecular therapy in terms of silencing the target gene by suppressing complement mRNA, suppressing target gene expression, controlling gene expression, and thereby specifically targeting genes involved in disease mechanisms. Therefore, it is seen as a promising mechanism in the treatment of long, troublesome and failing diseases in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, RNAi.

RNA Interferens RNAi

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Birçok organizmanın genomunun dizi analizlerinin belirlenmesi ile fonksiyonu henüz bilinmeyen çok sayıda gen açığa çıktığı için bu genlerin fonksiyonlarının araştırıldığı çalışmaların sayısı artmıştır. Bir genin ifadesi farklı aşamalarda baskılanarak hedef genin fonksiyonuyla ilgili bilgi edinilebilir. Günümüzde genin transkriptini hedef alan antisense stratejileri özgül genlerin fonksiyonunun belirlenmesinde yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Antisense tekniği kullanılarak yapılan özgül genlerin fonksiyonlarının belirlenmesini amaçlayan çalışmalarda ilgili genin transkriptine eşlenik oligonükleotidler kullanılarak transkriptin translasyonu engellenmektedir. Bu teknikler kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalar RNA interferensin RNAi keşfedilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu derlemede RNAi, mevcut çalışmalar ve bu çalışmalar doğrultusunda sağlanan faydalar konu edilmiştir. Sonuç: RNA interferens, transkripsiyon sonrası gen ekspresyonunun susturulması/baskılanması için etkili bir metottur. RNA interferens mekanizması doğada var olan bir mekanizma olup, aynı zamanda moleküler biyolojide gen-protein işlevi analizinde, fonksiyonel genomik araştırmalarda ve gen tedavisinde geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Antisens etki gösteren yapılar, komplementer mRNA’yı degrade ederek ya da translasyonu baskılayarak hedef geni susturarak ilgili gen ifadesinin engellenmesi mekanizmasıyla etki ederler. Bu mekanizmadan yola çıkılarak hastalıkların patogenezisinde rol oynayan genlerin ekspresyonunun kontrolü ile moleküler temelli özgün tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ön görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak bu mekanizmayı içeren yöntemler çoğu zaman başarısızlıkla sonlanan, tedavi süreci uzun ve etkilenen bireyler açısından yıpratıcı olan hastalıkların tedavisinde umut vaat edicidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DNA, RNA, Protein sentezi, RNAi

Kaynakça

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