Effects of Different Levels of Oak Leaves on Digestibility, Some Rumen and Blood Parameters in Goats

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 253 - 257, 01.01.2014

Ömer Sevim Mustafa Sarı

Öz

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of oak leaves on feed intake, digestibility, some rumen parameters and liver enzyme levels in goats.Material and Method: The present study was conducted as Latina-square experimental design with 4 periods each lasted in 21 days including 14 days adaptation and seven days sampling period. Experimental diets were fed twice a day at 08.00 am and 03.00 pm ad libitum in adaptation period and 90% of average level of adaptation feed in sampling period. Water was given ad libitum. Wheat hay/oak leaves ratios in roughage mixture were as followed 100/00, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 respectively. Each treatment group was fed concentrate 30 minutes before experimental feeding as amount of 250 g/day 2 x 125 g in the morning and evening.Results and Conclusion: Oak leaves used in treatment diets had 8,38% crude protein, 27,02% crude fibre, 47,17% ADF and 9,61% tannin as dry matter base. As the oak leaf ratio increases in ration, an increase in dry matter intake was determined, meanwhile a reduction was found in dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. Dry matter intake results were found similar in MY50 691,46 g/day/animal and 58,38 g/day/kg BW0,75 and MY75 687,89 g/day/animal ve 59,28 g/day/kg BW0,75 groups. However, difference between these two groups and MY0 476,46 g/day/animal ve 40,82 g/day/kg BW0,75 , MY25 582,36 g/day/animal ve 49,18 g/day/kg BW0,75 groups was found significant P

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blood parameters, Digestibility, Goat, Quercus coccifera, Rumen parameters.

Keçi Rasyonlarında Farklı Düzeylerde Meşe Yaprağı Kullanılmasının Sindirilebilirlik ile Bazı Rumen ve Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Özbilgi/Amaç: Bu çalışmada, farklı düzeylerde meşe yaprağı bulunan rasyonların keçilerde yem tüketimi, sindirilebilirlik, bazı rumen parametreleri ve karaciğer enzim düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma, 14 gün alıştırma, yedi gün örnekleme olmak üzere her biri 21 günlük toplam dört dönem halinde Latin-kare deneme deseninde yürütülmüştür. Rasyonlar alıştırma dönemlerinde ad libitum, karşılaştırma dönemlerinde ise alıştırma dönem ortalamalarının %90’ı düzeyinde ve iki öğün 08.00 ve 15.00 halinde verilmiştir. Çalışmada hayvanlara su ad libitum olarak sunulmuştur. Kaba yem karışımı içerisindeki buğday hasılı/meşe yaprağı oranları sırası ile 100/0, 75/25, 50/50 ve 25/75 olarak düzenlenmiştir. Karma yem, her gruba sabah ve öğle yemlemesinden 30 dakika önce 2 x 125 g olmak üzere, günlük 250 g verilmiştir.Bulgular ve Sonuç: Denemede ana denek materyali olarak kullanılan meşe yapraklarının ortalama olarak KM üzerinden %8,38 HP, %27,02 HS, %47,14 ADF ve %9,61 tanen içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Rasyonlarda meşe yaprağı oranı arttıkça KM tüketimi artarken, KM ve OM sindirilebilirlikleri azalmıştır. KM tüketimi MY50 691,46 g/gün/hayvan ve 58,38 g/gün/kg CA0,75 ve MY75 687,89 g/gün/hayvan ve 59,28 g/gün/kg CA0,75 gruplarında benzer bulunurken, bu iki grup ile MY0 476,46 g/gün/hayvan ve 40,82 g/gün/kg CA0,75 ve MY25 582,36 g/gün/hayvan ve 49,18 g/gün/kg CA0,75 grupları arasındaki değerler istatistiksel olarak farklı P

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kan parametreleri, Sindirilebilirlik, Keçi, Quercus coccifera, Rumen parametreleri.

Kaynakça

• Al Jassim RAM, Ereifej KI, Shibli RA, Abudabos A (1998). Utilization of concentrate diets containing acorns (Quercus aegilops and Quercus coccifera) and urea by growing Awassi lambs. Small Ruminant Re- search, 29, 289–293.
• AOAC (1984). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Anal- ytical Chemist, Inc. Arlington, USA.
• Barry TN, Duncan SJ (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nut- ritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 1. Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51, 485–491.
• Barry TN, Manley TR (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nut- ritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 2. Quantitative di- gestion of carbonhydrates and protein. British Journal of Nutrition, 51, 493–504.
• Ben Salem H, Ben Salem I, Nefzaoui A, Ben Said MS (2003). Effect of PEG and olive cake feed blocks sopply on feed intake, digestion and health of goats given kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) foliage. Ani- mal Feed Science and Technology, 110, 45–59.
• Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K (2000). Effect of polyethylene gl- ycol on in vitro degradability of nitrogen and microbial protein sy- nthesis from tannin-rich browse and herbaceoys legumes. British Journal of Nutrition, 84, 73-83.
• Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970). Forage Fiber Analysis, Agricultural Handbook No: 379. USDA, Washington DC.
• Gökmen H (1973). Kapalı Tohumlar, Şark Matbaası, Ankara, pp. 102– 103.
• Hernandez GN, Wallace JD, Holechek JL, Galyean ML, Cardenas M (1991). Condensed tannins and nutrient utilization by lambs and goats fed low-quality diets. Journal of Animal Science, 69, 1167– 1177.
• İmik H (1997). Farklı tanen kaynakları kullanılarak hazırlanan rasyonla- rın tiftik keçilerinde yem tüketimi, canlı ağırlık artışı, tiftik verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim- leri Enstitüsü, Konya.
• Kaya S, Pirinçci İ (2002). Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji, Medisan Yayın Serisi: 53, Ankara, pp.334–336.
• Kumar R, Singh M (1984). Tannins, their adverse role in ruminant nutri- tion. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistery. 32, 377-453.
• Makkar HPS (2003). Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins and strategies to overcome detrimental ef- fects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research. 49, 241-256.
• Merck Clinical Laboratory (1974) Clinical Laboratory, Published by Mer- ck, Dramstadt, pp. 98–102.
• Merck Veterinary Manual (2007). Serum biochemical reference ran- ges, Erişim: [http://www.merckvetmanual.com], Erişim Tarihi: 23.11.2007.
• Merkel RC, Toerien C, Sahlu T, Blanche C (2001). Digestibility, N balan- ce and blood metabolite levels in Alpine goat wethers fed either water oak or shining sumac leaves. Small Ruminant Research, 40, 123–127.
• OGM (1980). Türkiye Orman Envanteri, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, An- kara.
• Özdamar K (2004). Parametrik Testler, Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi, Beşinci Baskı, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
• Sarı M (1977). Meşe yaprakları ve kengel dikenlerinin hayvan besleme bakımından analizleri. Fırat Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 3, 7–14.
• Silanikove N, Gilboa N, Perevolotsky A, Nitsan Z (1996). Goats fed tan- nin-containing leaves do not exhibit toxic syndrome. Small Rumi- nant Research, 21, 195–201.
• Singh P, Biswas JC, Somvanshi R, Verma AK, Deb SM, Dey RA (1996). Performance of pashmina (Cheghu) goats fed on oak (Quercus se- mecarpifolia) leaves. Small Ruminant Research, 22, 123–130.
• Singh P, Verma AK, Dass RS, Mehra UR (1999). Performance of pashmi- na kid goats fed oak (Quercus semecarpifolia) leaves supplemented with a urea molasses mineral block. Small Ruminant Research, 31, 239–244.
• Villena F, Pfister JA (1990). Sand shinnery oak as forage for Angora and Spanish goats. Journal of Range Management, 43, 116–122.
• Yıldız S, Kaya İ, Ünal Y, Aksu ED, Kaya S, Çenesiz M, Kaya M, Öncüer A (2005). Digestion and body weight change in Tuj lambs receiving oak (Quercus hartwissiana) leaves with and without PEG. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 122, 159–172.
• Zimmer N, Cordesse R (1996). Digestibility and ruminal digestion of non-nitrogenous compounds in adult sheep and goats: Effect of chesnut tannins. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 61, 259–273.