Removal of heavy metal ions and efficiency of elimination of zinc, copper, and cadmium by zeolite Na-X Faujasite

Öz

was examined. The study on the removal of 10 heavy metal ions from aqueous effluent shown that the synthesized zeolite effectively eliminated approximately 40% of the assessed heavy metal ions. The results demonstrated diminishing removal efficiency in the subsequent order: Cd > Mn > Sn > Fe > Cr > Ni > Pb > Mg > Zn > Cu. Multiple adsorption tests were conducted at varying initial metal concentrations utilizing selected metals (zinc, copper, and cadmium), succeeded by kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of their removal. The findings demonstrated clearance efficiencies of up to 99%. The process is regulated by physisorption, and its kinetic behavior adheres to a pseudo-second-order model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• heavy metals
• pollution
• industrial effluents
• adsorption isotherms
• Na-X zeolite

Zeolit Na-X Faujasit ile ağır metal iyonlarının giderimi ve çinko, bakır ve kadmiyumun giderim etkinliği

Öz

İncelendi. Sulu atık sudan 10 ağır metal iyonunun giderimine ilişkin çalışma, sentezlenen zeolitin değerlendirilen ağır metal iyonlarının yaklaşık %40'ını etkili bir şekilde giderdiğini göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, aşağıdaki sırayla azalan giderim verimliliğini göstermiştir: Cd > Mn > Sn > Fe > Cr > Ni > Pb > Mg > Zn > Cu. Seçilen metaller (çinko, bakır ve kadmiyum) kullanılarak değişen başlangıç metal konsantrasyonlarında çoklu adsorpsiyon testleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve ardından bunların giderimlerinin kinetik ve termodinamik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular, %99'a varan temizleme verimlilikleri göstermiştir. İşlem fiziksel adsorpsiyonla düzenlenir ve kinetik davranışı psödo-ikinci mertebeden bir modele uymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ağır metaller
• kirlilik
• endüstriyel atıklar
• adsorpsiyon izotermleri
• Na-X zeolit

Kaynakça

1. [1] Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Suruvi, N. I., Dampare, S. B., Islam, M. A., Quraishi, S. B., Ganyaglo, S., & Suzuki, S. Investigation of the Possible Sources of Heavy Metal Contamination in Lagoon and Canal Water in the Tannery-Industrial Area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 175, 633–649, 2011.
2. [2] Nahian, M. A., Ahmed, A., Lázár, A. N., Hutton, C. W., Salehin, M., & Streatfield, P. M. Drinking-Water Salinity Associated Health Crisis in Coastal Bangladesh. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6, 2, 2018.
3. [3] Dietler, G. Experimenting with Knots. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 227(17), 2487–2494, 2019.
4. [4] Hou, J., Chen, H., & Xu, J. External Knowledge Sourcing and Green Innovation Growth with Environmental and Energy Regulations: Evidence from Manufacturing in China. Sustainability, 9(3), 342, 2017.
5. [5] Ghrib, T., Ghali, A., Benbrahim, F., & Abusal, Y. A. Utilizing the RSA Algorithm to Enhance the Security of Real World Applications. Informatica, 49(9), 1–8, 2025.
6. [6] Bahaz, H., Hadj Seyd, A., Moulai, K., & Aggoune, M. S. Removal of Heavy Metals from an Industrial Effluent by Synthesized Zeolite: Case of Bounoura Industrial Zone. Lebanese Science Journal, 21(1), 2020.
7. [7] Kesraoui-Ouki, C. R., Cheeseman, C. R., & Perry, R. Natural Zeolite Utilisation in Pollution Control: A Review of Applications to Metals' Effluents. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 59(2), 121–126, 1994.
8. [8] Wang, S. B., Terdkiatburana, T., & Tadé, M. O. Adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Humic Acid on Natural Zeolite Tuff in Single and Binary Systems. Separation and Purification Technology, 62(1), 64–70, 2008.

9. [9] Lu, X., Wang, F., Li, X.-Y., Shih, K., & Zeng, E. Y. Adsorption and Thermal Stabilization of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ by Zeolite. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 55(32), 8767–8773, 2016.
10. [10] Zhang, X., Tang, D., Zhang, M., & Yang, R. Synthesis of NaX Zeolite: Influence of Crystallization Time, Temperature and Batch Molar Ratio SiO₂/Al₂O₃ on the Particulate Properties of Zeolite Crystals. Powder Technology, 235, 322–328, 2013.
11. [11] Cundy, C. S., & Cox, P. A. The Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolites: Precursors, Intermediates and Reaction Mechanism. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 82(1–2), 1–78, 2005.
12. [12] Georgiev, D., Bogdanov, B., Markovska, I., & Hristov, Y. A Study on the Synthesis and Structure of Zeolite NaX. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 48(2), 168–173, 2013.
13. [13] Ezzeddine, Z., Batonneau-Gener, I., Pouilloux, Y., Hamad, H., & Saad, Z. Synthetic NaX Zeolite as a Very Efficient Heavy Metals Sorbent in Batch and Dynamic Conditions. Colloids, 2(2), 22, 2018.
14. [14] Ye, H., Zhu, Q., & Du, D. Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Natural and Modified Rice Husk. Bioresource Technology, 101(14), 5175–5179, 2010.
15. [15] Ye, H., Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Wu, G., & Du, D. Adsorptive Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Rice Husk. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(2), 855–863, 2012.
16. [16] Das, D., Basak, G., Lakshmi, V., & Das, N. Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies on Removal of Zinc(II) by Untreated and Anionic Surfactant Treated Dead Biomass of Yeast: Batch and Column Mode. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 64, 30–47, 2012.
17. [17] Ismael, I. S. Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite X Obtained from Kaolin for Adsorption of Zn(II). Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 29(2), 130–136, 2010.
18. [18] Boparai, H. K., Joseph, M., & O'Carroll, D. M. Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cadmium Ion Removal by Adsorption onto Nano Zerovalent Iron Particles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 458–465, 2011.
19. [19] Dada, A. O., Olalekan, A. P., Olatunya, A. M., & Dada, O. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich Isotherm Studies of Equilibrium Sorption of Zn²⁺ onto Phosphoric Acid Modified Rice Husk. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(1), 38–45, 2012.
20. [20] Alver, E., & Metin, A. Ü. Anionic Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Modified Zeolite: Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm Studies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 200–202, 59–67, 2012.
21. [21] Doulia, D., Leodopoulos, C., Gimouhopoulos, K., & Rigas, F. Adsorption of Humic Acid on Acid Activated Greek Bentonite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 340(2), 131–141, 2009.
22. [22] T. Ghrib, Y. Khaldi, P. S. Pandey, and Y. A. Abusal. Advanced fraud detection in card-based financial systems using a bidirectional lstm-gru ensemble model. Appl. Comput. Sci., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 51–66, 2024.
23. [23] Payra, P., & Dutta, P. K. Zeolites: A Primer. In Auerbach, S. M., Carrado, K. A., & Dutta, P. K. (Eds.), Handbook of Zeolite Science and Technology. CRC Press, pp. 1–19, 2003.
24. [24] Breck, D. W. Zeolite Molecular Sieves: Structure, Chemistry and Use. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.