Synthesis and Optical, Thermal, Structural Investigation of Zinc-Borate Glasses Containing V2O5

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 307 - 325, 25.06.2020

Gökhan Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.37094/adyujsci.678938

Cited By: 2

Öz

    Vanadium pentaoxide (V₂O₅) doped zinc borate (ZnB) oxide glasses that could be used in fiber optic cable cores in optoelectronics, in laser crystals in solar energy systems have been synthesized successfully. Structural characters of synthesized glasses were determined with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Glass transition (T_g), crystallization (T_c) and melting temperatures (T_m), and thermal stabilities ($\Delta$T) of the glasses were determined and also their association with the change in V₂O₅ was explained. Structural units of boron and zinc that form the structure were determined according to FTIR data. As a result, it was determined that boron formed the glass matrix with BO₃, BO₄ and boroxol ring structural units; on the other hand, zinc contributed to the glass matrix with tetrahedral ZnO₄ and octahedral ZnO₆ structural units, and vanadium usually had modifier role in the structure with its VO₄ and VO₅ structural units. V₂O₅’s presence in the structure with increasing amount changes thermal, structural and physical properties. Among the properties that significantly change, the most important one is optical properties. Indirect optical band gaps, Urbach energies, refractive index values of these synthesized samples were determined, and quite clear shifts towards red region were observed in the transmittance and absorption spectra. Optical band gap decreased to 1.24 eV from 2.55 eV with increasing amount of V₂O₅; on the other hand, Urbach energy was determined to increase to 0.630 eV from 0.246 eV. Densities, molar volumes of these synthesized glasses were also examined and commented on.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ZnO, B2O3, V2O5, Zinc-Borate Glass, FTIR

V2O5 İçeren Çinko-Borat Camların Sentezi ve Optik, Termal, Yapısal İncelenmeleri

Öz

Optoelektronikte fiber optik kablo korlarında, laser kristallerinde ve güneş enerji sistemlerinde kullanılabilecek vanadium pentaoksit (V2O5) katkılı çinko borat (ZnB) oksit camlar başarıyla sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen camlara ait yapısal karakterler diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetre (DSC) ve Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) ile belirlenmiştir. Camsı geçiş (Tg), kristallenme (Tc), erime sıcaklıkları (Tm) ve termal kararlılıklar (DT) belirlenerek V2O5 değişimiyle ilgisi açıklanmıştır. FTIR verilerine göre yapıyı oluşturan bor ve çinkonun yapısal birimleri belirlenmiştir. Borun cam matrisini BO3, BO4 ve boroksol halka yapısal birimleriyle oluşturduğu, çinkonun ise cam matrisine tetrahedral ZnO4 ve oktahedral ZnO6 yapısal birimleri ile katkıda bulunduğu, vanadyumun yapıda çoğunlukla VO4 ve VO5 yapısal birimleriyle yer alarak düzenleyici görev üstlendiği belirlenmiştir. V2O5 katkısının artması yapının termal, yapısal ve fiziksel özelliklerini değiştirmektedir. Belirgin biçimde değiştirdiği özelliklerin başında optik özellikler gelmektedir. Sentezlenen numunelere ait indirekt optik bant aralığı, Urbach enerjisi, kırılma indisi değerleri belirlenmiş, geçirgenlik ve absorpsiyon spektrumlarında kırmızı dalgaboyuna kaymalar net bir şekilde gözlenmiştir. Optik bant aralığı V2O5 artışıyla 2.55 eV dan 1.24 eV’a azalmış, buna karşılık Urbach enerjisi 0.246 eV’dan 0.630 eV’a arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sentezlenen numunelere ait yoğunluk, molar hacim incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ZnO, B2O3, V2O5, Çinko-Borat cam, FTIR

Kaynakça

• [1] Kılıç, G., Değişik bileşimli camların hazırlanması, fiziksel ve optik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. PhD Thesis, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey, 2006.
• [2] Rao, R.B., Veeraiah, N., Study on some physical properties of Li2O-MO-B2O3: V2O5 glasses, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 348, 256-271, 2004.
• [3] El-Batal, H.A.R., Ezz-El-Din, F.M., Interaction of γ-rays with Some Alkali Alkaline Earth Borate Glasses Containing Chromium, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 76, 523, 1993.
• [4] Abdel-Baki, M., El-Diasty, F., Role of oxygen on the optical properties of borate glass doped with ZnO, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 184, 2762-2769, 2011.
• [5] El-Falaky, G.E., Gaafar, M.S., Abd El-Aal, N.S., Ultrasonic relaxation in Zinc-Borate glasses, Current Applied Physics, 12, 589-596, 2012.
• [6] Sumalatha, B., Omkaram, I., Rao, T.R., Raju, Ch. L., Alkaline earth zinc borate glasses doped with Cu2+ ions studied by EPR, optical and IR techniques, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357, 3143-3152, 2011.
• [7] Kumar, R.R., Bhatnagar, A.K., Rao, J.L., EPR of vanadyl ions in alkali lead borate glasses, Materials Letters, 57, 178-182, 2002.
• [8] Rada, M., Rada, S., Pascuta, P., Culea, E., Structural properties of molybdenum-lead-borate glasses, Spectrochimica Acta A, 77, 832-837, 2010.
• [9] Rao, T.R., Reddy, Ch.V., Krishna, Ch.R., Thampy, U.S.U., Raju, R.R., Rao, S., Ravikumar, R.V.S.S.N., Correlation between physical and structural properties of Co2+ doped mixed alkali zinc borate glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357, 3373-3380, 2011.
• [10] Singh, G.P., Kaur, S., Kaur, P., Kumar, S., Singh, D.P., Structural and optical properties of WO3-ZnO-PbO-B2O3 glasses, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 406, 1890-1893, 2011.
• [11] He, F., Wang, J., Deng, D., Effect of Bi2O3 on structure and wetting studies of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 509, 6332-6336, 2011.
• [12] Lian, Z., Wang, J., Lv, Y., Wang, S., The reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in air and luminescence properties of Eu2+ activated ZnO-B2O3-P2O5 glasses, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 430, 257-261, 2007.
• [13] Saritha, D., Markandeya, Y., Salagram, M., Vithal, M., Effect of Bi2O3 on physical, optical and structural studies of ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 354, 5573-5579, 2008.
• [14] Li, S., Chen, P., Li, Y., Structural and physical properties in the system ZnO-B2O3-P2O5-RnOm, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 405, 4845-4850, 2010.
• [15] Aleksandrov, L., Komatsu, Iordanova, R., Dimitriev, Y., Structure study of MoO3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses by Raman spectroscopy and formation of ZnMoO4 nanocrystals, Optical Materials, 33, 839-845, 2011.
• [16] Lakshminarayana, G., Buddhudu, S., Spectral analysis of Sm3+ and Dy3+: B2O3-ZnO-PbO glasses, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 373, 100-106, 2006.
• [17] Singh, H., Singh, K., Gerward, L., Singh, K., ZnO-PbO-B2O3 glasses as gamma-ray shielding materials, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 207, 257-262, 2003.
• [18] Thulasiramudu, A., Buddhudu, S., Optical characterization of Sm3+ and Dy3+: ZnO-PbO- B2O3 glasses, Spectrochimica Acta A, 67, 802-807, 2007.
• [19] Mosner, P., Vosejpkova, K., Koudelka, L., Montagne, L., Revel, B., Structure and properties of ZnO-B2O3-P2O5-TeO2 glasses, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 124, 732-737, 2010.
• [20] Wu, J., Xie, C., Hu, J., Zeng, D., Wang, A., Microstructure and electrical characteristics of ZnO-B2O3-PbO-V2O5-MnO2 ceramics prepared from ZnO nanopowders, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 24, 3635-3641, 2004.
• [21] Bale, S., Rahman. S., Electrical conductivity studies of Bi2O3-Li2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses, Materials Research Bulletin, 47, 1153-1157, 2012.
• [22] Ji, L.N., Li, J.B., Liang, J.K., Sun, B.J., Liu, Y.H., Phase relations and flux research for ZnO crystal growth in the ZnO-B2O3-P2O5 system, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 459, 481-486, 2008.
• [23] Hu, Y., Wei, D., Fu, Q., Zhao, J., Zhou, D., Preparation and microwave dielectric properties of 3ZnO·B2O3 ceramics with low sintering temperature, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 32, 521-524, 2012.
• [24] Raju, G.N., Reddy, M.S., Sudhakar, K.S.V., Spectroscopic properties of copper ions in ZnO-ZnF2-B2O3 glasses, Optical Materials, 29, 1467-1474, 2007.
• [25] Kim, D.N., Lee, J.Y., Huh, J.S., Thermal and electrical properties of BaO-B2O3-ZnO glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 306, 70-75, 2002.
• [26] Masuda, H., Kimura, R., Sakamoto, N., Properties and Structure of Glasses in the System BaO-B2O3-ZnO, Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals, 63, 284, 1999.
• [27] Kundu, V., Dhiman, R.L., Goyal, D.R., Maan, A.S., Physical and electrical properties of semiconducting Fe2O3-V2O5-B2O3 glasses, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 2(7), 428-432, 2008.
• [28] Saritha, D., Markandeya, Y., Salagram, M., Vithal, M., Effect of Bi2O3 on physical, optical and structural studies of ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 354, 5573-5579, 2008.
• [29] Toderaş, M., Filip, S., Ardelean, I., Structural study of the Fe2O3-B2O3-BaO glass system by FTIR spectroscopy, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 3(8), 1121-1123, 2006.
• [30] Schwarz, J., Ticha, H., Some optical properties of BaO-PbO-B2O3 glasses, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 5(1), 69-74, 2003.
• [31] Nagaraja, N., Sankarappa, T., Kumar, M.P., Electrical conductivity studies in single and mixed alkali doped cobalt–borate glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 354, 1503-1508, 2008.
• [32] Chaudhry, M.A., Altaf, M., Optical absorption studies of sodium cadmium phosphate glasses, Materials Letters, 34, 213-216, 1998.
• [33] Al-Hajry, A., Al-Shahran, A., El-Desoky, M.M., Structural and other physical properties of barium vanadate glasses, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 95, 300-306, 2006.
• [34] Sharma, B.I., Robi, P.S., Srinivasan, A., Microhardness of ternary vanadium pentoxide glasses, Materials Letters, 57, 3504-3507, 2003.
• [35] Ghosh, A., Bhattacharya, S., Ghosh, A., Optical and other structural properties of some zinc vanadate semiconducting glasses, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 490, 480-483, 2010.
• [36] Tawaki, D.M., Adlan, M.J.B., Abdullah, M.J., DC electrical conductivity of semiconducting cobalt–phosphate glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 357, 2152-2155, 2011.
• [37] Mandal, S., Ghosh, A., Electrical properties of lead vanadate glasses, Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 49, 3131, 1994.
• [38] Rao, R.B., Veeraiah, N., Study on some physical properties of Li2O-MO-B2O3: V2O5 glasses, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 348, 256-271, 2004.
• [39] Mott, N.F., Conduction in glasses containing transition metal ions, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 1, 1-17, 1968.
• [40] Austin, G., Mott, N.F., Polarons in crystalline and non-crystalline materials, Advances in Physics, 18, 41-102, 1969.
• [41] Sen, S., Ghosh, A., Structure and other physical properties of magnesium vanadate glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 258, 29-33, 1999. [42] Moustafa, Y.M., El-Damrawi, G., Meikhail, M.S., Effect of Vanadium oxide on the structure and properties of lithium borate glasses, Mans Science Bulletin C, 20, 71, 1993.
• [43] El-Damrawi, G., Moustafa, Y.M., Meikhail, M.S., Phase separation and NMR studies on sodium boro-silicate glasses containing V2O5, Mans Science Bulletin C, 20, 83, 1993.
• [44] Singh, K., Ratnam, J.S., Electrical conductivity of the Li2O-B2O3 system with V2O5, Solid State Ionics, 31, 221-226, 1988.
• [45] Mekki, A., Khattak, G.D., Holland, D., Chinkhota, M., Wenger, L.E., Structure and magnetic properties of vanadium–sodium silicate glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 318, 193-201, 2003.
• [46] Ebendorff-Heidepriem, H., Riziotis, C., Taylor, E.R., Novel photosensitive glasses, Glass Science and Technology, 75, 54, 2002.
• [47] Ghosh, A., Transport properties of vanadium germanate glassy semiconductors, Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 42, 5665, 1990.
• [48] Sudarsan, V., Kulshreshtha, S.K., Study of structural aspects of V2O5–P2O5–B2O3 glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 258, 20-28, 1999.
• [49] Ezz-Eldin, F.M., Radiation effects on some physical and thermal properties of V2O5–P2O5 glasses, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 159, 166-175, 1999.
• [50] Sindhu, S., Sanghi, S., Agarwal, A., Kishore, N., Seth, V.P., Effect of V2O5 on structure and electrical properties of zinc borate glasses, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 428, 206-213, 2007.
• [51] Li, H., Lin, H., Chen, W., Luo, L., IR and Raman investigation on the structure of (100-x)[0.33B2O3–0.67ZnO]–xV2O5 glasses, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 352, 3069-3073, 2006.
• [52] Elkhoshkhany, N., El-Mallawany, R., Syala, E., Mechanical and thermal properties of TeO2–Bi2O3–V2O5–Na2O–TiO2 glass system, Ceramics International, 42(16), 19218–19224, 2016.
• [53] Dimitrov, V., Sakka, S., Linear and nonlinear optical properties of simple oxides. II, Journal of Applied Physics, 79, 1741-1745, 1996.
• [54] Altaf, M., Chaudhry, M.A., Zahid, M., Study of optical band gap of zinc-borate glasses, Journal of Research (Science), 14(2), 253-259, 2003.
• [55] Kaur, A., Khanna, A., Sathe, V.G., Gonzalez, F., Ortiz, B., Optical, thermal, and structural properties of Nb2O5-TeO2 and WO3-TeO2 glasses, Phase Transitions, 86(6), 598-619, 2013.
• [56] Mohamed, N.B., Yahya, A.K., Deni, M.S.M., Mohamed, S.N., Halimah, M.K., Sidek, H.A.A., Effects of concurrent TeO2 reduction and ZnO addition on elastic and structural properties of (90−x)TeO2–10Nb2O5–(x)ZnO glass, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 356, 1626–1630, 2010.
• [57] Laila, S., Supardan, S.N., Yahya, A.K., Effect of ZnO addition and concurrent reduction of V2O5 on network formation and elastic properties of lead vanadate (55−x)V2O5–45PbO–(x)ZnO glass system, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 367, 14–22, 2013.
• [58] Pascuta, P., Vladescu, A., Borodi, G., Culea, E., Tetean, R., Structural and magnetic properties of zinc ferrite incorporated in amorphous matrix, Ceramics International, 37, 3343–3349, 2011.
• [59] Arora, S., Kundu, V., Goyal, D.R., Maan, A.S., Effect of stepwise replacement of LiF by ZnO on structural and optical properties of LiF. B2O3 glasses, Turkish Journal of Physics, 37, 229–236, 2013.
• [60] Agarwal, A., Sheoran, A., Sanghi, S., Bhatnagar, V., Gupta, S.K., Arora, M., Structural investigation and electron paramagnetic resonance of vanadyl doped alkali niobium borate glasses, Spectrochimica Acta A, 75, 964–969, 2010.
• [61] Jiao, Q., Yu, X., Xu, X., Zhou, D., Qiu, J., Relationship between Eu3+ reduction and glass polymeric structure in Al2O3-modified borate glasses under air atmosphere, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 202, 65–69, 2013.
• [62] Razali, W.A.W., Azman, K., Hashim, S., Alajerami, Y.S.M., Syamsyir, S.A., Mardhiah, A., Ridzwan, M.H.J., Physical, Structural, and Luminescence Studies of Nd3+ Doped MgO–ZnO Borate Glass, Optics and Spectroscopy, 115, 701–707, 2013.
• [63] Kilic, G., Issever, U.G., Ilik, E., Characterization of Er3+ doped ZnTeTa semiconducting oxide glass, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30(9), 8920-8930, 2019.
• [64] Issever, U.G., Kilic, G., Peker, M., Ünaldi, T., Aybek, A.S., Effect of low ratio V5+ doping on structural and optical properties of borotellurite semiconducting oxide glasses, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30 (16), 15156-15167, 2019.